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Open Access Article
1 - Evaluation of leaching and sensitivity in some plant species to atrazine using bioassay and chemical methods
Morteza Ramezanpoor Hamid Salehian esmaeil Babanezhad Mohammad RezvaniBackground and Objective: Atrazine is one of the most important herbicides in the world and Iran, which has high stability and is likely to contaminate runoff and groundwater resources. The aim of this experiment was to determine the most sensitive of the eight plant sp MoreBackground and Objective: Atrazine is one of the most important herbicides in the world and Iran, which has high stability and is likely to contaminate runoff and groundwater resources. The aim of this experiment was to determine the most sensitive of the eight plant species to atrazine and to measure the leaching front of this herbicide.Material and Methodology: The first experiment did in order to sensitivity assessment of eight plant species (Canola, Soybean, Ryegrass, Wild Oat, Wheat, Canarygrass, Redroot Pigweed, and Corn) to simulated atrazine residues by GR50 index (the required dose of herbicide to reduce plant growth by 50% ) at 2019. The second experiment was conducted to determine leaching front of atrazine. Levels of atrazine treatments were: control, usual dose (1.25 kg.h-1) and high dose (2.5 kg.h-1). The treatments were injected into soil columns in 32 cm height PVC pipes and after three days, all 2 cm pieces of soil columns were exposed to bioassay and chemical analysis, simultaneously.In the first experiment probit regression analysis was used to identify the most atrazine-sensitive species and in second experiment with completely randomized basic design the data were investigated by regression analysis.Findings: First experiment showed that canola was more susceptible to atrazine compared to other species. Evaluation of canola seedling weight profile and atrazine concentration simultaneously at different depths of soil showed that atrazine penetrated to 10 cm depth.Discussion and Conclusion: It seems that atrazine accumulation to 10 cm depth is related to higher organic matter and clay content. Due to the fact that the maximum weed seed bank was located in the surface layers of the soil, application of atrazine herbicide in this field can increase the efficiency of weed control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Identification of Phalaris brachystachys Link. resistance to haloxyfop-R-methyl herbicide from fields of Golestan province
Sajedeh Golmohammadzadeh, Javid Gherekhloo Antonia Rojano-Delgado Maria Osuna Behnam Kamkar Farshid Ghaderi-Far Rafael de PradoIn order to investigate the resistance of Phalaris brachystachys Link. to haloxyfop-R-methyl herbicide, a test was conducted at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in 2017. Experimental treatments included 36 biotypes of P. brachystachys sus MoreIn order to investigate the resistance of Phalaris brachystachys Link. to haloxyfop-R-methyl herbicide, a test was conducted at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in 2017. Experimental treatments included 36 biotypes of P. brachystachys suspected resistance and one susceptible biotype which were collected from wheat fields in Golestan province. The experiments included determination of discriminating concentration, screening all biotypes with discriminating concentration, concentration-response and dose-response tests for resistant biotypes. In the seed bioassay, after determining the discriminating concentration and screening all biotypes, a range of herbicide concentrations were applied. In the dose-response test, the response of P. brachystachys biotypes in a range of doses from 0.25 to 8 times the recommended dose herbicide was investigated. The resistance factor obtained of whole plant assay was 2 to 4. Also, there was a high correlation between resistance factor obtained from whole plant and seed bioassay methods (87%). Checking the distribution map of resistant biotypes indicated that these biotypes were not uniform in the wheat fields of Golestan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Evaluation of fatality potential of fungus Metarhizium anisopliae against the termite Microcerotermes diversus (Isoptera : Termitidae)
