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Open Access Article
1 - Waterfronts in Andalusia Belvedere Gardens; from Al-Zahra to Al-Hamra
Afife Khadangi Abdolrahim GhanavatUsing water in architecture, along with providing the facility, had a great impact on the architectural design and beauty. In belvedere gardens of Andalus water used in different shapes such as pools, fountains and rivers with exquisite designs. During 10th to 15th cent MoreUsing water in architecture, along with providing the facility, had a great impact on the architectural design and beauty. In belvedere gardens of Andalus water used in different shapes such as pools, fountains and rivers with exquisite designs. During 10th to 15th century particular styles of fountains are used that were operational as well as decorative. This research studies and compares the aesthetics changes of the patterns and elements of belvedere gardens that were constructed during the period. References Barrucand, Marianne & Bednorz, Achim, Mimārī- yi Islāmī dar Andalus(Moorish Architecture in Andalusia (Big Series: Architecture and Design), Trans. Faezeh dini, Tehran, Iranian Academy of the Arts, 1386/ 2007. Blair, Sheila & Bloom, Jonathan, Hunar wa Mimārī- yi Islāmī(2)(The art and architecture of Islam), Trans. Azhand Yaghoub, SAMT, Iranian Academy of the Arts, 1381/ 2002. Būtshīsh, Ibrāhīm al- Ḳādirī, “al- Djāmāliyya Fī al- Munshaʾāt al- Miʿmāriyya al- Māʾiyya bi- Madīnat Gharnāta”, International Scientific Conference Entitled: "al- Fann fī al- Fikr al- Islāmī", Saʿīd b. Ḥamāda, Oman, Jordan, International Institute of Islamic Thought, 1433 AH/ 2012 AD. Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar& Moin, Mohammad, Lughat-nāma, University of Tehran Press (UTP), Dehkhoda Lexicon Institute & International Center for Persian Studies, 1337/ 1958. Dhahabī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad, Tarikh al- Islām wa wafayāt (ṭabaḳāt) al- mashāhīr wa l- alām, Revised by ʿUmar ʿAbd al- Salām Tadmurī, Vol. 2, Beirut, Dār al- Kitāb al- ʿArabī, 1993 AH/ 1413 AD. al- Djamal, Muḥammad, “Munshaʾāt Salāṭīn Banī Naṣr fī Ḳuṣūr al- Ḥamrāʾ”, Instituto Egipcio de Estudios Islámicos en Madrid, No. 28, 1996/ 1374. Donis A., Dondis, Mabādī- yi Sawad Baṣrī (A Primer of Visual Literacy), Trans. Masoud Sepehr, Surūsh, Tehran, 1390/ 2011. Fatḥ b. Khāḳān, Ḳalāid al- Iḳyān, (Und), (Und.). Golomberk, Lisa, “From Timur to TivoliI: reflections on Il Giadino All Italiana”, Muqarnas, Necipoglu, Gulru, V.15, Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands, copyright 1001. Ibn Zaydūn, Dīwān- i Ibn Zaydūn wa Rasāla, Revised by ʿAlī ʿAbd al- ʿAẓīm, Dar Misr For Printing, 1957/ 1335. Jafari, Bahram, "al- Ḥamrāʾ čashm- Andāzī az Tamaddunī ʿAẓīm", Kiyhān- i Farhangī, No.111, Vol.11, Tehran, Tīr/ June 1373/ 1993. Lehrman, Jonas, Eaethly Paradise(Garden and Courtyard in Islam), Berkeley and Los Angeless,University of California Press, 2910. al- Maḳḳarī al- Tilimsānī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad, Nafḥ al- Ṭīb Min Ghuṣn al- Andalus al- Raṭīb, Dār al- Fikr, Beirut, 1419 AD. Moore, Charles Willard, Āb wa Mimārī (Water and Architecture), Trans. Hoda Alamolhoda, Sāzmān- i Mīrāth Farhangī- yi Kishwar, Muʿāwinat- i Farhangī wa Āmūzish, 1381/ 2002. Pries, Christine, Tarīkh- i Hunar- i Islāmī (The story of Moslem Art), Trans. Masoud Rajab Nia, Vol. 2, Tehran, Amīrkabīr, 2535 Shāhanshāhī. Tabbaa, Yasser, “The Medieval Islamic Garden: Typology and Hydraulics”, Garden History: Issues, Approaches, Methods, John Dixon Hunt, Washington, Harvard University, 1992. Zakī, Yaʿḳūb, (Dickie, James), "Bāgh- i Ispāniyyāyi ʿArabī: Tawḍīḥātī Darbāra- yi Gūna- Shināsī", Trans. MohammadTaghi Akbari, Mīrāth- i Ispāniyyā- yi Musalmān(The legacy of muslim spain- Salma khadra jayyusi), Salma Khadra Jayyusi(as Supervisor), Translations of European languages, Vol. 1, Islamic Research Foundation of Astane Quds Razavi, 1380/ 2001. Referencing Visuals: Images & Maps http://www.alhambradegranada.org/en/info/placesandspots/courtofthemyrtles.asp.(2013/2/26) http://www.artencordoba.co.uk/MADINAT-AL-ZAHRA/Medina-Azahara-Cordoba-Archeological-site-pool-house.html. (2011/1/24) http://www.essential-architecture.com/SP-GR/GR-006.htm (2016/12/01) http://gardenin.ru/islamic_gardens.html. (2011/7/12) http://www.martingracephotography.com/?search=Nasrid+dynasty. (2013/3/17) http://www.photaki.es/foto-jardin-del-crucero-casa-de-la-contratacion-sevilla_303803.htm https://www.pinterest.com/anachelista/al-andalus-las-invasiones-almor%C3%A1vides-almohades-y (2016/12/01) http://www.qantara-med.org/qantara4/public/show_document.php?do.(2011/22/9) http://rolfgross.dreamhosters.com/Islam-Web/Chapter3103.htm. (2011/21/23) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court_of_the_Lions Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Participation of Mental Patients in the Process of Designing Curative Gardens to Increase the Social Stability in Therapeutic Centers
Arezoo Ali abbaszadeh rezaii Leila Medghalchi Farzin HaghparastDue to the innate tendency of human beings to interact with nature and the significant effects of communication with nature in the human soul and body, human beings have always sought to create a logical and appropriate relationship between indoor space and outdoor natu MoreDue to the innate tendency of human beings to interact with nature and the significant effects of communication with nature in the human soul and body, human beings have always sought to create a logical and appropriate relationship between indoor space and outdoor nature. The quality of natural environments not only is not limited to the health and well-being of individuals, but it also provides their spiritual and psychological needs, paves the way for development and progress, identity formation, and extraction of various environmental experiences such as fun, vitality, and mind retrieval. Healing is a term that repeatedly seeks to enhance human comfort in the natural landscape. It is a quality that encompasses both body and mind, and generally refers to the spatial nature that cares about human health and improves it directly affects the human psyche. There are two common types of green space with healing properties: sensory gardens, which offer passive health benefits, and therapeutic (physical) gardens provide active relief. Along with the formation of human