The effect of a session of intense resistance activity with glutamine supplementation on the relative expression of myogenin and myosin creatine kinase genes in the fast-twitch muscle fibers of adult male Wistar rats.
Subject Areas :
mansoor
mottahedi
1
(PhD Student in the Department of Sports Physiology and Sports Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch, Damghan, Iran.)
Tahereh
Bagherpoor
2
(Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch)
َArdeshir
Zafari
3
(Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Arts, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran.)
nematallah
nemati
4
(Islamic azad university damghan)
Received: 2023-04-28
Accepted : 2023-06-08
Published : 2023-07-23
Keywords:
myosin creatine kinase,
glutamine,
Myogenin gene,
intense resistance training,
Abstract :
Background & Aim: Despite the importance of resistance protocol and glutamine on hypertrophy, their effect on myogenic genes expression process is still unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of an intense resistance session with glutamine on Myogenin and Myosin creatine kinase gene expression in male Wistar rats. Materials & Methods: 30 8-week-old male rats with an approximate weight of 220±20 were prepared and divided into three groups, control, intense resistance training, and intense resistance training with glutamine, in a simple random manner. The training groups participated in a resistance session of climbing the ramp with 4 sets, 5 repetitions, 30 seconds of rest between repetitions and 2 minutes of rest between sets. Glutamine was once a day powder dissolved in 100 cc of distilled water at a dose of 5.5 grams per kilogram of body weight every day for 5 days. The Extensor Digitorum long muscle tissue was sent to the relevant laboratory to study the expression of Myogenin and Myosin creatine kinase genes. The relative fold change method was used to check gene expression data at a significance level of 5%.
Results: The gene expression results showed that myogenin and myosin creatine kinase gene expression levels increased significantly as a result of a high-intensity resistance training session with glutamine compared to the control group, and this value was more pronounced in the resistance training group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that an intense resistance training session is more effective than glutamine on the increase of myogenic genes.
References:
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Hou Y-C, Wu J-M, Chen K-Y, Wu M-H, Yang P-J, Lee P-C, et al. Glutamine and leucine administration attenuates muscle atrophy in sepsis. Life Sciences. 2023;314:121327.
Cruzat V, Macedo Rogero M, Noel Keane K, Curi R, Newsholme P. Glutamine: metabolism and immune function, supplementation and clinical translation. Nutrients. 2018;10(11):1564.
Zhao Y, Albrecht E, Stange K, Li Z, Schregel J, Sciascia QL, et al. Glutamine supplementation stimulates cell proliferation in skeletal muscle and cultivated myogenic cells of low birth weight piglets. Scientific 2021;11(1):13432.
Li Z, Sciascia QL, Görs S, Nguyen N, Baghal FR, Schregel J, et al. Glutamine supplementation moderately affects growth, plasma metabolite and free amino acid patterns in neonatal low birth weight piglets. British Journal of Nutrition. 2022;128(12):2330-40.
Shamim B, Hawley JA, Camera DM. Protein availability and satellite cell dynamics in skeletal muscle. Sports Medicine. 2018;48:1329-43.
Hunter DJ, James LS, Hussey B, Ferguson RA, Lindley MR, Mastana SS. Impacts of Eccentric Resistance Exercise on DNA Methylation of Candidate Genes for Inflammatory Cytokines in Skeletal Muscle and Leukocytes of Healthy Males. Genes. 2023;14(2):478.
Gjevestad GO, Hamarsland H, Raastad T, Ottestad I, Christensen JJ, Eckardt K, et al. Gene expression is differentially regulated in skeletal muscle and circulating immune cells in response to an acute bout of high-load strength exercise. Genes & nutrition. 2017;12(1):1-11.
Chen Z, Zhao T-J, Li J, Gao Y-S, Meng F-G, Yan Y-B, et al. Slow skeletal muscle myosin-binding protein-C (MyBPC1) mediates recruitment of muscle-type creatine kinase (CK) to myosin. Biochemical Journal. 2011;436(2):437-45.