Amir Cheraghi Behzad HabibpourMicrocerotermes diversus (Iso.: Termitidae) is one of the most destructive termites in Khuzestan province (Iran). In this study, ability of pathogenicity of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae strain of Saravan (DEMI 001) against termite M. diversus was investigated in ch MoreMicrocerotermes diversus (Iso.: Termitidae) is one of the most destructive termites in Khuzestan province (Iran). In this study, ability of pathogenicity of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae strain of Saravan (DEMI 001) against termite M. diversus was investigated in choice and no- choice bioassay trials by smeary and immersion methods. Results showed that concentration and time of fatality in the smeary method was higher than the immersion method. The lowest level of LC50 and LT50, it related to bioassay test no- choice with immersion method. Those level were 3.1 × 104 spore Ml-1 and 1.02 day, respectively. The feeding of treated and untreated filter paper in choice test showed that fungal conidial suspension in concentrations used in this study had no repellency effect against the target termite. Overall, this study showed that the fatality rate of fungal pathogen. M. anisopliae against termite M. diversus was associated with the fungus population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The toxicity of the botanical insecticide tondexir and chemical insecticide acetamiprid on two natural enemies of the common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer
Mahdi Kabiri Raeis Abad Behnam Amiri BesheliThe use of botanical insecticide instead of chemical insecticide is one way to preserving the enviroment. In this research, the effect of three concentrations of the botanical insecticide, Tondexir (pepper extract), on two natural enemies of the pistachio psyllid, the f MoreThe use of botanical insecticide instead of chemical insecticide is one way to preserving the enviroment. In this research, the effect of three concentrations of the botanical insecticide, Tondexir (pepper extract), on two natural enemies of the pistachio psyllid, the first and fourth instar larvae and adult of the Coccinellid Predator Oenopia conglobata. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and the pupa and adult of the Parasitic Wasp Psyllaephagus pistaciae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) were investigated. A topical bioassay was used in laboratory conditions. Two field experiments were conducted with Tondexir and acetamiprid on mummy pupae of Parasitoeid in completely randomized block design in 2010 and 2011 In Rafsanjan, Iran. On chemical insecticide, acetamiprid, have been used in comparison with Tondexir. The results showed that Tondexir is less effective than acetamiprid on two natural enemies of Pistachio psyllid. Consistent with the IOBC, Tondexir was categorized as being harmless on first instar larvae, harmless on fourth instar larvae, harmless on adult Predator and slightly harmful on adult PW. Acetamiprid was categorized as moderately harmful, slightly harmful and slightly harmful on the above stages of two insects. The result of field experiments showed that two insecticides were categorized as harmless on mummy of Parasitoid. Overall, the results have shown that Tondexir has less effect than chemical insecticides on two natural enemies and can be used in pistachio orchards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The effect of Bacillus thuringiensis, Carbaryl and Diflubenzuron independently and different combinations of them against the chickpea pod borer Heliothis viriplaca in the laboratory condition
Morteza KahrarianIn this research the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis, Carbaryl and Diflubenzuronindependently and different combinations of them were tested against Helithis viriplaca HuFn. in laboratory conditions. In order to conduct bioassay experiments, the pupa were collected fro MoreIn this research the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis, Carbaryl and Diflubenzuronindependently and different combinations of them were tested against Helithis viriplaca HuFn. in laboratory conditions. In order to conduct bioassay experiments, the pupa were collected from the field and reared under controlled conditions. Third larval stage was used for bioassay experiments. In bioassay experiments the best concentration of compounds were selected individually and in combination using randomized block design. The laboratory tests showed that Bt with concentration of 2600 ppm and 1900 ppm revealed the best result and Carbaryl with concentration of 1900 ppm and Bt with concentration 1600 ppm were in the second rank. The comparison of tested compounds individually and in combination showed that mixture of Carbaryl-Diflubenzuron-Bt, Carbaryl-Bt, and Diflubenzuron-Bt were better than other treatments (p≤ 0.01) and Crarbaryl and Diflubenzuron mixture had least effect with no statistical difference with Bt effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Assessment of Herbicide Persistence and Phytotoxicity of Some Herbicides Used in Mazandaran Province on Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Marjan