societies, the phenomenon of participation has emerged in order to strengthen social relations regarding the diversity of attitudes and schools. The definition of social sustainability refers to four key elements: social justice (meaning equal opportunities and human rights for all people, both now and for future generations), social solidarity (meaning empathy), participation (meaning providing opportunities for each individual in society so that each person can improve their quality of life) and security (meaning providing security in livelihood and Against natural hazards). Nowadays, stress is the cause of mental disorders in society. Due to the fact that a large number of people face a lack of medical centers appropriate to their moods, their needs, and using concepts related to social sustainability, the design of medical spaces can be solved by involving the audience according to their wishes. In the present study, by using qualitative strategy and using library studies, and applying the description-analysis method and effective components of the healing garden in improving patients. To determine the participation approach, the relationship of each component with the type of patient participation was identified through study and conclusion, which identified four types of participation approaches. First, in the planning stage, by selecting operating groups with an interpretive approach based on evidence-based design, the wishes and needs of patients are identified. Then, in cases of components that need to get enough information from patients, information is obtained through various tools such as questionnaires, interviews, etc. In the design stage, by reviewing the initial solutions and ideas obtained from the planning stage, using the regionalism approach to the indigenous cultural and historical features of the region, along with the universal design, which refers to the free and flexible design, to all tastes. The right answer will be given and the final product will be obtained with collective ideas. In all these approaches, the type of patient participation due to their specificity and personal limitations of individuals is indirectly discussed in the plan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Relationship between Spectator and Green Sceneries in Persian Gardens; Investigating the Differentiation Dimensions (Utilitarian and Pleasure Sceneries)
SEYYEDMOHAMMADREZA KHALILNEZHAD Mohammad Ali BidokhtiIntroduction: Structurally speaking, beyond the productive and decorative functions of plants as the main elements of the garden, they have the significant role in shaping the relationship of viewer and the interior landscape of the garden. Material and Methods: This a MoreIntroduction: Structurally speaking, beyond the productive and decorative functions of plants as the main elements of the garden, they have the significant role in shaping the relationship of viewer and the interior landscape of the garden. Material and Methods: This article under the comparative surveys will discuss the relationship of spectator and the interior sceneries of the historical gardens and the effect of plant order on the quality of visual system. The case gardens studies are: Akbariye, Amir Abad, Bahlgerd, Rahim Abad, Shahzadeh, Pahlavanpour, Dolat Abad, and Fin. Those gardens have been studied and compared based on the connection between onlooker and green appearance from the severally potential viewpoints. Furthermore, based on the separation of fruitful and ornamental greenery in Persian gardens, all of studies and comparison have been conducted in two main sections for each of the above mentioned landscape types. Result and discussion: In Persian gardens, the quality of connection of visitor to the productive sceneries and pleasure landscapes is different. The physical access of public visitors to the productive fields was managed, especially in ceremonial gardens The contemporary conversion (managed or unwanted) of the planting system has undesirable effects on the quality and variety of connection the spectator-scenery, and will decline the genuine differentiation of the connectedness of visitor to the edible and pleasure sceneries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - A survey on the significance of designing the healing gardens in campuses sites to enhance spatial desirability: The case of University of Sistan and Baluchestan
Peiman Golchin mohsen kafi Niloofar SaraniBackground and Objectives: The main objective of this research is to investigate the importance and impact of the presence of healing gardens in the campus on the spatial desirability and the mental health of its users. This research focuses on the campus of University MoreBackground and Objectives: The main objective of this research is to investigate the importance and impact of the presence of healing gardens in the campus on the spatial desirability and the mental health of its users. This research focuses on the campus of University of Sistan and Baluchestan.Material and Methodology: In this research, a descriptive- analytical method is used. The necessary Data needed for research were collected using library sources, field survey and a questionnaire. Then, out of 24 gardens in the campus, six were selected as the study cases. The statistical sample was calculated by Cochran’s formula to be 376 individuals in order to prepare a questionnaire and data analysis. In the next phase, the data derived from questionnaires were analyzed and the results were organized in separate tables and charts.Findings: According to the findings, Kuhestan Garden is the most effective and Western Qaem Garden is the least effective healing garden in order to improve the spatial desirability of the University of Sistan and Baluchestan campus. Among the five studied criteria, the participants selected ‘diverse and rich vegetation as the most important criterion effective for the use of a garden by its users and also for the improvement of spatial desirability of the campus. The results show that most of users believe that the presence of healing gardens and natural landscapes on the campus have a positive impact on their mental and psychological health. They also believe that these gardens are a source of motivation for better learning of the educational materials and a mean for improving their grades.Discussion and Conclusion: The findings lead us to the conclusion that the designing and construction of healing gardens on the campus can have positive impacts on the mental health of the users via enhancing the visual quality and the desirability of the campus. Therefore, the design and construction of healing gardens and natural landscapes in Universities campus are highly recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Surveying the Users’ Preferences of Urban Public Entrance Spaces with Emphasis on Environmental Criteria Case Study: )Traditional Gardens around the Eastern entrance of Qazvin)
