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Open Access Article
1 - The Complexity of Relationship between the Physical Environment and Residents' Walking in Tehran, Iran: A Qualitative Study
Sara Dadpour Hamid Reza Khankeh -
Open Access Article
2 - Soundscape Evaluation of Mashhad Melat Park Sidewalk (Case Study: Emamat Boulevard)
Bahareh Khalesi Maryam Daneshvar -
Open Access Article
3 - Sustainable urban development with an emphasis on pedestrian movement in Asia
Malihe Ahmadi Farah HabibThe Industrial Revolution in the 19th century (A.D.) was one of the turning points in thehistory of mankind, which brought about many changes and evolutions in all aspects of human life. The invention of automobile had a strong and undeniable effect on different aspects MoreThe Industrial Revolution in the 19th century (A.D.) was one of the turning points in thehistory of mankind, which brought about many changes and evolutions in all aspects of human life. The invention of automobile had a strong and undeniable effect on different aspects of life. Theincrease in transportation speed in urban regions changed the cities drastically and influenced all cityfunctions. In addition, the increase in transportation systems in cities not only leads to unrecoverable energy consumption, but also pollutes the environment and threatens the people living in urban areas.Moreover, the considerable young population in Asian cities is another point justifying the necessityof the present study. The increasing growth of the population in cities and the vast number of vehicles as well asthe increase in the share of roads in the texture of the cities have all brought about a variety ofproblems for the modern cities, which should be solved by devising new and effective policies.Attention to humans as the most important factor in the formation of cities and to their basic needssuch as movement and health, and enhancement of their social life are the main objectives of thisstudy. To this end, issues such as transportation in Asian cities with an emphasis on the role ofwalking in cities were studied and new solutions were presented for the improvement of sidewalks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - isual Quality Assessment of Walking Tracks in Natural Recreational Area Using Subjective Approach (Case Study: Ziarat basin, Gorgan)
Sepideh Saeidi Marjan Mohammadzadeh Abdolrassoul Salmanmahiny Seyed Hamed MirkarimiBackground and Objective: Nowadays, landscape would be regarded as one of the main elements of identity, existence, stability of the environment and a connector between the environment and its users. In this regard, landscape and its relationship with people perception MoreBackground and Objective: Nowadays, landscape would be regarded as one of the main elements of identity, existence, stability of the environment and a connector between the environment and its users. In this regard, landscape and its relationship with people perception are very momentous. Analysis of the relationships between visual quality and structural characteristics of landscape is an effective method in cognitive researches. In general, studies which are performed based on the aesthetic criteria of landscape not only are searching about the beauty or excellence of landscapes but also are looking for the users' aesthetic preferences. In this study the goal is to prioritize walking tracks of Ziarat basin from the point of cognitive and aesthetic value by using conceptual approach. Method: For this purpose, field survey of walking tracks was conducted to take photographs and mark the viewpoints. Finally a questionnaire survey was developed to investigate the landscape preference which ordinal classification was used in it. Questionnaires were distributed between 217 of visitors. Data which obtained from questionnaires were analyzed by using SPSS software. Findings: The results showed that the walking tracks of the study area are totally different from the point of visual quality and due to visitor preference, Talambar walking tracks has attached the first priority and Sefid cheshmeh has attached the last priority. Discussion and Counclusion: The results of this paper would lead to introduce preferable walking tracks and special view points and landscape of each walking tracks. The results could also help the managers to develop more beautiful trails, and to design and construct sightseeing places along the trails for visitors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Fuzzy Tracking Control of the 3PRR Parallel Rehabilitation Robot
Moosarreza Shamsyeh Zahedi Zahra Fathipour Majid Anjidani -
Open Access Article
6 - The Effect of Walking Versus the RunningTraining on Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)in High School Girls in Ahwaz City