Diyanat Ali PirhadiTo stimulate persistence of herbicides and their phytotoxicity, an experiment was conducted in randomized completely block design in a factorial arrangement with 3 replications at Weed Science Research Department of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection. Factor MoreTo stimulate persistence of herbicides and their phytotoxicity, an experiment was conducted in randomized completely block design in a factorial arrangement with 3 replications at Weed Science Research Department of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection. Factors were type of herbicide at three levels (idosulfuron + mesosulfuron (Chevalier)), metsulfuron methyl + sulfosulfuron (Total) and Trifluraline (Treflan)), herbicide dose at seven levels (0, 5, 15, 25, 40, 100 and 150 percent of recommended doses) and soil type at two levels (from two different fields). The experiment soils were prepared from two regions of Mazandaran province and after transporting to Tehran, herbicide doses were treated in the soils with Simulators sprayer. Rice seedlings were planted in the pots that treated with herbicides. After thirty days, the seedlings were harvested and shoot fresh weight and root and shoot lenght were recorded. The results showed that the residue of all herbicides have negative effects on seedlings in both soils and increased with increasing the herbicide dose. Idosulfuron + mesosulfuron had the highest negative impact on fresh weight, root length and shoot length of rice seedlings. The results of this investigation demonstrated that the studied herbicides used in rotational crops with rice have the potential capability of damage to rice plants and the possibility of decreased yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Effects of synthetic pyrethroids and neonicotinoids insecticides and synergists on population of Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
A. Dini pour M. Oktay GurkanSpodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) known as the African Cotton Leaf worm or Egyptian Cotton Leaf worm is one of the most common pests of cotton in the region of Adena, Turkey. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a synthetic pyrethroid (Gamm MoreSpodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) known as the African Cotton Leaf worm or Egyptian Cotton Leaf worm is one of the most common pests of cotton in the region of Adena, Turkey. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a synthetic pyrethroid (Gamma-cyhalothrin) and neonicotinoids (Imidacloprid) on the pest to find out the resistance inducing process during several generations. Induced resistance to gamma-cyhalothrin up to 12 generations and to Imidacloprid for 7 generations was studied by assessing the resistance ratio (RR) of LC50 and LC90 with confidence limit of %95. The resistance ratios (RR) for LC50 and LC90 of gamma-cyhalothrin were calculated 16.85 and 18.82 and for Imidacloprid were 9.76 and 8.68, respectively. In order to study the effect of synergists on the insecticides, three different synergists including S, S, S-tributilfosforotritioat (DEF), piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and diethyl maleate (DEM) were used and compared the Synergism Ratio (SR) with control. The highest SR for both insecticides belonged to application of DEM synergist. It is concluded that DEM could be recommended to be applied with Gamma-cyhalothrin and Imidacloprid to prevent or postpone the resistance induction into S. littoralis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Evaluation the effect of two products of Bacillus thuringiensis on Lymantria dispar L. (Lep., Lymantriidae) larvae in the Arasbaran forests, Iran
M. Nikdel R. Omid A. A. DordaeiThe gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. (Lep., Lymantriidae) is one of the most destructive pests of forest shrubs and trees throughout the Arasbaran region (East Azarbaidjan, Iran). The pest causes serious periodical damage on its host plant species, especially oak trees. MoreThe gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. (Lep., Lymantriidae) is one of the most destructive pests of forest shrubs and trees throughout the Arasbaran region (East Azarbaidjan, Iran). The pest causes serious periodical damage on its host plant species, especially oak trees. In this study, the effects of two formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis containing Btk (commercial product Dipel) and BtH (made in Iran) were evaluated on gypsy moth larvae. Results showed that there was a significant difference between Dipel and BtH. Dipel (1.2 g/L) and BtH (6 g/L) treatments caused maximum mortality 29.23% and 23.05%, respectively and 1.2 g/L dosage of BtH with