Maryam Qasemi tabar mohammad reza khatibiBackground and Objectives: Planning regardless of the different dimensions of the urban entrances, has caused the aggregation incompatible land uses, scattered and worthless buildings, widespread and soulless streets in the main city entrance axes. Since the urban entra MoreBackground and Objectives: Planning regardless of the different dimensions of the urban entrances, has caused the aggregation incompatible land uses, scattered and worthless buildings, widespread and soulless streets in the main city entrance axes. Since the urban entrance is the first urban space that people deal with and creates the first image of a city among residents and newcomers; therefore, attention to the user preferences of the urban entrance spaces and its qualities with emphasis on environmental criteria is very important and needs to be regulated. Considering the capacity of the traditional gardens around the eastern entrance of Qazvin and the visual significance of the city entrance axis, this research, is specifically looking at the effects of environmental criteria on the users’ selection and preference of the city entrance axis. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical nature with matter of survey.Material and Methodology: In this present study, 30 expert questionnaires were distributed in urban organizations and finally, by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), overall criteria and sub-criteria were weighted and prioritized.Findings: The results show that the most important criteria in terms of urban experts in order to increase the users’ preferences from the urban entrance spaces is related to Readability criterion. Subsequently, the Vitality, Sense of invitation, Individuation, and Environmental Health criteria are respectively in the users’ preferences of the urban entrance spaces.Discussion and Conclusion: The status of each qualitative criteria of user preferences from entrance space in traditional gardens of the eastern entrance of the Qazvin has been surveyed and finally, some suggestions have been made to improve the quality of entrance through entrance sequences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Evaluation of Effective Ecological Design Criteria on Designing Chehelsetoon Garden
vahid heidarnattaj Ferial AhmadiBackground and Objective: The current study is applied to assess structural elements of landscape mosaic of Chehelsetoon garden to identify whether ecological design criteria have influenced on Chehelsetoon garden design or not.Material and Methodology: Descriptive- ana MoreBackground and Objective: The current study is applied to assess structural elements of landscape mosaic of Chehelsetoon garden to identify whether ecological design criteria have influenced on Chehelsetoon garden design or not.Material and Methodology: Descriptive- analytical has been used in three steps. Firstly, design criteria of Persian gardens have been studied. Secondly, design features of Chehelsetoon garden have been analyzed and compared with Persian garden criteria. Then adaption degree of design features of Chehelsetoon with Persian garden criteria has been determined.Findings: The results of the current research indicate that rectangular shapes are the main pattern of the landscape of studied area. In addition, continuous mass and rectangular shapes are recognized as the pattern of surrounding green spaces of the Chehelsetoon garden. It should be noted that green space of the main axis of garden is continuous strip patterns.Discussion and Conclusion: Using water in contrast with high humidity of the environment, land morphology intervention, incompatibility with vernacular landscape and using Persian garden pattern and planting non-native trees and flowers (evergreen trees) in the main axis of garden show that designer concentrate on developing Persian garden patters instead of ecological design criteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Comparative-Deductive Study of Pattern Language of Tehran Historic Urban Gardens (Case studies: Farah Abad Garden, Negarestan Garden & Masoudiyeh Garden)
Helma Habibi Khouzani Ali AkbariBackground and Objective: Interpretation of historic urban gardens as a text containing multilayer meanings, in order to creating a structure that meets the physical and spiritual needs of humans over the time, would be a reason for planning for new functional requireme MoreBackground and Objective: Interpretation of historic urban gardens as a text containing multilayer meanings, in order to creating a structure that meets the physical and spiritual needs of humans over the time, would be a reason for planning for new functional requirements in new urbanism. In this research, by assuming that the historic urban gardens have a readable and comprehensible pattern language in Persian’s gardening tradition, we attempted to recognize the pattern language of in Masoudiyeh Garden, Farah Abad Garden and Negarestan Garden. Method: In this study, research is "theoretical", the philosophical basis of research is interpretive, research approach is qualitative and research design is deductive-comparative. The method of data analysis is through the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the data gathering tools are library studies and survey research. Findings: Having reviewing the literature of research and determining the pattern language of the Persian gardens and weighting the patterns in the data analysis stage, the results showed that physical structure with a weight of 0.428 is more important than functional structure (0.334) and a spatial quality structure (0.238). In the overall results of the patterns and final weight of the adaptability of the pattern language of the gardens shows that Masoudiyeh Garden ranked the first with a weight of 0.436, and then the Farah Abad Garden (0.345) and Negarestan Garden (0.219) stands second and third.Discussion and Conclusion: In this way, the understanding the language of urban historic gardens can be a basis to respond to the needs of today’s circumstances. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Design Principles of Clinical Sites with Emphasis on Components of Healing gardens, Horticultural Therapy Spaces and The Persian Garden