مسعود نیکبخت غلامحسین عبادیAbstract Premenstrual syndrome exists when women complain of regularly recurring psychological symptoms as irritability, anxiety, tension, aggression or somatic symptoms as bloating, weight gain, nostalgia, or both which occur specifically during the luteal phase of MoreAbstract Premenstrual syndrome exists when women complain of regularly recurring psychological symptoms as irritability, anxiety, tension, aggression or somatic symptoms as bloating, weight gain, nostalgia, or both which occur specifically during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Symptoms can be severe enough to disrupt everyday life. The etiology of the PMS has not been confirmed yet. However, to relieve the Symptoms, a variety of treatment methods focusing on safe exercise are recommended. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of running and walking exercises for weeks on premenstrual in high school non-athlete girl students in Ahwaz city. The subjects were grouped randomly to three consisting of "running group" (n= ) "walking group" (n= ) and "control group" (n= ). Having finished the reexamining stage, filling the premenstrual syndrome questionnaire and gaining the primary results, the running group did aerobic running for weeks and sessions each week, each session lasting min. The maximum heart rate was percent. The walking group for weeks walked min each day for sessions in each week at normal, fast and slow paces. The control group did not do exercises. Having finished the second stage, the examinees filled the premenstrual syndrome questionnaire after weeks for the second time and after weeks for the third time. To analyze the data used for ANOVA and Tukey test at the level of . The results showed, there was a great decrease in the physical and mental symptoms of PMS of the walking group and only in the physical symptoms they were the same for the running group. Comparing the results of the running group with those of the walking group and control group there was a great decrease in the physical symptoms of PMS. It was walking group for which there was a great decrease in symptoms when compared with the running group. Thus, we can say that the decrease in the physical symptoms of PMS for the running group was greater than that for other groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Plasma leptin and adiponectin concentrations in postmenopausal women with breast cancer following aerobic exercise
Mehrzad Moghadasi Reza Nouri Laleh Karami Bonari Shima Gholamalishahi Mohadeseh Nematollahzadeh Mahani -
Open Access Article
8 - A Sliding Mode Controler of Hips Actuated for Passive Walking Robots
Sina Bakhtiari Mahdi Razzaghi Ahmad Samiee -
Open Access Article
9 - A comparative study of walking capability’s level in the of urban neighborhoods.(A case study: criteriaof old and new neighborhoods in the city of Rasht)
ali saffarirad majid shamsAbstract Walking and enhancing walkability in the neighborhood areas may lead to increase security and social relations, accesses, neighborhood identity, the sense of community, neighborhood quality and to reduce environmental quality such as noise and air pollution.Thi MoreAbstract Walking and enhancing walkability in the neighborhood areas may lead to increase security and social relations, accesses, neighborhood identity, the sense of community, neighborhood quality and to reduce environmental quality such as noise and air pollution.This study was to answer the question thathow the walking capability is in the city of Rasht in Guilan. In terms of practical goal, descriptive_ analytical essence, and data collection the current study is on the basis of library research and field work.For this purpose, first walking capability indicators of old and new communities were investigated. Each was compared by standard rules then optimal strategies to improve the walkability of aforementioned areas were presented. Residents of 5 new and 5 old neighborhoods that have a population of 124382 thousands were selected as a statistical society. By using Cochran formula a sample of 366 residents out of population were reselected. In this regard, because of the proximity of the number of new (61722 people) and old communities (62660 people), 183 questionnaires in new and 183 questionnaire in old neighborhoods were completed. In order to understand the gap between studied indices of residents of new and old neighborhoods, due to the nature of interval data, an independent T-Test was used. T-Test results determine that in many of the components between the two communities (respondents) there is a significant difference. In general it can be claimed that according to the field studies, as well as respondents new neighborhood in most cases than the old ones have better conditions in terms of walking capability. Keywords: Walking capability,urban neighborhoods, standard rules, Guilan province, Rasht city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Cane and Its Role in Myths and Religions
Ali Heidary Mohammadrezā Hasani Jaliliān Ali Noori Maryam YārahmadiIn addition to its natural and initial functions, walking stick or cane, as an important cultural and mythical symbol, has a great presence in myths and religions. Once upon a time, it was used as a simple tool in routine tasks; but gradually it acquired new functions i MoreIn addition to its natural and initial functions, walking stick or cane, as an important cultural and mythical symbol, has a great presence in myths and religions. Once upon a time, it was used as a simple tool in routine tasks; but gradually it acquired new functions in the life of people. In subsequent periods and in close relation with the intellectual development of man, it emerged in symbolic form. Symbolic functions of cane have been changed in different mythical and religious periods. Sometimes due to these changes, its connection with its roots is cut away and appears in a different form. On the other hand, along with technological advances, the functions of cane are assigned to more advanced instruments such as spear, bow, sword and modern weapons. In the present article the attempt is made to explain the role of cane and its various functions in myths and epics in conjunction with the gods, kings and heroes. Also, its presence in different religions and its symbolic roles as well as gradual change of these roles are considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Effect of Aerobic Exercise of Walking on Weight and BMI During Pregnancy
