List of Articles containment

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  1 - Evaluation the success of the urban growth boundary comprehensive plans in Containment the growth of metropolitan Tehran
  DAVOD AZIZI Aliakbar Taghvaee Meysam Adineloo fard
  Industrial Revolution and subsequent developments were led to the revolution in urbanization in the second half of the nineteenth century and the revolution changed human settlement in other cities and resulted in unprecedented expansion of cities. This was an epidemic More

  Industrial Revolution and subsequent developments were led to the revolution in urbanization in the second half of the nineteenth century and the revolution changed human settlement in other cities and resulted in unprecedented expansion of cities. This was an epidemic phenomenon that Iran would not be safe from it. In order to deal with the development and distribution of the city in Iran from mid-century imitation of the western planned systems, comprehensive plans that have in their hearts policies to control and limit urban growth were used. In the form of the comprehensive plans have been accomplished policies of the Green Belt to determine the physical limits of the city (urban growth boundary). After more than four decades, providing the first comprehensive plans for cities and for urban growth boundary, yet comprehensive and accurate assessment has not been made from success and effectiveness of the urban growth inhibition tools. Those factors caused we executed this research and in this research has been selected Tehran metropolis as study sample. After that, this study sample has been investigated in order to assess the measure of success and effectiveness of the urban growth boundary. In this research has been used qualitative research method. Research indicator has been derived from the theoretical foundations and satellite images and Envi 4.8 software has been used to verify adaptation comprehensive plan of urban growth boundary and the real border. The main findings of this research are follows: Urban growth boundary that has been determined in comprehensive plan 1371 not effectively control urban development. In the period 1371-1386, a large part of the new development outside of the urban growth boundary has been located. When the ability of urban growth boundary control by using of growth boundary inhibition was measured, the results were shown that the value of this indicator is 0/15 percent and the result means that urban growth boundary of comprehensive plan has no ability in limit of urban growth of Tehran metropolis. Size scope of the urban growth boundary specified in the comprehensive plan that has been determined in 1371 had been appropriate and had been more than the necessary amount. Thus, the failure of the urban growth boundary in respect to evolutions and developments in outside of the East Tehran metropolis and thrown out in the southern part is clear. Size scope of the urban growth boundary specified in the comprehensive plan that has been determined in 1371 had been appropriate and had been more than the necessary amount. Thus, the failure of the urban growth boundary in respect to evolutions and developments in outside of the East Tehran metropolis and thrown out in the southern part is clear. Size scope of the urban growth boundary specified in the comprehensive plan that has been determined in 1371 had been appropriate and had been more than the necessary amount. Thus, the failure of the urban growth boundary in respect to evolutions and developments in outside of the East Tehran metropolis and thrown out in the Manuscript profile
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  2 - The use of visual schema Rubaiyat Bafqi from the perspective of semantics
  alkhas veysi fateme deris
  One of the principles of cognitive semantics is the corporatization of the concepts. Language users build basic conceptual structures according to their physical experiences in the world through which they can trigger the whole meaning and interpret other more abstract More

  One of the principles of cognitive semantics is the corporatization of the concepts. Language users build basic conceptual structures according to their physical experiences in the world through which they can trigger the whole meaning and interpret other more abstract events. Mark Johnson categorized these concrete experiences under the name of “image schema” theory and divided it into 3 subcategories called path schema, containment schema and force schema. Accordingly this paper tries to analyze Vahshiye Bafghi poems to figure out the extent at which this salient poet has used these tools to convey meaning. For this purpose, 66 out of Bafghi’s quatrains which include 264 hemistiches, has been selected. The analyses revealed that 114 cases the poet has used the image schema to convey meaning. In most cases, the path schema has been used with verb like “pass, hasten, and go” which imply some sort of motion. After that, the containment schema, using words such as snare and seclusion, have the most share in meaning construal. And finally the force schema with using expressions which imply separation and banned items, have been used by Bafghi to facilitate the process of decoding and interpretation on his intentions. Manuscript profile
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  3 - کارایی مدل HEC-RAS و GISدر پهنه ‎بندی سیلاب رودخانه دز (محدوده مطالعاتی : بازه سد تنظیمی تا روستاهای زاویه دزفول)
  حامد پورصمصام الهام اکبری کاظم حمادی
  هدف از این مقاله به ‎کارگیری سامانه­ ی اطلاعات جغرافیایی درجهت شناسایی پهنه­ های سیل­ خیز و مخاطره­ آمیز رودخانه دز واقع در شهرستان دزفول از حدفاصل سد تنظیمی تا روستاهای زاویه و هدف اصلی، شناسایی سکونت ‎گاه ­ها و مناطق در معرض خطر وقوع سیلاب More