Nazita zojaji Ali nikbakht Mohsen kafiBackground and Objective: Spending long time in the hospital environment, usually for patients, staff and visitors is stressful and unpleasant experience. In this study, we attempted to integrate principles of healing gardens, horticultural therapy and Persian gardens i MoreBackground and Objective: Spending long time in the hospital environment, usually for patients, staff and visitors is stressful and unpleasant experience. In this study, we attempted to integrate principles of healing gardens, horticultural therapy and Persian gardens in order to extract suitable criteria for designing therapeutic environments which provide peace of mind and wellbeing for the individuals present at these sites. We specially considered the cultural and climate specifications of Iran in developing the criteria. Method: Since, one of the main components of healing gardens and horticultural therapy spaces is their user-oriented nature. These spaces should be compatible with the interests and preferences of each society. Therefore, this study was carried out based on the methodology of combined strategies and case studies. Because of abundance of contents, in this paper, only the first part is discussed and the second part: “synthesis strategies” is explained in detailed in another paper. Results: In this study, principles of the Persian Garden, healing gardens and horticultural therapy was combined and then design principles of therapeutic environments with special emphasis on the comfort of users through the stimulation of the senses, simplicity, visual pleasure, increased social interaction, rehabilitation patients, etc. were developed. Conclusion: Although, the healing gardens have gained an extensive attention from different countries in recent years, this kind of gardens have not been implemented in Iran yet. Consequently, it seems that the combinationof Persian garden principles with healing sites design principles along with appropriate planting can create a peaceful and wellbeing place for patients, visitors and staff and leads to reduction of stress, increase of social interaction and life expectancy, and improving healing of users. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Presenting Strategies for the Revitalization of the Safavid Gardens of Behshahr, Emphasizing the Components of Green Landscape Design
Seyede Mohaddeseh Najafi Teroujeni Sara Nahibi Hossein Moosavi FatemiBackground and purpose: The historical garden needs protection due to its natural wealth, physical, historical and cultural values. The lands' historical landscapes remaining from the past are considered a symbol of the identity and civilization of its ancestors, which MoreBackground and purpose: The historical garden needs protection due to its natural wealth, physical, historical and cultural values. The lands' historical landscapes remaining from the past are considered a symbol of the identity and civilization of its ancestors, which gives meaning to life of its nation. The Safavid gardens of Behshahr are among the Iranian gardens built at the same time as the foundation of Ashraf Al-Balad city. This series has undergone many changes throughout history, and only a small part of it remains. Protecting and revitalizing the Safavid gardens in Behshahr is an action to promote the identity and revival of the native culture of this city and country.this research aims to identify the most significant components of urban green landscape design in the studied area and their applications in the design and revitalization of the historical gardens of this city. Research method: The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical and the information is collected through library and field studies. After completing the questionnaires, all the obtained information was analyzed through the Delphi method and SWOT analysis. Additionally, the site design criteria were extracted according to the research objectives. Findings: The most important factors affecting the revitalization of the urban green landscape are physical and functional, social, identity, environmental, landscape and visual, and historical factors. According to the findings of the research, identity factors were the most important influencing factors in the areas of Safavid gardens in Behshahr. Discussion and conclusion: Based on the studies of area knowledge and evaluation of experts' opinions, it is concluded that creating an authentic and lively space that meets the needs of visitors requires the basic design and revitalization of historical gardens, which have shaped the core of this city. The results show that this action improves urban life and identity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Checking the Unauthorized Use Arable Land and Gardens in Jurisprudence and Law
Mohammadali askari Ali mohammadianPopulation growth and development of the cities and the rising cost of land and irregular utilization of the land cause the good agricultural land Always consider by jobber and the change of use and shrinking the globe, remove them from the production cycle and cause se MorePopulation growth and development of the cities and the rising cost of land and irregular utilization of the land cause the good agricultural land Always consider by jobber and the change of use and shrinking the globe, remove them from the production cycle and cause severe damage to agricultural production. So the protection of agricultural lands, not only to support agricultural economics, but also to support the economy, it is imperative given the importance of agricultural lands, Parliament with proper understanding of the risks of changes in agricultural land use, in 1374 passed a law under the title: maintain agricultural lands and gardens, the law was later revised and amended. In this study, we try to critique and analysis of the law, answered to important questions what strategies and legal and effective legal in confronting unauthorized users by changing farm and orchard there. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Protection of Suburbs Gardens based on the Principles of Landscape Ecology Case Study: Sarab Qanbar Kermanshah