Coqueiro AY, Raizel R, Bonvini A, Rogero MM, Tirapegui J. Effects of glutamine and alanine supplementation on muscle fatigue parameters of rats submitted to resistance training. Nutrition. 2019;65:131-7.
Baird MF, Graham SM, Baker JS, Bickerstaff GF. Creatine-kinase-and exercise-related muscle damage implications for muscle performance and Journal of nutrition and metabolism. 2012;2012.
Damghan I. The Eeffect of a Resistance Training Course with Spirulina Supplementation and Glutamine Supplementation on Gene Expression (MyoD) in the Long Extensor Muscle of Male Mice. J Med Sci. 2021;28(12):309-18.
Caldow MK, Thomas EE, Dale MJ, Tomkinson GR, Buckley JD, Cameron‐Smith D. Early myogenic responses to acute exercise before and after resistance training in young men. Physiological reports. 2015;3(9):e12511.
Wilborn CD, Taylor LW, Greenwood M, Kreider RB, Willoughby DS. Effects of different intensities of resistance exercise on regulators of myogenesis. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2009;23(8):2179-87.
Britto FA, Gnimassou O, De Groote E, Balan E, Warnier G, Everard A, et al. Acute environmental hypoxia potentiates satellite cell‐dependent myogenesis in response to resistance exercise through the inflammation pathway in human. The FASEB Journal. 2020;34(1):1885-900.
Yang Y, Creer A, Jemiolo B, Trappe S. Time course of myogenic and metabolic gene expression in response to acute exercise in human skeletal muscle. Journal of applied physiology. 2005;98(5):1745-52.
Watson EL, Viana JL, Wimbury D, Martin N, Greening NJ, Barratt J, et al. The effect of resistance exercise on inflammatory and myogenic markers in patients with chronic kidney disease. Frontiers in physiology. 2017;8:541.
Ziyaiyan A, Kordi M, Hofmeister M, Chamari K, Moalla W, Gaeini AA. High-intensity circuit training change serum myostatin but not myogenin in adolescents’ soccer players: a quasi-experimental study. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2023;15(1):15.
Afsharnezhad Roudsari T, Amani A. The effects of resistance training on muscle strength, hypertrophy and myogenin protein level of gastrocnemius in elderly rats. Journal of Practical Studies of Biosciences in Sport. 2019;7(14):31-44.
Zumbaugh MD, Johnson SE, Shi TH, Gerrard DE. Molecular and biochemical regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism. Journal of Animal Science. 2022;100(8):skac035.
Bickel CS, Slade J, Mahoney E, Haddad F, Dudley GA, Adams GR. Time course of molecular responses of human skeletal muscle to acute bouts of resistance exercise. Journal of applied physiology. 2005;98(2):482-8.
Mackey AL, Holm L, Reitelseder S, Pedersen T, Doessing S, Kadi F, et al. Myogenic response of human skeletal muscle to 12 weeks of resistance training at light loading intensity. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 2011;21(6):773-8
Joanisse S, Gillen JB, Bellamy LM, McKay BR, Tarnopolsky MA, Gibala MJ, et al. Evidence for the contribution of muscle stem cells to nonhypertrophic skeletal muscle remodeling in humans. The FASEB Journal. 2013;27(11):4596.
Girven M, Dugdale HF, Owens DJ, Hughes DC, Stewart CE, Sharples AP. l‐glutamine Improves Skeletal Muscle Cell Differentiation and Prevents Myotube Atrophy After Cytokine (TNF‐α) Stress Via Reduced p38 MAPK Signal Transduction. Journal of cellular physiology. 2016;231(12):2720-32.
Koike TE, Dell Aquila RA, Silva KS, Aoki MS, Miyabara EH. Glutamine supplementation improves contractile function of regenerating soleus muscles from rats. Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility. 2022;43(2):87-97.