average 13.61% caused the less mortality on the pest larvae. Mean comparison of L. dispar larvae mortality in different times after treatments (for both formulations) indicated that there was no significant difference between 1 and 3 days, but difference between those two mentioned days with 7 and 14 days was significant, so that the treatment effect increased with time.By comparing the number of parasitoid wasp and nematode emerged from treated survived larvae, the treatments effects on natural enemies was quite evident. Natural enemies emerged from larvae treated by 1.2 g/L, 3 g/L and 6 g/L dosage of BtH and Dipel were reduced 12.3, 34.7, 59.8 and 81.6 percent, respectively in comparison to control. In other words, by increasing the effectiveness of Bt treatments, the possibility of natural enemies emergence was reduced. In this regard, high concentrations of BtH and Dipel have the most impact in reduction of natural enemies emerging. Assessment of larval feeding on the treated leaves revealed that because of the rapid effects of Bt to 2nd instar larvae, there was no possibility to continue their feeding. But in the 4th instar larvae, because of slow effects of Bt, their feeding on leaves in some treatments continued for up to 100 percent. Thus, application of Dipel and high dosage BtH against 2nd instar larvae of the pest will be more effective than other treatments in Arasbaran forests. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The susceptibility of onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lind. (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) to different groups of insecticides
A. Sheikhi Garjan R. Nikpour V. BaniameriOnion thrips is a key pest of vegetable crops. Chemical control is a conventional control method of onion thrips. The infested fields to onion thrips are usually treated several times each year. This study was conducted in the laboratory conditions to find the effective MoreOnion thrips is a key pest of vegetable crops. Chemical control is a conventional control method of onion thrips. The infested fields to onion thrips are usually treated several times each year. This study was conducted in the laboratory conditions to find the effective insecticides by using the filter paper bioassay. Cypermethrin EC10%, deltamethrin EC2.5%, diazinon EC60%, oxymatrine AS 0.6%, and spinosad (Tracer® SC240) were used in the bioassay. The filter papers were dipped in sequential concentrations of the insecticides The median lethal concentration (LC50) of insecticides was determined on 4 day-old adult thrips at 24 hours after treatments. The LC50 values of the insecticides were included 38.08, 3.08, 47.4, 2.43 and 4.8 a.i. µg/ml respectively. Oxymatrine and diazinon had the highest and lowest toxicity on T. tabaci respectively. Thus, oxymatrine can be considered as a new effective insecticide against onion thrips with low risk on environment and human. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Studies on susceptibility of different developmental stages of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hem., Aleyrodidae) to pyriproxyfen and citowett oil
S. Ashtari A. A. Pourmirza M. H. Safar AlizadehThis pest strongly demonstrates resistance against chemical pesticides and decreases the yield of cotton and worsens its quality as well. Since Biorational pesticides are generally desirable, believing to have less disturbance of the environment; this research covers th MoreThis pest strongly demonstrates resistance against chemical pesticides and decreases the yield of cotton and worsens its quality as well. Since Biorational pesticides are generally desirable, believing to have less disturbance of the environment; this research covers the study of susceptibility of different developmental stages of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius to pyriproxyfen, citowett oil and their mixture too. Citowett oil and pyriproxyfen have been used in 5 concentrations and control treatment. The LC50 value of pyriproxyfen for adult, egg, and immature stages was 1086, 45.04 and 11.47 PPM, respectively. This criterion to citowett oil for adult, egg; and immature stages was 1554, 884.79 and 684.70 PPM in the same order. To evaluate the synergistic effect of citowett oil on pyriproxyfen we used the mixture of LC25 of either compound. The results revealed that there are 52.36%, 62.32% and 69.19% mortality rate for adult, egg, immature stages respectively. The experiments showed that citowett oil is able to enhance efficiency of pyriproxyfen. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Effect of lethal dose of Abamectin®, Proteus® and Sirinol® on biological parameters of Habrobracon hebetor in laboratory conditions