Sajjad ShamshiriBackground and Objective: Sprawl growth of the cities has different environmental impacts. This process leads to destruction of suburban agricultural land and marginal orchards. The devastation of suburb area not only influenced the area, but also it has different impac MoreBackground and Objective: Sprawl growth of the cities has different environmental impacts. This process leads to destruction of suburban agricultural land and marginal orchards. The devastation of suburb area not only influenced the area, but also it has different impacts on whole city. Sarab Qanbar gardens which located in the southern city of Kermanshah, is largely degraded as a result of urban Sprawl growth. While area protection is compulsory necessity due to the ecological services which provided by this area.Method: Landscape ecology framework were used to develop the area in order to achieve the mentioned goal. Therefore, first the appropriate landscape metrics were used. In the next stage, patches and corridors have been identified and analyzed based on field surveys. Ecological redesign was the final stage.Findings: The strategic design plan of the area was designed, which has been done based on strategic planning. Strategies were classified in four groups of protective, defensive, offensive and opportunistic. Each class determined based on patch and corridors characteristics and their interaction with context. Finally, actions and strategic plan were purposed protection and development of the area.Discussion and conclusion: The expansion of the city has led to the creation of disturbance patches in the region, On the other hand, natural patches tend to be crushed, Natural corridors face serious challenges. While the spread of disturbing corridors leads to changes in the structure of the landscape and the ecological fracture has intensified. The continuation of this process will lead to the destruction of these lands, which will have many consequences. Effective environmental design can be providing a proper framework based on the landscape ecology by defining the city's proper functions, it will protect these natural arenas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Recognition of the Effect of Mystical (Shiite) Thought on the Emergence of the Centrifugal Model of the Persian Garden Reference in the Architecture of Iranian Gardens
hosein moradinasabThere is a cosmological thinking in the imagination of Iranians in the form of an image that divides the space into four parts by four rivers with vertical axes, which is called the reference model of the Persian garden. Algebraic geometry was considered as a kind of re MoreThere is a cosmological thinking in the imagination of Iranians in the form of an image that divides the space into four parts by four rivers with vertical axes, which is called the reference model of the Persian garden. Algebraic geometry was considered as a kind of regular formation of nature, while these geometries were especially responsive to mystical and sacred structures. Since mystical language is the language of simile and allegory in Islamic art, especially during the Safavid period, the purpose of this study is to recognize the influence of mystical-Shiite thought on the emergence of a reference model in Iranian gardens. According to the theoretical foundation of the research, which is based on the Islamic Wisdom System, a combined method is used which consists of analysis of qualitative content and inferential reasoning which is tested in the historical context using determinative evidence and of course according to Due to the historical interpretive nature of some hypotheses, its orientation (study) will be explanatory-narrative, their interpretation is based on the content analysis of historical texts, combined with logical reasoning. In conclusion, The research findings show that the peak of Shiite mystical thinking in the unified system of Safavid government, the bedrock The centralist allegorical idea in the conclusion of the Persian garden as two intersecting axes perpendicular to each other around the middle pavilion with placement provided the pond at its heart to match the centrifugal geometry of the Iranian garden reference pattern. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - A Study of Common Concepts and Themes in Nahj al-Balaghah and Hadᾱiq Al-Anwᾱr
Saeed Farzanerad Maryam Shafiee TabanThe manuscript of Hadᾱiq Al-Anwᾱr is a detailed treatise on mysticism and monotheism, with a simple and sent prose by Mohammad Sadegh bin Mohammad Baqir Qomshami; who lived in the Qajar period and his work is one of the works of the literary return period. In the first MoreThe manuscript of Hadᾱiq Al-Anwᾱr is a detailed treatise on mysticism and monotheism, with a simple and sent prose by Mohammad Sadegh bin Mohammad Baqir Qomshami; who lived in the Qajar period and his work is one of the works of the literary return period. In the first chapter of the introduction, the author mentions his biography. The author has arranged his book in eight verses and each verse in several flowers and genealogies. In this edition, the author has brought many poems and anecdotes from other poets and writers. The anecdotes of the gardens of light are an example of fiction in Persian mystical prose texts. In this book, the author has expressed the educational, moral and mystical themes in the best way and has common themes with the thoughts of Imam Ali (AS) in Nahj al-Balaghah. Considering the historical and literary importance of this work, the author intends in this research to show the conceptual and content effectiveness of Mohammad Sadegh Qomshami from Nahj al-Balagheh in the creation of the book Hadᾱiq Al-Anwᾱr by a descriptive-comparative method and focusing on themes and ideas. Religious and moral issues deal with the main common themes of these two books, including piety and piety, justice and justice, avoidance of oppression and benevolence and benevolence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Analysis Policy-making of permaculture approach in urban planning
