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      • Open Access Article

        1 - Effects of shade and solar drying methods on physicochemical and sensory properties of Mentha piperita L.
        Mohsen Mokhtarian Ahmad Kalbasi-Ashtari Hassan Hamedi
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Histopathological evaluation of the effect of Mentha piperita essential oil on cutaneous wound healing in rats infected with C. albicans
        N. Farhangi Ghaleh Joughi, M.R. Farahpour, M. Neiriz Naghadeh,
        Wound infections caused by Candida albicans has grown substantially in recent years.Expensive medications, side effects, and particularly, the development of drug resistance, led tothe use of biological materials may be considered as an alternative solution. Studies sho More
        Wound infections caused by Candida albicans has grown substantially in recent years.Expensive medications, side effects, and particularly, the development of drug resistance, led tothe use of biological materials may be considered as an alternative solution. Studies show thatMentha piperita essential oil contains flavonoids and menthol and hence it has antibacterialproperties. We used 100 male Wistar rats (weight 195-205 g). One square surgical wound withdimensions of 1.5×1.5 cm were performed on the back of each animal and immediately becameinfected whit 0.1 ml of 1.5×107 CFU Candida albicans suspension. Then the rats were dividedinto 4 groups (control, placebo, treatments 1.5% and 3%) each with 25 rats and randomlydistributed into 5 subgroups each whit 5 rats (sample groups on different days). Wound healingactivity was performed by histological studies and yeast counts at the end of 4th, 8th, 12th, 16thand 20th days after surgery. According to the pathological findings, Mentha piperita essential oiltopically, significantly reduces inflammation and migration of leukocytes, and also significantlyincrease in vascular regeneration, epithelialization and migration of fibroblasts, comparedcontrol group. Mentha piperita essential oil, especially in higher doses (3%), increasedpathological factors affecting wound healing in rats was infected with Candida albicans. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Genetic variability and character association among morpho-metric traits and essential oil constituents in eight half-sib seed progenies of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.)
        Priyanka Prasad Ram Kishor Akancha Gupta Vidhi Saxena Sameen Zaidi Himanshu Kushwaha Vagmi Singh Ram Swaroop Verma B. Kumar
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Investigation on fumigant toxicity of four plant-derived essential oils on Bruchus pisorum (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)
        A. R. Jalalizand
        Bruchus pisorum (coleoptera, Bruchidae) is one of the most important pests of stored products.  Regarding  the limitation in using chemicals in stored product, search on alternatives to control the pest is necessary. Essential oils with low toxicity to human, More
        Bruchus pisorum (coleoptera, Bruchidae) is one of the most important pests of stored products.  Regarding  the limitation in using chemicals in stored product, search on alternatives to control the pest is necessary. Essential oils with low toxicity to human, animals and environment are good alternatives in pest management. The effect of four essential oils of Carumcarvi, Ferula gommosa, Mentha piperital, Pelargonium roseum on mortality adulte of B. pisorum has been investigated under laboratory conditions. All the essential oils were toxic to B. pisorum. However, the essential oil of P. roseum and C.carvi induced the highest mortality of the pest. All experiments have been done at 30±2oc, RH (65%) and photoperioded 8:16, D:L and mortality were recorded until 72 hours. All Lc50 of essential oils were between 1.22 to 49.94 ppm that showed high toxicity for pests.C.carvi essential oil was the most toxic with Lc50 equal to 1.72 ppm and F. gommosa was lowest toxic in four essential oils tested with Lc50 equal to 49.94 ppm. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - Study the antimicrobial effects of the essential oils of Origanum vulgare, Mentha piperita and Carum carvi on the bacteria isolates from food stuffs