Tayyebeh Zarezadeh Nematallah Nemati -
Open Access Article
12 - The Effect of Walking and Consuming Boswellia serrata on the Levels of BDNF and TNFα in Older Men
M. Eskandari B. Shemshadi A. Behjat B. Hooshmand MoghadamWith increased age, the process of destruction and weakening of the functioning of the organs, including the brain, is predictable. Physical activity and proper nutrition are factors that play an important role in the health of the nervous system. Boswellia serrata is o MoreWith increased age, the process of destruction and weakening of the functioning of the organs, including the brain, is predictable. Physical activity and proper nutrition are factors that play an important role in the health of the nervous system. Boswellia serrata is one of the most important herbs in traditional medicine to enhance memory and prevent Alzheimer's disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of aerobic exercise course combined with the use of B. serrata on the amounts of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and alpha-tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) in elderly men. In this quasi-experimental study, 40 elderly men aged 60-70 yr old who were in complete physical and mental health were randomly divided into four groups (exercise, supplement, exercise + supplement, and control). Participants in the training groups participated in the aerobic walking training program for 8 and 3 wk each week. Moreover, the daily supplementary groups received B. serrata 300 mg in chewing and packaged form. The control group did not participate in any intervention during this period. Fasting blood samples were collected before and 24 h after the last intervention. Data were analyzed using t-test, analysis of variance and Tukey at a significance level of 0.05. In the exercise, supplementation, and exercise + supplementation groups after 8 wk, the levels of BDNF and TNFα increased and decreased significantly, respectively (P≤0.05). In addition, there was a significant difference in BDNF and TNFα levels in the exercise + supplement group compared to other groups (P≤0.01). Doing walking and consuming B. serrata independently and combined significantly increase the expression of BDNF and significantly reduce the inflammatory factors in elderly men. Therefore, it is recommended that the combination of walking and consumption B. serrata as a more effective way to maintain health and extend the cognitive and functional benefits of the brain and the nervous system to the elderly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The influence of different ways of backpack carrying on pelvic kinematics during gait among male students
Asefeh Pahlevani Nezhad Parastoo ShamsehKohan Maziar MeghdadiBackground: Carrying a backpack incorrectly can have an impact on the musculoskeletal system. The aim of this study was the influence of different ways of backpack carrying on pelvic kinematics during gait among male students.Methods: Twelve boys aged 7–12 years f MoreBackground: Carrying a backpack incorrectly can have an impact on the musculoskeletal system. The aim of this study was the influence of different ways of backpack carrying on pelvic kinematics during gait among male students.Methods: Twelve boys aged 7–12 years from Yazd participated in this study. Using a three-dimensional motion analysis system, unilateral and bilateral evaluations of walking while carrying backpacks were conducted. The data were processed using MATLAB software. The Shapiro-Wilk test was performed to determine data distribution, and the paired t-test was employed for statistical analysis (p<0.05).Result: According to the research's findings, the two carrying techniques had similar amounts of anterior pelvic tilt. However, the unilateral backpack approach had slightly greater values for this angle. Due to the positioning of the body on the ground and the slower rate of thigh extension, the graph is downward throughout the stance phase of stepping, which comprises approximately the first 60% of the gate cycle. Additionally, the two carrying techniques in this range differ the most from one another. The levels of coordination variability differed by 30 to 40 degrees in various deciles between the two carrying techs. Furthermore, compared to the bilateral carrying approach, the unilateral carrying strategy had substantially higher hip rotation variability.Conclusion: Generally, the results indicated that except for hip-thigh coordination during walking, there are no appreciable differences in the effects of various backpack carrying techniques on the risk factors for hip-thigh injuries. Except for pelvic-thigh coordination during walking, while using various backpack carrying techniques, a significant difference was noticed. Manuscript profile
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