Azita Rajabi In recent decades, we have witnessed the rise of theorists in the areas of urban planning and urbanization to its nature and further revival, which is affected by the increasing global pollution and environmental concerns that More In recent decades, we have witnessed the rise of theorists in the areas of urban planning and urbanization to its nature and further revival, which is affected by the increasing global pollution and environmental concerns that have seriously threatened our planet in recent decades and led to sustainable urban development topics, with issues such as preventing local pollution, reducing the consumption of irreversible resources in the settlement consumption system. Human beings, especially cities, pay attention to recycling and reproduction of consumable resources, supporting environmental activities, etc. In this regard, permaculture approach with emphasis on sustainable urban agriculture culture as one of the newest approaches in the world has been considered by scientific circles and urban management. Permaculture movement is part of the biophilic or "nature-friendly city" movement, except that in this approach, emphasizing the cultivation of fruitful food species, waste recycling, reduction and saving of water and soil resources and energy resources, reducing urban waste and maximizing the usefulness due to "synergy among urban residents has been proposed and due to the ease of implementation strategies, it is one of the most important and executive strategies. The most available approaches of communities from environmental problems and the optimal link between the city and nature of the world are taken into account. In this paper, by researching reliable scientific databases, the conceptual analysis of the urban permaculture approach is and by identifying the characteristics and methods of implementing urban aperture based on the review-narrative method, it is attempted to achieve appropriate policy-making solutions based on its correct understanding. Extended AbstractIntroduction: In recent decades, we have witnessed the return of urban planning and urbanization theorists to its nature and further revival, a factor influenced by the increasing global pollution and environmental concerns which have extremely threatened our planet in recent years and led to the broaching of sustainable urban development topics, with issues such as: preventing local pollution and reducing the consumption of irreversible resources in the system of habitation. Human beings pay attention to recycling and reproduction of consumable resources, supporting environmental activities, etc. In this regard, permaculture approach emphasizing sustainable urban agricultural culture as one of the newest approaches in the world has been considered by scientific circles and urban management. One of the foremost capabilities of permaculture is its realization in various types of open and closed spaces, public and private, semi-public and semi-private urban and rural according to the concept of sustainable development, which means combining economic, social and environmental goals to maximize the welfare of the present human being without harming the ability of the next generations to meet their needs (QECD, 2001:11). The concept of permaculture design is the realization of ecological engineering programs "with emphasis on providing healthy food needs of citizens in their living environment and "culture based on environment or canvas" is available in the local settlement. The basis for this eco-ideological approach or "ideology-ecology" provided the basis for this view, which is entirely derived from the geographical perspective of agricultural production without the occurrence of environmental damages and by preserving moral values in both urban and rural spaces. Also, this approach can lead to the promotion of cultural and social exchanges of citizens at the urban level. It can be said that permaculture is in fact a combination of sustainable agriculture and a culture of living in an environmentally friendly way that can be viewed in all aspects of human habitation, from agriculture to ecological construction in cities to appropriate technology that combines an agricultural system and principles of social design. The concept of permaculture is considered one of the major approaches to the realization of sustainable development in urban and rural areas and an exit approach for third world societies from the environmental crises of their polluted cities, the permaculture movement is part of the biofilk or "nature-friendly city" movement, except that in this approach, the emphasis is on cultivating fruitful food species, recycling waste, reducing and saving the consumption of water and soil resources.Methodology: Given the fact that this article is a review article using valid scientific databases, a summary of preliminary and original studies in the field of urban permaculture based on newer articles and global resources has been discussed in this regard; by using new findings in the field of urban planning science based on nature-friendly city view, we present the realization of this issue to review valid articles. International books and opinions of global experts in this field and the summation and classification of the mentioned data in the form of strategy executive approaches are discussed in accordance with the conditions of the environment.Results and discussion: Permaculture is defined as an "excellent" form of organic gardening and as a design system for flexible living and land use based on global ethics and environmental design principles in cities and villages, based on the type of plant species planting within towns and villages, the edge spaces, their proximity and outside are divided into the following six areas: Zero zone within important urban centers, zone one of the closest areas of residential areas and garden zone of salad plants, medicinal plants, soft and delicate fruits (strawberries, strawberries), greenhouse plants, amplified area and vermicompost reservoirs. Permaculture 2nd zone edge range is dedicated to cultivation of perennial plants, fruit bushes and trees, vegetables, large reservoirs of compost, pumpkin and sweet potatoes with less care level. The third zone is dedicated to the cultivation of crops and fruit orchards for domestic and commercial