  هدف از این مقاله به ‎کارگیری سامانه­ ی اطلاعات جغرافیایی درجهت شناسایی پهنه­ های سیل­ خیز و مخاطره­ آمیز رودخانه دز واقع در شهرستان دزفول از حدفاصل سد تنظیمی تا روستاهای زاویه و هدف اصلی، شناسایی سکونت ‎گاه ­ها و مناطق در معرض خطر وقوع سیلاب می­ باشد. بدین ترتیب حریم بستر رودخانه دز و پهنه­ بندی سیل در دوره­ بازگشت 25 ساله با استفاده از نرم ‎افزارهای  HEC-RAS،ARCGIS  و برنامه جانبی HEC-GeoRAS تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد که به ازای دوره بازگشت 25 ساله، 1430 کیلومترمربع از اراضی، زیرپوشش سیل قرار می گیرد که این مقدار خارج از حریم رودخانه است و با احتساب مساحت حریم رودخانه، 4318 کیلومترمربع در معرض سیلاب می ‎باشند. در برخی نقاط، اراضی مسکونی، زراعی، تفریحی و پارک­ ها در حریم رودخانه قرار دارند. باتوجه به وجود مناطق مسکونی و کاربری‎ های تفرج‎گاهی در حاشیه رودخانه لازم است در قسمت هایی که آسیب­ پذیری بیش‎تری پیش­ بینی می­ شود برای عملیات کنترل سیلاب و سیستم­ های هشداردهندۀ سیل اقدام گردد و به منظور رفع تصرف­ های غیرقانونی که در بستر و حریم رودخانه دز صورت گرفته است، اقدام لازم به عمل آید. با توجه به اینکه منطقه مورد مطالعه در قسمت متراکم شهری قرار گرفته است؛ با کنترل و مهار سیل در حوضه ‎های آبخیز بالادست با انجام عملیات آبخیزداری، مهندسی ‎سازی ساخت و سازهای شهری، عدم توسعه آن در داخل حریم مسیر آبراهه­ ها و شناسایی مناطق پرخطر و ارایه راهکارهای سازه ­ای و غیرسازه ­ای در حد امکان از خطر بروز سیل در این منطقه کاسته شود. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Dig into contents of the Containment Theory; A Comparative approach on the Levers of rehabilitation at the constitution of the Islamic Republic Iran
  Gelavizh Sheikholeslami vatani Mohammad Ashouri Nasrin Mehra Mohammad Ali MahdaviSabet
  The implementation of a justice system founded on unequivocal culpability is likely to yield no outcome other than recidivism. As such, the present study endeavors to redefine the mechanisms that are capable of deterring criminal recidivism within a specific geographica More

  The implementation of a justice system founded on unequivocal culpability is likely to yield no outcome other than recidivism. As such, the present study endeavors to redefine the mechanisms that are capable of deterring criminal recidivism within a specific geographical area, while simultaneously enhancing the process of criminal reintegration. This is achieved by mitigating the detrimental effects of punitive measures, such as incarceration. The foundation of the study is established on a fundamental inquiry, which, through a comparative methodology, endeavors to elucidate the means by which non-criminal mechanisms of rehabilitation may be comprehended in offenders. The research question posits the objective of elucidating the scope of containment ideology through a correlation between social theory and crime prevention, through an examination of analogous facets in the Islamic Republic of Iran's constitutional principles, the Quran, and interpretive resources. The present study is grounded in the examination of cognitive theory, employing a descriptive-analytical approach, and utilizing content analysis as a means of data collection. The research's findings describe that the rehabilitation of offenders and its progression follows a gradual and incremental process that by strengthening non-criminal self-restraint measures, it can logically and practically provide appropriate opportunities for crime management and prevention to society. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Investigating the degree of confinement in the neighborhood cohesion of the residents of Ekbatan and Ati Saz
  peyman akhondi Mohammad Jalili Gholamreza Talischi Farzaneh Sasan pour
  10.22094/lsj.2024.1985051.1093
  Enclosed communities, which are also known as gated residential development, gated residential apartment, and settlement, are expanding and have become very popular among home buyers. Enclosed communities have limited public access and privatized public space with the a More

