The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of different levels of antioxidant(glutamine) on buffalo spermatozoa cryopreserved in an egg yolk based extender. Ejaculates werecollected From 5 matures buffalo bulls (four ejaculate per buffalo), were e More
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of different levels of antioxidant(glutamine) on buffalo spermatozoa cryopreserved in an egg yolk based extender. Ejaculates werecollected From 5 matures buffalo bulls (four ejaculate per buffalo), were evaluated and diluted at37°C in one of the following experiments: Tris-egg yolk extender (control), or the same extendersupplemented with 10, 25, 50, 75 or 100 mM glutamine. The semen was loaded into 0.5 mlstraws, cooled and frozen in a manual freezer and subsequently stored in liquid nitrogen. Prior toevaluation, frozen straws were thawed in a water bath (37◦C for 20 s). Freezing extenderssupplemented with 25 mM glutamine led to higher sperm motility values, compared to the controland other groups. The addition of antioxidants did not affect acrosomal integrity compared to thecontrol. The percentage of sperm viability in extender supplemented with 25 mM glutamine washigher than control group (78.03 ±0.37 & 53.13 ±0.40, respectively). The sperm viability inextender supplemented with 100 mM glutamine was lower than other glutamine supplementedgroups. In conclusion, addition of glutamine to buffalo semen extender laded to higher frozensperm quality in buffalo.
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Background & Aim: Despite the importance of resistance protocol and glutamine on hypertrophy, their effect on myogenic genes expression process is still unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of an intense resistance session w More
Background & Aim: Despite the importance of resistance protocol and glutamine on hypertrophy, their effect on myogenic genes expression process is still unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of an intense resistance session with glutamine on Myogenin and Myosin creatine kinase gene expression in male Wistar rats. Materials & Methods: 30 8-week-old male rats with an approximate weight of 220±20 were prepared and divided into three groups, control, intense resistance training, and intense resistance training with glutamine, in a simple random manner. The training groups participated in a resistance session of climbing the ramp with 4 sets, 5 repetitions, 30 seconds of rest between repetitions and 2 minutes of rest between sets. Glutamine was once a day powder dissolved in 100 cc of distilled water at a dose of 5.5 grams per kilogram of body weight every day for 5 days. The Extensor Digitorum long muscle tissue was sent to the relevant laboratory to study the expression of Myogenin and Myosin creatine kinase genes. The relative fold change method was used to check gene expression data at a significance level of 5%.
Results: The gene expression results showed that myogenin and myosin creatine kinase gene expression levels increased significantly as a result of a high-intensity resistance training session with glutamine compared to the control group, and this value was more pronounced in the resistance training group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that an intense resistance training session is more effective than glutamine on the increase of myogenic genes.
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Muscle pain after resistance activities, which occurs due to the destruction of sarcolema, increases the serum levels of LDH and CK enzymes as indicators of muscle damage. The results have shown that the use of food supplements such as glutamine can be useful in reducin More
Muscle pain after resistance activities, which occurs due to the destruction of sarcolema, increases the serum levels of LDH and CK enzymes as indicators of muscle damage. The results have shown that the use of food supplements such as glutamine can be useful in reducing the serum indicators of muscle damage. The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of glutamine supplementation on serum indicators of muscle damage, including the serum levels of LDH and CK enzymes following a session of resistance activity.
The present experimental study was carried out using an animal model in the form of a 3 group’s research design with a control group. To this end, 30 six-week-old adult male Wistar rats were kept under controlled conditions for 2 weeks and were then divided into three equal groups, including control, and resistance activity with/ without glutamine supplementation.
The glutamine supplementation group received the prepared emulsion by gavage of 200 mg/kg of body weight. After five days, both experimental groups participated in a session of resistance activity (namely, climbing a smooth ramp with one and a half meters height and a 85° decline) with 4 sets, 5 repetitions, 30 seconds of rest between repetitions and 2 minutes of rest between sets. The initial load was considered equal to 50% of the rats' body weight.
One-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post hoc test were used at a significance level of p ≥ 0.05.
The levels of CK and LDH enzymes were different in groups. A five-day glutamine supplementation before performing a session of resistance activity can cause a lower increase in the serum levels of CK and LDH enzymes as serum indicators of muscle damage, which indicates the protective effect of glutamine in maintaining the integrity and structure of cell membrane.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of carbohydrate and carbohydrate-glutamine supplementation after High intensity interval exercise on interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 plasma levels of young.Methods: Eight young and healthy wrestlers voluntee More
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of carbohydrate and carbohydrate-glutamine supplementation after High intensity interval exercise on interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 plasma levels of young.Methods: Eight young and healthy wrestlers volunteered to participate in this cross-sectional study. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups of carbohydrates (CHO) and carbohydrate-glutamine (GLU+CHO) with a blinded two-way model. After the first blood collection, the subjects performed a period of intense periodic activity. Immediately after the second blood transfusion activity, the subjects performed 3 hours of inactive recovery with carbohydrate intake (1.2 g per kg body weight per hour in solution 15%) or carbohydrate-glutamine (respectively 0.1% Grams per kilogram of body weight in a solution of 15%). 3 and 24 hours after the activity again blood sampling was performed. After a two-week recycling period, the steps were repeated again by substitution of the subjects, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 of blood plasma were measured by enzymatic method.Results: The results of two-way measurements with repeated measurements indicated significant changes intra-group (time effect) in blood glucose levels interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 at resting stages, immediately, 3 and 24 hours later activity(P≤0.05); however, there was no significant difference in between groups (group effect) between two groups of supplementation (P> 0.05). Conclusion: High intensity interval exercises have resulted in a significant increase in levels of IL-6 and IL-8 immediately and 3 hours after the activity in relation to the resting time in young wrestlers, although no significant difference was observed in adding glutamine to carbohydrates.