        Mehrdad Ataie Kachouei
        The need to replace synthetic preservatives with a natural resource has caused the food manufacturers to use from the medicinal plants as a reservoir. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of essential oils extracted from Origanum vulga More
        The need to replace synthetic preservatives with a natural resource has caused the food manufacturers to use from the medicinal plants as a reservoir. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of essential oils extracted from Origanum vulgare, Mentha piperita and Carum carvi on the Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium isolated from food products. After preparation of medicinal plants, essence extraction was done using the Clevenger device and antimicrobial effects of essences were evaluated on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium isolated from raw milk and meat. Diameter of inhibition zone each essences was determined using the simple disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. Bacterial strains isolates of meat were more resistant to all tested essences but the pattern of the effectiveness of essential oils on isolated strains were similar in both sources. Essential oil extracted from Origanum vulgare had the highest antimicrobial effect on S. aureus and the lowest on E. coli, Mentha piperita had the highest antimicrobial effect on E. coli and the lowest on S. aureus and Carum carvi had the highest antimicrobial effect on S. aureus and the lowest on S. typhimurium. According to the antibacterial effects of the mentioned essential oils, the possibility of their application as an antimicrobial preservatives in meat and its products and also dairy products dairy is exist. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        6 - تاثیر کاربرد سطوح منابع مختلف کود نیتروژن بر محتوا و ترکیبات اسانس نعناع فلفلی
        عادل پشت دار علیرضا ابدالی مشهدی فواد مرادی سید عطا صیادت عبدالمهدی بخشنده
        مقدمه و هدف: نعناع فلفلی به عنوان گیاهی شفا بخش از خانواده نعناعیان شناخته شده است. اکنون، سطوح مختلف کودهای نیتروژن در تولید نعناع فلفلی استفاده می شوند در حالی که اطلاعات دقیقی درباره مقدار اپتیمم کود نیتروژن برای این گیاه در دسترس نیست. هدف اصلی از این تحقیق ارزیابی More
        مقدمه و هدف: نعناع فلفلی به عنوان گیاهی شفا بخش از خانواده نعناعیان شناخته شده است. اکنون، سطوح مختلف کودهای نیتروژن در تولید نعناع فلفلی استفاده می شوند در حالی که اطلاعات دقیقی درباره مقدار اپتیمم کود نیتروژن برای این گیاه در دسترس نیست. هدف اصلی از این تحقیق ارزیابی پاسخ ترکیبات شیمیایی نعناع فلفلی در سطوح مختلف نیتروژن و نوع استراتژی تغذیه‏ای (با شاهد و منابع شیمیایی سنتی) بود. روش تحقیق: نمونه‏ها با استراتژی تغذیه‏ای متفاوت در نعناع ( سنتی شامل چهار سطح نیتروژن از سه منبع کود UAN، اوره و سولفات آمونیوم و شاهد(عدم مصرف کود)) در استان خوزستان در جنوب غربی ایران جمع‏آوری شدند. نتایج و بحث: نیتروژن مصرفی سبب افزایش عملکرد تر و خشک نعناع فلفلی گردید. حداکثر اسانس نعناع از میزان 210 kgN/ha برای هر سه فرم کود بدست آمد اگرچه UAN نتیجه بهتری نسبت به اوره و سولفات آمونیوم نشان داد. نتایج آنالیز GC/MASS نشان داد کیفیت ترکیبات اسانس در سیستم های مختلف تغذیه ای یکسان نیست و از لحاظ ترکیبات اصلی اسانس تفاوت قابل توجهی دارند. در مجموع 35 ترکیب شناسایی شد که به ترتیب در شاهد و UAN، اوره و سولفات آمونیوم به ترتیب 8/98 ،6/97، 06/98 و 9/97 درصد از کل ترکیبات را شامل شدند. همچنین به ترتیب منتول 22/41، 7/33، 62/30 و 23/33 درصد، منتون 32/16 ،25/26، 33/27 و 7/26 درصد، منتوفوران 09/4 ،74/4، 81/5 و 14/5 درصد و ایزو منتون 47/6 ،48/7، 26/7 و 43/7 درصد ترکیبات اصلی نعناع فلفلی بودند. توصیه کاربردی و صنعتی: از آنجایی که اسانس نعناع فلفلی، خصوصا ترکیب منتول در صنایع داروسازی و عطر سازی کاربرد دارد و دارای خواص درمانی نظیر خاصیت ضد ویروسی، ضدباکتریایی و ضد اسپاسم است، توصیه می شود علاوه بر شاهد، از کود UAN برای افزایش کمیت و کیفیت اسانس نعناع فلفلی استفاده شود.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        7 - ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس نعناع فلفلی (Mentha piperita L) کشت شده در شرایط آب و هوایی اصفهان