purposes while the fourth zone is considered a quasi-savvy area, which outside the settlements and forage cultivation areas, groves, forests and wetlands, etc. Zone 5 includes wildlife, which is a genetic reservoir of wild species. The first three zones are completely related to human settlement lands and there are solutions for self-reliance of food, creating fun and fruitful green spaces and educating nature-friendly citizens, so the permaculture approach from reaching the stages of compost production at home and preventing waste destruction and utilization of non-drinking water and rainwater gray water to creating gardens in private and semi-public spaces and even public and social farms and farm schools and farm universities to "farm property" or farms in commercial centers can take effective steps towards social self-confidence, optimal consumption, environmental protection, nutrition improvement, cultural promotion of society with the lowest cost and highest productivity and in line with nature and based on health and prosperity brings.Conclusion: The most important results of the realization of urban permaculture strategy can be considered on the basis of the studies conducted by researchers in this field as follows:- Permaculture economic strategy is based on "productive city"; self-employment and economic self-sufficiency of urban neighborhoods, the ability to produce enough food for all people in their areas of life, without the need for external resources reduce the costs of providing food for families, especially low-income classes, and save the cost of providing healthy and fresh fruits and vegetables.- The environmental strategy of this approach is based on the multiple plants and even animal species and is based on biodiversity, biological control of pests, production of compost, conservation of nature, improvement of air and water pollutants, etc. And the ultimate realization becomes a "healthy city".- The social strategy of the city in this approach leads to the promotion of social exchanges in common areas and the exchange of experiences, unity and empathy, appropriate social education of different generations, social mobilization in the direction of healthy life and an intelligent and inclusive society, and by creating sustainable settlements in order to revitalize urban spaces, an effective and feasible step is possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Mechanisms of Rehabilitation Gardens for Stress and Mental Fatigue Reduction
Pooya Parvin -
Open Access Article
16 - Assessment of Almond (Pronus sp) Orchards Nutritional Balance utilizing Deviation from Optimum Percentage (DOP) Method on Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Province
Arezoo Ahmadzadeh Chaleshtori ebrahim panahpour Ramin Iranipour Abdolamir Moezzi -
Open Access Article
17 - Analyzing and Evaluating the Agricultural and Garden Land Areas, and the Land Use Changes using RS and GIS Technology
reyhane bahador Sayed Zain al-Abedin HosseiniEstimating and determining the area under cultivation of agricultural products are among theimportant aspects in planning and decisions making. Remote sensing data can provide usefulinformation in this regard to agricultural experts by identifying the type and determini MoreEstimating and determining the area under cultivation of agricultural products are among theimportant aspects in planning and decisions making. Remote sensing data can provide usefulinformation in this regard to agricultural experts by identifying the type and determining the croparea. In this research, agricultural land and garden areas as well as the land use changes wereevaluated by using Quickbird and Landsat images for 1984, 2003 and 2015 in Rudasht basin ofEsfahan. The required preprocessing was done on the images and then, the educational samples weretaken using GPS for classification by the maximum likelihood method and verifying theclassification. The geometric correction results for 1984 and 2003 images with acceptable RMSEwere 0.48 and 0.42 respectively. The image classification results of Landsat showed that theagricultural land and gardens areas are reduced by 1036.236 and 27.3146 hectares from 1984 to2015, and Quickbird images showed the reduction of 1036.236 and 119.8833 hectares from 2003 to2015. In estimating the Quickbird classification error for 2003 and 2015, the Kappa coefficient ofmaximum likelihood was 0.8576 and 0.8643 and for the years 1984 and 2015 were 0.7967 and0.8641 respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The Role of Irrigation System in Shaping Urban Planning in Safavid Cities, an Investigation into Ashraf al-Belād, Iran
Samira Mansouri Roudkoli Eisa Esfanjary Kenari homa Irani Behbahani -
Open Access Article
19 - The Gardens of Ghaznavids period : usages (according to the History of Beyhagi)
shahrzad sasanpourThe history of Beyhagi is not only one of the most famous Persian literary texts, But, in turn, it is an important source of cultural and social history of Iran in ghaznavids period. In this book, there are many entries about artists, architectural monuments and artwork MoreThe history of Beyhagi is not only one of the most famous Persian literary texts, But, in turn, it is an important source of cultural and social history of Iran in ghaznavids period. In this book, there are many entries about artists, architectural monuments and artworks including governmental and private gardens.This paper intend to study, from a social-cultural perspective, usages of gardens in this period. The main question of this research is whether the governmental gardens were built during this period only as a symbol of the glory of kings, to represent or they have other usages also. To answer this question, by examining the text, the relevant material was collected and classified and using descriptive-analytical method was set. The findings were organized in two parts: The first part, deals the garden features in the cities of Ghazni, Herat, Balkh, Nishapur, and the second part studies the usages of gardens from political, military, administrative, religious, sporting and recreational aspects of early Ghaznavids period Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Evaluation of the influential components of western architectural culture in the modern era on the physical and decorative structure of the Qajar period gardens of Shiraz.