Khajehlandi M, Janbozorgi M. Effect of one session of resistance training with and without blood flow restriction on serum levels of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase in female athletes. Journal of Clinical and Basic Research. 2018;2(2):5-10.
de Castro A, Vianna JM, Damasceno V, de Matos Filho D. Muscle recovery after a session of resistance training monitored through serum creatine kinase. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online. 2011;14(5):38-45.
Koch A, Pereira R, Machado M. The creatine kinase response to resistance exercise. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2014;14(1):68-77.
Fridén J, Lieber RL. Serum creatine kinase level is a poor predictor of muscle function after injury. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports: Short communication. 2001 Apr;11(2):126-7.
Córdova-Martínez A, Caballero-García A, Bello HJ, Pérez-Valdecantos D, Roche E. Effect of glutamine supplementation on muscular damage biomarkers in professional basketball players. Nutrients. 2021;13(6):2073.
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Joanisse S, Lim C, McKendry J, Mcleod JC, Stokes T, Phillips SM. Recent advances in understanding resistance exercise training-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy in humans. F1000Research. 2020;9.
Hou Y-C, Wu J-M, Chen K-Y, Wu M-H, Yang P-J, Lee P-C, et al. Glutamine and leucine administration attenuates muscle atrophy in sepsis. Life Sciences. 2023;314:121327.
Cruzat V, Macedo Rogero M, Noel Keane K, Curi R, Newsholme P. Glutamine: metabolism and immune function, supplementation and clinical translation. Nutrients. 2018;10(11):1564.
Zhao Y, Albrecht E, Stange K, Li Z, Schregel J, Sciascia QL, et al. Glutamine supplementation stimulates cell proliferation in skeletal muscle and cultivated myogenic cells of low birth weight piglets. Scientific 2021;11(1):13432.
Li Z, Sciascia QL, Görs S, Nguyen N, Baghal FR, Schregel J, et al. Glutamine supplementation moderately affects growth, plasma metabolite and free amino acid patterns in neonatal low birth weight piglets. British Journal of Nutrition. 2022;128(12):2330-40.
Shamim B, Hawley JA, Camera DM. Protein availability and satellite cell dynamics in skeletal muscle. Sports Medicine. 2018;48:1329-43.
Hunter DJ, James LS, Hussey B, Ferguson RA, Lindley MR, Mastana SS. Impacts of Eccentric Resistance Exercise on DNA Methylation of Candidate Genes for Inflammatory Cytokines in Skeletal Muscle and Leukocytes of Healthy Males. Genes. 2023;14(2):478.
Gjevestad GO, Hamarsland H, Raastad T, Ottestad I, Christensen JJ, Eckardt K, et al. Gene expression is differentially regulated in skeletal muscle and circulating immune cells in response to an acute bout of high-load strength exercise. Genes & nutrition. 2017;12(1):1-11.
Chen Z, Zhao T-J, Li J, Gao Y-S, Meng F-G, Yan Y-B, et al. Slow skeletal muscle myosin-binding protein-C (MyBPC1) mediates recruitment of muscle-type creatine kinase (CK) to myosin. Biochemical Journal. 2011;436(2):437-45.
Coqueiro AY, Raizel R, Bonvini A, Rogero MM, Tirapegui J. Effects of glutamine and alanine supplementation on muscle fatigue parameters of rats submitted to resistance training. Nutrition. 2019;65:131-7.
Baird MF, Graham SM, Baker JS, Bickerstaff GF. Creatine-kinase-and exercise-related muscle damage implications for muscle performance and Journal of nutrition and metabolism. 2012;2012.
Damghan I. The Eeffect of a Resistance Training Course with Spirulina Supplementation and Glutamine Supplementation on Gene Expression (MyoD) in the Long Extensor Muscle of Male Mice. J Med Sci. 2021;28(12):309-18.
Caldow MK, Thomas EE, Dale MJ, Tomkinson GR, Buckley JD, Cameron‐Smith D. Early myogenic responses to acute exercise before and after resistance training in young men. Physiological reports. 2015;3(9):e12511.