        احمدرضا گل پرور امین هادی پناه
        مقدمه و هدف: اسانس نعناع فلفلی(Mentha piperita L)   یکی از مشهورترین و کاربردترین اسانس ها در بین اسانس های گیاهان دارویی و معطر است. هدف از این مطالعه شناسایی ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس استخراج شده از نعناع فلفلی کشت شده در شرایط آب هوایی اصفهان می باشد. روش تحقیق More
        مقدمه و هدف: اسانس نعناع فلفلی(Mentha piperita L)   یکی از مشهورترین و کاربردترین اسانس ها در بین اسانس های گیاهان دارویی و معطر است. هدف از این مطالعه شناسایی ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس استخراج شده از نعناع فلفلی کشت شده در شرایط آب هوایی اصفهان می باشد. روش تحقیق: اندام­های هوایی  نعناع فلفلی از مزارع منطقه میمه اصفهان در سال ۱٣٩۱ جمع آوری شد. استخراج اسانس به روش تقطیر با آب و به کمک دستگاه اسانس گیری طرح کلونجر صورت گرفت و میزان اسانس به وسیله دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی (GC/MS) مورد تجزیه و شناسایی قرار گرفت. نتایج و بحث: در مجموع ٢٩ ترکیب از اسانس  اندام­های هوایی نعناع فلفلی حاصل شد. به طور کلی با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق، ترکیبات اصلی شامل کامفن (۰۱/۱۴%)، منتون (٨٩/۱٣%)، منتول (٣٧/۱٢%)، بتا-پینن (۶٢/٧%)، پولگون (۴۱/۶%)، بتا- کاببن (٩٥/۴%)، آلفا-پینن (٧۴٣/۴%)، گاما- ترپینن (۰٨/۴%)، کارن (٨۱/٣%) و پیپریتون (۰۴/٣%) به دست آمد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: میزان اسانس نعناع فلفلی بر اساس شرایط آب و هوایی از سالی به سال دیگر تغییر می کند. مهمترین ترکیب شناسایی شده در اسانس نعناع فلفلی منطقه میمه ترکیبات مونوترپن هیدروکربنه و اکسیژنه بودند. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        8 - بررسی اثر کودهای زیستی روی عملکرد و اسانس نعناع فلفلی ‏‎(Mentha ‎piperita L.)‎
        میثم پورهادی
        مقدمه و هدف: در حال حاضر گرایش به محصولات زیستی حاصل از کشاورزی پایدار به عنوان یک ‏جایگزین مناسب برای کودهای شیمیایی در بازار جهانی افزایش یافته است و بسیاری از ‏شرکت­های دارویی، مواد خام حاصل از نظام های پایدار و ارگانیک را ترجیح می دهند، گذشته ‏از مزا More
        مقدمه و هدف: در حال حاضر گرایش به محصولات زیستی حاصل از کشاورزی پایدار به عنوان یک ‏جایگزین مناسب برای کودهای شیمیایی در بازار جهانی افزایش یافته است و بسیاری از ‏شرکت­های دارویی، مواد خام حاصل از نظام های پایدار و ارگانیک را ترجیح می دهند، گذشته ‏از مزایای بوم شناختی و زیست محیطی، تولید ارگانیک گیاهان دارویی مهم نظیر نعناع فلفلی ‏از نظر اقتصادی نیز با اهمیت جلوه می کند. هدف از این تحقیق، تعیین اثر سه نوع کود ‏بیولوژیک (نیتروکسین، سوپرنیتروپلاس و بیوسولفور) و اوره بر برخی صفات کمی و کیفی ‏گیاه دارویی نعناع فلفلی بود. روش تحقیق: . این پژوهش در مزرعه تحقیقاتی پژوهشکده گیاهان دارویی ‏جهاد دانشگاهی در سال­های زراعی 1387 تا 1388 در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در 9 تیمار ‏کودی و 3 تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای کودی شامل نیتروکسین، سوپرنیتروپلاس و‎ ‎بیوسولفور، هر کدام به مقدار‎ ‎‏4 و 8 ‏کیلوگرم در هکتار،‎ ‎کود اوره به مقدار 75 و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار و تیمار شاهد (بدون‎ ‎مصرف‎ ‎کود) بودند. نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که‎ ‎تمامی تیمار های کودی (بیولوژیک و اوره) نسبت به تیمار شاهد در اکثر ‏صفات دارای افزایش معنی داری بودند و از میان کودهای بیولوژیک، دو کود نیتروکسین و ‏سوپرنیتروپلاس (8 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بیشترین اثر افزاینده را هم سطح با مصرف کود اوره بر ‏اکثر صفات داشتند. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی:  بر اساس نتایج این آزمایش کودهای بیولوژیکی منجر به افزایش ‏عملکرد کمی و کیفی گیاه دارویی نعناع فلفلی گردیدند. هم­چنین با کاربرد کودهای زیستی ‏نیتروکسین و سوپرنیتروپلاس می­توان مصرف کود شیمیایی نیتروژن از منبع اوره را کاهش داد ‏که گامی موثر در راستای نیل به کشاورزی پایدار و کاهش آلودگی های زیست محیطی خواهد بود. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        9 - UV-B effects on the activity and gene expression of several antioxidant enzymes in Peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.)