fatemeh nekooeimehr hossein soltanzadeh shervin mirshahzadehDuring the Qajar period, due to Iran's relationship with other countries and the changes that occurred in the cultural and political fields, differences were also created in the thoughts, trends and styles of Iranian art and architecture. These effects, which were mostl MoreDuring the Qajar period, due to Iran's relationship with other countries and the changes that occurred in the cultural and political fields, differences were also created in the thoughts, trends and styles of Iranian art and architecture. These effects, which were mostly seen in the residential buildings of the nobility, have occurred in all the building components from the body to the decorations. This influence was to such an extent that at the end of the Nasrid period, the architectural style of the buildings was a fusion of the traditional architecture of Iran and the West. Therefore, the question is raised, what components of western culture and architecture have influenced the physical and decorative structure of the Qajar period garden mansion in Shiraz? Therefore, in the conducted research, it is tried to investigate the influence of Western architectural art and culture on them by examining the physical and decorative features of the Qajar era gardens in Shiraz city. The combined research design used in this research is the type of alignment design and convergent model. In the qualitative part, a case study Chaharbagh mansions related to the Qajar era in Shiraz city (Eram Bagh mansion, Afifabad Bagh mansion, Narenjestan Qavam Bagh mansion and Manshibashi Bagh mansion) has been done. The relevant data were collected through the researcher's visit and observation of the structures and the registration physical and decorative features in accordance with the research question. The analysis the findings showed that in decoration component, the results qualitative and quantitative findings support each other and show that the elements of western architecture are widely used in the decorative components of these buildings. At the same time, regarding the physical component, although the qualitative findings show the significant presence of western elements in the physical architecture of these buildings, according to the respondents, western architectural elements were seen to some extent in the volume composition and elements of these buildings, but they do not have a strong presence the body of the buildings compared to the decoration components. .As mentioned earlier, the art and architecture of the Qajar era, affected by the currents modernism and the changes and developments of modernism and westernism, took on a new shape and color, and the achievements the modern era can be clearly seen in the buildings and mansions this era. to be Although the Qajar architecture is derived from the traditional architecture of Iran, especially the architecture of the Safavid and Zandiya eras, but at the end of the Qajar era, the elements western architecture can be seen in all parts of the building, especially in the appearance of the building and decorations. Even the use of new materials that were used in Europe were also used abundantly in the buildings of this period.As seen in the theoretical foundations of the research, the art and architecture of the Qajar era was influenced by the art and architecture of the West and European countries, and the trends of the modernity and developments that were the results of the Western modernity era entered Iran in different ways during this period. The art and architecture of this era had an impact. These effects can be seen in the aristocratic houses and mansions built in the big cities of Iran such as Shiraz. In this research, the effects of western art and architecture were investigated in two areas, physical and decorative, in four mansions of Bagh Eshrafi in Shiraz city. First, it was found that physical factors such as extroversion, columns, capitals, and long and wide porches are among the western elements in the examined buildings, but almost all the decorative elements in the buildings are influenced by western art and architecture. They are combined with Iranian decorations.Therefore, according to the examination of the studied samples and the issues raised, it can be said about the influence of Western art and architecture on the architecture of the Qajar period mansions that the mansions built in the city of Shiraz during the Qajar era can be the most He observed the influence of western patterns, especially in the decoration of buildings, and it was such that the closer to the end of this era, the buildings were more oriented towards western architecture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Sociological analysis, Public sports, The elderly, gardens.
Iraj Rahmani Ali Baseri Akbar Afarinesh Bahram GhadimiThe purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize sociological analysis factors of Elderly community sport in gardens. The method of this study is qualitative and quantitative which is exploratory. The statistical population included seniors who had at least 2 ye MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize sociological analysis factors of Elderly community sport in gardens. The method of this study is qualitative and quantitative which is exploratory. The statistical population included seniors who had at least 2 years of physical activity and sports in the gardens and in the small part were seniors who had at least 6 months of physical activity. High public relations, literacy, and fitness were among the experts' top lists. The sampling method was non-probability sampling with purposeful selection with maximum diversity or heterogeneity. indexes were prioritized with AHP software and finally confirmatory factor analysis was performed with AMOS software. Based on the data analysis, 56 primary concepts, and 7 core concepts were identified. Then, 7 theoretical theories were proposed based on the paradigm model of sociological analysis of Elderly sport in the gardens. Identified indicators include the effects of Elderly Athletic Participation in Gardens, Elderly Athletic Motivation in Gardens, Attractiveness of Elderly Athletes in Gardens, Excellence of Gardens over Other Places, Impact of Elderly Athletes on Gardens Quality of Life, Culture of Elderly Athletes in Gardens and Consequences of Elderly Athletes in Gardens Was. Manuscript profile
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