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این آزمایش برای بررسی اثرات تزریق داخل تخم مرغی گلوتامین بر صفات جوجه درآوری، عملکرد رشد، فعالیتهای آنزیمی دستگاه گوارش، پاسخ سیستم ایمنی و برخی فراسنجههای خونی جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. برای این مطالعه، 2100 عدد تخم مرغ از گله 43 هفتگی تهیه شد. ال-گلوتامین (10، 20، More
این آزمایش برای بررسی اثرات تزریق داخل تخم مرغی گلوتامین بر صفات جوجه درآوری، عملکرد رشد، فعالیتهای آنزیمی دستگاه گوارش، پاسخ سیستم ایمنی و برخی فراسنجههای خونی جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. برای این مطالعه، 2100 عدد تخم مرغ از گله 43 هفتگی تهیه شد. ال-گلوتامین (10، 20، 30، 40 و 50 میلیگرم محلول در 0.5 میلیلیتر آب دیونیزه) در روز چهاردهم انکوباسیون در داخل آلبومین تزریق شد. جوجه درآوری، عملکرد رشد، فعالیتهای آنزیمی دستگاه گوارش (آمیلاز و لیپاز)، پاسخ سیستم ایمنی و فراسنجههای خونی (گلوکز، کلسترول، تریگلیسیرید، HDL، LDL، پروتیین کل و آلکالین فسفاتاز) در طول آزمایش مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. وزن جوجههای تازه تفریخ شده در گروه تزریق­ شده با گلوتامین نسبت به گروههای شاهد به طور معنیداری افزایش یافت. اما تزریق داخل تخم ­مرغی باعث کاهش جوجه درآوری (13.1 درصد نسبت به گروه تخم مرغهای بدون تزریق) شد (0.05>P). جوجههای حاصل از تزریق داخل تخم ­مرغی گلوتامین افزایش وزن بدن و ضریب تبدیل غذایی بهتری را نسبت به گروههای شاهد نشان دادند (در سن 42-0 روزگی). تزریق داخل تخم ­مرغی گلوتامین غلظت گلوکز، درصد لنفوسیت و هتروفیل و وزن طحال و بورس فابریسیوس در جوجههای تازه تفریخ شده را به طور معنیداری افزایش داد. به علاوه، ایمنوگلوبولینهای G و Mدر جوجههای تیمار شده با 20، 30، 40 و 50 میلیگرم گلوتامین در سن 26 روزگی جوجههای گوشتی به طور معنیداری افزایش داشت. در نتیجه، تزریق داخل تخم ­مرغی سطوح مختلف گلوتامین پاسخ سیستم ایمنی و عملکرد رشد جوجههای گوشتی را بهبود داد.
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مطالعه حاضر با تأکید بر توان دفاعی گلوتامین بر وضعیت آنتیاکسیدانی پلاسما و کبد، تغییرات سطوح پراکسیداسیون چربی(MDA)، وضعیت آنتیاکسیدانی کل پلاسما (TAS) و فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدان (SOD) و آنزیم وابسته به گلوتاتیون (GPX) در پلاسما و کبد جوجههای گوشتی در گیر با سند More
مطالعه حاضر با تأکید بر توان دفاعی گلوتامین بر وضعیت آنتیاکسیدانی پلاسما و کبد، تغییرات سطوح پراکسیداسیون چربی(MDA)، وضعیت آنتیاکسیدانی کل پلاسما (TAS) و فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدان (SOD) و آنزیم وابسته به گلوتاتیون (GPX) در پلاسما و کبد جوجههای گوشتی در گیر با سندرم آسیت، انجام شد. نمونه برداری از خون و بافت کبد در روزهای 21 و 42 انجام شد. در پایان آزمایش، از هر قفس، 2 جوجه، به طور تصادفی انتخاب شده و بعد از کشتار، قبل آنها برداشته شد و بطن راست و بطن چپ از ناحیه سپتوم، جدا گشته و نسبت بطن راست به کل بطنها (RV/TV)، نیز محاسبه گشت. میانگین خوراک مصرفی، افزایش وزن حاصله و ضریب تبدیل غذایی نیز به طور هفتگی، از روز 15، اندازهگیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که، مکملسازی گلوتامین سبب بهبود ضریب تبدیل غذایی شد (05/0P<). علاوه بر این، مکملسازی گلوتامین در پرندگان آسیتی، سبب کاهش معنیدار MDA در پلاسما و بافت کبد گشت. همچنین، گلوتامین، سبب افزایش هم زمان فعالیت آنزیم GPX در پلاسما و بافت کبد شد. فعالیت آنزیم SOD در پلاسما و کبد، به طور معنیداری تحت تأثیر گلوتامین قرار نگرفت (05/0P>). علاوه بر این، مکملسازی گلوتامین، سبب کاهش معنیدار تلفات آسیتی و RV / TV شد.
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