        Neda Moazzami Rashid Jamei Gholamreza Abdi
        Peppermint infusion is a popular herbal drink with a number of benefits on cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory systems. Recent researches demonstrated that ultraviolet radiation can have an effect on peppermint essential oil. Considering the actual increasing of UV-B More
        Peppermint infusion is a popular herbal drink with a number of benefits on cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory systems. Recent researches demonstrated that ultraviolet radiation can have an effect on peppermint essential oil. Considering the actual increasing of UV-B in the sun radiation, it’s important to estimate real conditions and which economic consequences it may have. Mentha x piperita L. plants grown in field were irradiated for one hour with UV-B light (310 nm, 3.8 Wm-2), in the middle of the day, for two days. The five upper leaves were collected at 4, 20, 24, 28, 44 and 48 h after the first treatment. Plants of M. x piperita cultivated under the same circumstances without the treatment were utilized as the control at each time point. Results showed that the biosynthesis of peppermint essential oil is modulated by UV-B irradiation, but the plants have also their mechanisms of protection from UV by increasing the ROS-scavenging enzymes activity. Also, expression of some involved genes in pathway modified in the presence of UV and showed regulating effect in essential oil biosynthesis significantly. Another confirmation of the protection from UV-B light was the stable concentration of photosynthetic pigments. Analysis of ROS-scavenging enzymes suggests that plants had an oxidative stress. In conclusion, this work is a one step to understand the regulation of terpenoid biosynthesis and the effects of UV-B radiation on it. Complex analysis of whole plant’ response will be helpful for this aim. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        10 - Optimization of RNA extraction protocol for Mentha piperita
        Soheila Afkar
      • Open Access Article

        11 - The effect of cadmium on growth and composition of essential oils of Mentha piperita L.
        Maryam Peyvandi Zahra Aboie Mehrizi Mahdis Ebrahimzadeh
      • Open Access Article

        12 - Effects of Nitroxine and Thiobacillus biofertilizers on morphological and phytochemical properties of Mentha pipertita L.
        Azizollah Kheiry Roghieh Babakhani Mohsen Sanikhani Farhang Razavi
        Peppermint is one of the most important medicinal plants that widely used in food, cosmetics and drug industries.In this investigation, the effects of biofertilizers (Nitroxine and Thiobacillus) on morphological and phytochemical properties of Mentha pipertita L. studie More
        Peppermint is one of the most important medicinal plants that widely used in food, cosmetics and drug industries.In this investigation, the effects of biofertilizers (Nitroxine and Thiobacillus) on morphological and phytochemical properties of Mentha pipertita L. studied. An experiment including 16 treatments and 3 replications was conducted according to a completely randomized blocks in a factorial arrangement in the research field of University of Zanjan. The treatments were consisted of Nitroxine (0, 2, 4, 6 l/ha), and Thiobacillus (0, 4, 6, 8 kg/ha) incorporated with sulphur (300 kg/ha). The evaluated traits were including yield and yield parameters (fresh weight, dry weight, essential oil percent, stem length, shoot numbers, chlorophyll content, leaf length, leaf width, inflorescence numbers, inflorescence length, stem diameter, leaf relative density, leaf area index, Secretory glands, node numbers and internode length). The results showed that maximum leaf area, leaf length, leaf width, shoot numbers, number of Secretory glands and essential oils content in combination of 6 kg/ha Thiobacillus and 6 l/ha Nitroxine. Also the highest stem length and internode length was observed in 4 kg/ha Thiobacillus and 2 l/ha Nitroxine. The maximum number of inflorescence was recorded in 4 l/ha Nitroxine. However, the maximum inflorescence height was observed in 4 kg/ha Thiobacillus in combination with 6 l/ha Nitroxine. In conclusion, the combination of 6 kg/ha Thiobacillus and 6 l/ha Nitroxine can be recommended to obtain maximum yield and essential oils in this medicinal plant. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        13 - Effect of drought stress and salicylic acid on some of growth traits, photosynthetic pigments and yield essential oil of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.)