  Enclosed communities, which are also known as gated residential development, gated residential apartment, and settlement, are expanding and have become very popular among home buyers. Enclosed communities have limited public access and privatized public space with the aim of creating security and peace for their residents, and this enclosure has led to the creation of disjointed spaces that are separated and isolated from their outer urban environment. In fact, enclosed neighborhoods are a reflection of an urban unit that is physically, socially, and economically different from its surroundings and lacks cohesion. Examining the negative effects of these communities enclosed within themselves and the surrounding urban areas is a very important issue that has not been addressed much, and land traders and developers have expanded them without paying attention to it and trying to make more profit. Therefore, in this research, it has been tried to identify these factors from the point of view of experts and space users, with the aim of investigating the degree of confinement in the neighborhood cohesion of the residents of Ekbatan and Ati Saz. The research method is a combination of qualitative and quantitative type. This research has a nest to nest combination. To answer the research question, qualitative-quantitative research method nest by nest is used. In the qualitative method, a semi-structured interview is used to verify the variables extracted from the bases and also to assign the base variables to a case sample, and the obtained results are entered into the ATLAS.TI software to facilitate the coding, and open coding is used to extract the variables with a live approach. , description and interpretation takes place. In a small part of the obtained variables, a questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale (1: the lowest level of perception of the individual about the effect of confinement on neighborhood cohesion; 5: the highest level of perception of the individual about the effect of confinement on neighborhood cohesion) is compiled and distributed among 384 people of space users. In this section, by using the factor analysis method, due to the multiplicity of variables for classification and also the effect of each of them in the residential complex of Ati Saz and Ekbatan, factor analysis with the Varimax method is used, and finally, the correlation of the determined coefficients in both Ekbatan and Ati Saz neighborhoods with Each other is taken and a fitting curve is drawn. The results of the research show that Ekbatan and Atisaz neighborhoods are considered as one of the prosperous and active communities in Tehran. Also, because of their convenient location, they have been favored by the residents of Tehran. According to the investigations carried out in this research, in both neighborhoods, the factor of social cohesion is considered the most effective factor in the cohesion of the residents of both neighborhoods. The reason for this is that the enclosure and separation of Akbatan and Atysaz neighborhoods from the surrounding neighborhoods, both physically and socially, has caused problems such as social-cultural discontinuity in this area, which has consequences such as the fragmentation of the social fabric. The isolation and insularity of these two neighborhoods has caused the administration of this area to face problems and social participation in urban governance is decreasing. One of the most important problems caused by the lack of communication and connection between Ekbatan and Ati-saz neighborhoods with the surrounding neighborhoods is social disunity and segregation in this area, which, if appropriate decisions are not taken and the need for social cohesion of the area is not taken into account, can cause many problems in the future. The lack of communication and physical connection has also caused a gap in the body tissue and its lack of harmony with the surrounding environment. In addition to the mentioned issues, these neighborhoods also struggle with the issue of access and inefficient public transportation, and this has caused major changes in the process of citizens living in these neighborhoods. Also, the most important factor affecting the cohesion of these two enclosed neighborhoods is social cohesion. After that, the following factors can be mentioned in order: Coherence in social communication, cohesion in the sense of belonging, cohesion in creating security, cohesion in governing organizations and cohesion in authority. Manuscript profile
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  6 - The Military Rise of China and the Challenges before American Hegemony
  Mohammad Ali Basiri Syed Hesamolldin Moosavi Mohammad Ali rayatei neshad
  The military rise of China is one of the important events of modern history. It is for more than two decades that China by taking up rational policies in domestic and international arena has achieved tremendous progress. These accomplishments along with vast potential o More

  The military rise of China is one of the important events of modern history. It is for more than two decades that China by taking up rational policies in domestic and international arena has achieved tremendous progress. These accomplishments along with vast potential of this country has changed it into a great and influencing power and one of the candidates of superpower position in the twenty first century. Since the United States considers itself as the only superpower of the modern world, the rise of China is a challenge to its hegemony. This challenge points out the necessity of responding to it. The present article while evaluates the Chinese military progress, its impact and consequences raises this question that what should be the United States policy for facing the rising military power of China? The paper also evaluates the hypothesis that the military development and growth of China is the indication and its tendency for world hegemony and becoming a superpower in international arena. Thus with the rise of China and its establishment as a world power in new world order in thecoming decade, major contradiction will increasingly emerge between the United States and China. This conflict of interests, besides ideological difference, will lead to the strategic interest rivalry in Asia-Pacific and even in the whole world. Since these developments do not conform to the long range policies of the United States it will pursue a two pronged strategy of containment and participation to face this security dilemma. Manuscript profile
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  7 - Expansion Factors of Extremism on the Continent of Africa and its Containment Strategies
  Yasser Kanani Bandkohan Gholamhossein Bolandian
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