Wilborn CD, Taylor LW, Greenwood M, Kreider RB, Willoughby DS. Effects of different intensities of resistance exercise on regulators of myogenesis. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2009;23(8):2179-87.
Britto FA, Gnimassou O, De Groote E, Balan E, Warnier G, Everard A, et al. Acute environmental hypoxia potentiates satellite cell‐dependent myogenesis in response to resistance exercise through the inflammation pathway in human. The FASEB Journal. 2020;34(1):1885-900.
Yang Y, Creer A, Jemiolo B, Trappe S. Time course of myogenic and metabolic gene expression in response to acute exercise in human skeletal muscle. Journal of applied physiology. 2005;98(5):1745-52.
Watson EL, Viana JL, Wimbury D, Martin N, Greening NJ, Barratt J, et al. The effect of resistance exercise on inflammatory and myogenic markers in patients with chronic kidney disease. Frontiers in physiology. 2017;8:541.
Ziyaiyan A, Kordi M, Hofmeister M, Chamari K, Moalla W, Gaeini AA. High-intensity circuit training change serum myostatin but not myogenin in adolescents’ soccer players: a quasi-experimental study. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2023;15(1):15.
Afsharnezhad Roudsari T, Amani A. The effects of resistance training on muscle strength, hypertrophy and myogenin protein level of gastrocnemius in elderly rats. Journal of Practical Studies of Biosciences in Sport. 2019;7(14):31-44.
Zumbaugh MD, Johnson SE, Shi TH, Gerrard DE. Molecular and biochemical regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism. Journal of Animal Science. 2022;100(8):skac035.
Bickel CS, Slade J, Mahoney E, Haddad F, Dudley GA, Adams GR. Time course of molecular responses of human skeletal muscle to acute bouts of resistance exercise. Journal of applied physiology. 2005;98(2):482-8.
Mackey AL, Holm L, Reitelseder S, Pedersen T, Doessing S, Kadi F, et al. Myogenic response of human skeletal muscle to 12 weeks of resistance training at light loading intensity. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 2011;21(6):773-8
Joanisse S, Gillen JB, Bellamy LM, McKay BR, Tarnopolsky MA, Gibala MJ, et al. Evidence for the contribution of muscle stem cells to nonhypertrophic skeletal muscle remodeling in humans. The FASEB Journal. 2013;27(11):4596.
Girven M, Dugdale HF, Owens DJ, Hughes DC, Stewart CE, Sharples AP. l‐glutamine Improves Skeletal Muscle Cell Differentiation and Prevents Myotube Atrophy After Cytokine (TNF‐α) Stress Via Reduced p38 MAPK Signal Transduction. Journal of cellular physiology. 2016;231(12):2720-32.
Koike TE, Dell Aquila RA, Silva KS, Aoki MS, Miyabara EH. Glutamine supplementation improves contractile function of regenerating soleus muscles from rats. Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility. 2022;43(2):87-97.
Khajehlandi M, Janbozorgi M. Effect of one session of resistance training with and without blood flow restriction on serum levels of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase in female athletes. Journal of Clinical and Basic Research. 2018;2(2):5-10.
de Castro A, Vianna JM, Damasceno V, de Matos Filho D. Muscle recovery after a session of resistance training monitored through serum creatine kinase. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online. 2011;14(5):38-45.
Koch A, Pereira R, Machado M. The creatine kinase response to resistance exercise. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2014;14(1):68-77.
Fridén J, Lieber RL. Serum creatine kinase level is a poor predictor of muscle function after injury. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports: Short communication. 2001 Apr;11(2):126-7.
Córdova-Martínez A, Caballero-García A, Bello HJ, Pérez-Valdecantos D, Roche E. Effect of glutamine supplementation on muscular damage biomarkers in professional basketball players. Nutrients. 2021;13(6):2073.