        ali salehi sardoei
        The current research was conducted with the aim to investigate the effect of salicylic acid on the growth traits, photosynthetic pigments and the amount of essential oil in Mentha piperita under drought stress. The factorial experiment was carried out in the form of ran More
        The current research was conducted with the aim to investigate the effect of salicylic acid on the growth traits, photosynthetic pigments and the amount of essential oil in Mentha piperita under drought stress. The factorial experiment was carried out in the form of randomized complete block design and with three repetitions. Factors included irrigation round at four levels (90 (control), 75, 45, and 20% field capacity) and salicylic acid at two levels (zero (control) and 60 ppm). The investigated traits included the plant height, number of lateral branches, length of lateral branches, number of nodes, fresh and dry weight of the plant, fresh and dry weight of the stem, chlorophyll a, b, and total, carotenoids, and essential oil percentage and yield. Results from this experiment showed that the effect of drought stress on all studied traits was significant at the statistical level of 1%. The mutual effect of drought stress on salicylic acid hormone for the length of lateral branches, fresh and dry weight of the plant, chlorophyll a, b, and total, and essential oil percentage and yield traits was significant. Stress caused a reduction in all traits except for fresh and dry weight of the stem; and the use of salicylic acid led to the reduced effects of stress such that the highest values of these traits were obtained from 60 ppm salicylic acid. Given the mutual effects, the highest values of essential oil percentage and yield obtained from 90% of field capacity and application of salicylic acid. Overall, the application of this hormone led to the improvement of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of Mentha piperita under drought stress. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        14 - Effect of drought stress and salicylic acid on some of growth traits, photosynthetic pigments and yield essential oil of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.)
        S. Fattahi Siahkamari H. Azad Ghujebigloo, A. Salehi Sardoei H. Motamedi Sharak, KH. Babaei
        The current research was conducted with the aim to investigate the effect of salicylic acid on the growth traits, photosynthetic pigments and the amount of essential oil in Mentha piperita under drought stress. The factorial experiment was carried out in the form of ran More
        The current research was conducted with the aim to investigate the effect of salicylic acid on the growth traits, photosynthetic pigments and the amount of essential oil in Mentha piperita under drought stress. The factorial experiment was carried out in the form of randomized complete block design and with three repetitions. Factors included irrigation round at four levels (90 (control), 75, 45, and 20% field capacity) and salicylic acid at two levels (zero (control) and 60 ppm). The investigated traits included the plant height, number of lateral branches, length of lateral branches, number of nodes, fresh and dry weight of the plant, fresh and dry weight of the stem, chlorophyll a, b and total carotenoids, and essential oil percentage and yield. Results from this experiment showed that the effect of drought stress on all studied traits was significant at the statistical level of 1%. The mutual effect of drought stress on salicylic acid hormone for the length of lateral branches, fresh and dry weight of the plant,  chlorophyll  a, b and total and essential oil percentage and yield traits was significant. Stress caused a reduction in all traits except for fresh and dry weight of the stem; and the use of salicylic acid led to the reduced effects of stress such that the highest values of these traits were obtained from 60 ppm salicylic acid. Given the mutual effects, the highest values of essential oil percentage and yield obtained from 90% of field capacity and application of salicylic acid. Overall, the application of this hormone led to the improvement of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of Mentha piperita under drought stress. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        15 - Biodegradable Films Based on Cassava Starch/Mentha piperita Essence: Fabrication, Characterization and Properties
        Vajihesadat Moosavian Mohammad Mehdi Marvizadeh Abdorreza Mohammadi Nafchi