M. Rezaei Sh. Hesami M. Gheibi H. ZohdiThe usage of biological control agents has a significant role in the IPM programs. Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hym., Braconidae ) is considered as one of the most important larval parasitoid in many Lepidoptera pests. In this study, the effect of Abamectin®, Prot MoreThe usage of biological control agents has a significant role in the IPM programs. Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hym., Braconidae ) is considered as one of the most important larval parasitoid in many Lepidoptera pests. In this study, the effect of Abamectin®, Proteus® and Sirinol® on biological parameters of this parasitoid was investigated in direct (contact) and indirect (poisonous host) methods. The parasitoid was breeding on Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lep.;Pyralidae) under controlled condition (25 ± 2 °C, 60 ± 5% RH, and 16L:8D photoperiod). Bioassay tests of insecticides were done by contact (direct) and poisonous host (indirect) and the demographic parameters of the wasp were calculated. Lethal concentration was obtained in contact method as 1.38, 0.037, 6.62 ppm and in poisonous host as 0.49, 2.15, 0.138 ppm, respectively. Intrinsic rate of population increase (rm) of the wasp treated with these pesticides were reduced in compare to control (0.220, 0.211, 0.227 and 0.261 female/female/day in direct and 0.212, 0.205, 0.186 and 0.260 in indirect method, respectively). In direct method, Abamectin and Sirinol had the least effect on rm compared the control. In poisonous host method Abamectin had also the least effect on this factor. Since, Abamectin had also the least effect on the longevity of this parasitoid, it can be recommended in IPM programs using the combination of parasitoid and the insecticide. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Study of effect of methanol extracts of Garlic, Cinnamon and liquid smoke from tobacco waste on Inhibitionof Tobacco Fusarium wiltof pathogen fungi
seyd afshin sajadiTobacco Fusarium wilts of pathogen fungi are important phytopathogens distributed worldwide and can cause yield losses in tobacco growing countries. The management of fungal soilborne pathogens are accomplished through the use of pesticides, resistant varieties, biologi MoreTobacco Fusarium wilts of pathogen fungi are important phytopathogens distributed worldwide and can cause yield losses in tobacco growing countries. The management of fungal soilborne pathogens are accomplished through the use of pesticides, resistant varieties, biological control, and use of plant extracts is done. The use of plant extracts for management of this disease is preferable because pesticides are expensive and may pollute the environment. This design investigated the inhibitory effects of some medicinal plant extracts on growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. nicotianae the cause of tobacco collar rot and selection of a suitable concentration is performed in the laboratory in Tirtash Research and Education Center in 2018. The plants (Garlic and Cinnamon) were extracted with methanol and liquid smoke used in this study was obtained from the pyrolysis of tobacco waste. Tobacco waste was pyrolyzed in furnace in the absence of oxygen and smoke was converted to liquid smoke with cold water. This study were carried out in factorial with three factors including: crude extracts (Garlic, Cinnamon and Tobacco waste) and 6 concentration (0, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 ppm) based on Completely Randomized Design with 3 replications. The minimum inhibitory concentration of each extracts was determined by agar diffusion method. Results indicated that crude extracts of Garlic, Cinnamon and Tobacco waste (liquid smoke) have remarkable antifungal activity. With increasing concentrations of plant extracts, inhibitory effect on mycelium growth of fungal F. o f. sp. nicotianae increased. The minimum inhibitory concentration of liquid smoke of tobacco waste and methanol extracts of Garlic and Cinnamon on tobacco Fusarium wilt of against fungiwere equal to 2000, 4000 and 4000 ppm, respectively. The liquid smoke of tobacco waste at concentrations greater than 2000 ppm has fungicide and methanol extracts of Garlic and Cinnamon at concentrations greater than 4000 ppm has fungistate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Biological differences between Iranian isolates Bacillus thuringiensi from Yazd and Booshehr provinces on Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)
Samaneh Khairi Mohammad Reza Reza Panah Mahmood Shojaei Gholamreza Salehi Jozani Neda KheradpirBacillus thuringiensis (Bt), belonged to Bacillaceae is one of the most important pathogenic bacteria and considered as an effective biological control agent in many pest management programs. This species can be an applied replacement for chemical pesticides. Diverse po MoreBacillus thuringiensis (Bt), belonged to Bacillaceae is one of the most important pathogenic bacteria and considered as an effective biological control agent in many pest management programs. This species can be an applied replacement for chemical pesticides. Diverse potentials of Bt on different pest species have emerged from not only its diverse serotypes, but also varied isolates. Helicopverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a serious cotton pest with different plant host species. In this study, mortality rate of the pest larvae by two Iranian native isolates of Bt, from Yazd (YD5) and Boushehr (BR4) farmland was assessed. Then LC50 for each isolate on neonates obtained. Dipel was used as the control. Bioassay result showed that LC50 for Dipel, YD5 and BR4 were 68.2864 spore/ml, 48× 106 spore/ml and 77× 1012 spore/ml, respectively. YD5 showed partial higher performance in comparison to other native isolate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Study of biological differences between two native Iranian isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis from Kordestan and Golestan provinces on Helicoverpa armigera Hubner
Samaneh Kheyri Mohammadreza Rezapanah Mahmood Shojaee Gholamreza Salehi Jozani Neda Kheradpir -
Open Access Article
15 - بخش بندی پروتئین خام و تولید گاز در سیلاژهای یونجه عملآوری شده با عصاره محصولات فرعی پسته در شرایط آزمایشگاه
ا. مختارپور ع.ع. ناصریان ر. ولیزاده م. دانش مسگران ف. پورملاییبه منظور بررسی بخش­های مختلف پروتئین خام و تولید گاز در شرایط آزمایشگاه در سیلاژهای یونجه عملآوری شده با سطوح مختلف عصاره محصولات فرعی پسته و ارزیابی ارزش زیستی تانن­های آن، دو آزمایش انجام شد. محصولات فرعی پسته با نسبت 1:5 (وزن به حجم) به مدت 12 ساعت در آب خیس Moreبه منظور بررسی بخش­های مختلف پروتئین خام و تولید گاز در شرایط آزمایشگاه در سیلاژهای یونجه عملآوری شده با سطوح مختلف عصاره محصولات فرعی پسته و ارزیابی ارزش زیستی تانن­های آن، دو آزمایش انجام شد. محصولات فرعی پسته با نسبت 1:5 (وزن به حجم) به مدت 12 ساعت در آب خیسانده شدند. پس از صاف کردن و تغلیظ، عصاره خام به علوفه تازه یونجه اضافه شد تا به ترتیب سطوح 1، 2 و 3 درصد ماده خشک یونجه، تانن به دست آید و سپس به مدت 60 روز سیلو شدند. چهار تیمار به این ترتیب بود؛ سیلاژ یونجه بدون عملآوری با عصاره محصولات فرعی پسته، به عنوان شاهد (T0)، اضافه کردن تانن محصولات فرعی پسته در سطح 1 درصد (T1)، 2 درصد (T2) و 3 درصد ماد خشک (T3). عملآوری سیلاژ یونجه، میزان ترکیبات نیتروژنه غیر پروتئینی را کاهش و بخش B2 را در طی سیلو شدن، افزایش داد. تولید گاز تجمعی پس از 96 ساعت انکوباسیون، قابلیت هضم ماده آلی (OMD) و انرژی قابل متابولیسم (ME) در تیمار T2 و T3 در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد کاهش پیدا کرد. میزان تولید گاز و اسیدهای چرب کوتاه زنجیر (SCFA) در سیلاژهای عملآوری شده در حضور پلی اتیلن گلیکول (PEG) افزایش یافت که نشان می­دهد وجود ترکیبات فنولی و تانن­ها باعث کاهش تولید گاز شد. می­توان نتیجه گرفت که عملآوری سیلاژ یونجه با عصاره محصولات فرعی پسته از طریق ممانعت میکروبی، می­تواند منجر به کاهش هدرروی نیتروژن در طی سیلو شدن و کاهش تجزیه پذیری ماده آلی شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The cytotoxicity of culture extracts of indigenous Actinobacteria of Iran using Artemia urmiana
Sanaz Imanian Ali Mehrvar Javad Hamedi Hossein Samadi Kafil Naser Eivazian KariBackground & Objectives: Actinobacteria are very important in the world in terms of the production of metabolites with various biological effects. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the toxicity of the fermented extract obtained from Actinobacter MoreBackground & Objectives: Actinobacteria are very important in the world in terms of the production of metabolites with various biological effects. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the toxicity of the fermented extract obtained from Actinobacteria isolated from some biological resources of Iran on Artemia urmiana. These isolates were deposited in University of Tehran Microorganisms Collection (UTMC).Materials & Methods: Forty-eight -76°C actinobacterial isolates were revived using ISP2 agar culture medium. Two bacterial discs were inoculated in ISP2 broth medium as a pre-cultivation medium. After 48 hours, 10 ml of the liquid was inoculated into the fermentation culture medium and heated for 7 days in a shaker incubator with 180 rpm, temperature of 28°C and pH of 7.2 ± 0.2. The fermentation broth was extracted using ethyl acetate, the solvent was evaporated using a low-pressure rotary evaporator. The toxicity of fermentation broth extracts was assayed against 40-hour Artemia urmiana nauplii.Results: According to the toxicity classification, among the all 48 isolates, 64.58% were highly toxic, 22.91% were moderate toxic, and 12.5% were in the low toxicity compounds group.Conclusion: The results showed that more than half of the tested extracts had very high lethality on Artemia urmiana in a short time. Comparing the LC50 and LT50 values of the extracts with similar studies, it was found that these extracts have a significant biological activity and can be used as a rich source in the production of metabolites with proper biological effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Isolation of Cerebroside from Gynura procumbens Leaves and Biological Activities of the Leaves Extracts
Md. Saddam Hossain Md. Maniruzzaman Md. Minzanur Chowdhuary Junaid Ahmed Md. Mizanur Badal Mohammad Yousuf -
Open Access Article
18 - Antifungal activity of some plant extracts on mycelial growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal agent of tobacco collar rot
Afshin Sajjadi Gholamreza Moradi1 Farhad Naghizadeh Zeinolabedin Shahadati Moghaddam Faramarz Rostami Mohammad Akbarzadeh Hoda Assemi Mohammadreza NajjafiFungal soilborne pathogens of tobacco are important phytopathogens distributed worldwide and can cause yield losses in tobacco growing countries. The managment of fungal soilborne pathogens are accomplished using chemical pesticides, crop rotation, resistant varieties, MoreFungal soilborne pathogens of tobacco are important phytopathogens distributed worldwide and can cause yield losses in tobacco growing countries. The managment of fungal soilborne pathogens are accomplished using chemical pesticides, crop rotation, resistant varieties, biological control, plant extracts and oils, etc. Application of plant extracts is preferable for management of this disease because chemical pesticides are expensive and pollute the environment. In order to evaluate in vitro inhibitory effects of some medicinal plant extracts on growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal agent of tobacco collar rot, and selection a suitable extract solvent, an experiment was carried out as factorial based on a completely randomized design with five replications in Tirtash Research and Education Center laboratory in 2012. Factors were crude extracts at nine levels (extracts of nine plant species), solvent at five levels (water, acetone, hexzan, ethanol and methanol) and cocentration at three levels (0, 1000 and 2000 ppm). The minimum inhibitory concentration of each extract was determined by agar diffusion method. Results indicated remarkable antifungal activity of crude extracts of tobacco, catmint, thyme, fennel, hyssop and badrashbi on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Methanol was the best solvent to extract antifungal compounds. Minimum inhibitory concentration of methanol extract of tobacco, catmint, thyme, fennel, badrashbi and hyssop were equal to 1.5, 1.5, 2, 3, 3, and 2.5 mg.ml-1, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Aphidicidal activity of rosemary, ajwain, yarrow, caraway and lavender on wheat common aphid (Schizaphis graminum)
Hamideh Zamani Soleiman Jamshidi Habibollah KhodabandehIncurrent research, the aphidicidal effect of essential oils of rosemary, ajwain, yarrow, caraway and lavender on wheat common aphid (Schizaphis graminum) has been studied. Studied plants essential oils were extracted using hydro-distillation method and 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 a MoreIncurrent research, the aphidicidal effect of essential oils of rosemary, ajwain, yarrow, caraway and lavender on wheat common aphid (Schizaphis graminum) has been studied. Studied plants essential oils were extracted using hydro-distillation method and 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 per thousand concentrations of essential oils were prepared. Aphids collected from wheat and broomcorn Miyaneh farms, Iran transferred to cultured wheat plants in greenhouse condition. Essential oils concentrations were poured on 10 adult wingless aphids. The mortality percentage was calculated 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 hours after treatment. Data were analyzed based on completely randomized design. In concentration of 12 per thousand ajwan and yarrow had highest aphidicidal activity, while rosemary in 2 per thousand was more killer effect than others. Comparison of LC50 of studied plants essential oils after 24 hours showed that ajwain essential oils had more mortality effect on wheat common aphid than others. Alsso essenrial oils of yarrow, caraway and lavender had about same LC50 and rosemary was the weakest one. Essential oils of these plants could be considered as a natural pesticide for chemical pesticides replacement. Manuscript profile
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