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Open Access Article
1 - Synthesis structural and anti-microbial characterization of nanostructured doped tin oxide
Achyutmohan Chaudhury Utsa Debnath Sujay Munshi Goutam Basak Avigyan Dutta Suvadip Masanta Achintya Singha Aritra Banerjee Debtanu Ghosh Partha Chatterjee Apurba Kanti Deb -
Open Access Article
2 - Effect of transverse wiggler magnetic field on the growth rate of Raman backscattering of X-mode laser in rippled density plasma
Hitendra Malik Manish Dwivedi -
Open Access Article
3 - Phase transformation; structural and optical properties of two dimensional MoO3
Mohammad Reza Khanlary Azita Keshavarz Reza Shakouri Milad Parhizkari -
Open Access Article
4 - Molecular structure, vibrational spectra, UV–vis, NBO, and NMR analyses on nevirapine using ab initio DFT methods
Shanmugam Srinivasan Julie Charles Jayaprakash Ramesh Govindaswamy Ranganathan Ramkumaar Thirumazhisai Jambulingam Bhoopathy Sethu Gunasekaran -
Open Access Article
5 - Micro-Raman studies on thermally evaporated Ag2Se thin films
Mariappan Pandiaraman Natarajan Soundararajan -
Open Access Article
6 - Experimental and theoretical investigation of spontaneous and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy of pure and boron-doped carbon nanotubes
H. Hasan Bouzari L. Farhang Matin R. Malekfar A. Shafiekhani -
Open Access Article
7 - Detection of overtone and combined peaks using Mn/Cu helical star-shaped (pine-tree-like) sculptured thin films in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Reza Babaei Shokoofe Goli-Haghighi Hadi Savaloni -
Open Access Article
8 - Effect of Catalyst on the Growth of Diamond-like Carbon by HFCVD
M. Aghaie M. Ghoranneviss Z. Purrajabi -
Open Access Article
9 - Catalyst of Ni and Co dependencies for carbon nanotube synthesis by CVD method
Morrasa Amani Malkeshi Karim Zare -
Open Access Article
10 - Particular and universal dialectics and development-oriented cultural changes
Adel AbdollahiOn co-existence of local and global cultures, theorists such as Robertson and Giddens focus on the dialectics of the local and global culture. Inspired by this approach, this paper delves into the particular and general dialectics and development-oriented cultural chang MoreOn co-existence of local and global cultures, theorists such as Robertson and Giddens focus on the dialectics of the local and global culture. Inspired by this approach, this paper delves into the particular and general dialectics and development-oriented cultural change in Hawraman. The central questions are: How do local residents think about the dialectics of local and global cultures? What is their impression about universalist and particularistic behaviors? Methodology of the article is qualitative methods. Different techniques such as oral history, content analysis, field observations and interviews are used for data collection.The collected data was analyzed using content and thematic analysis techniques. The results showed that a change has happened in Hawraman handicrafts to increase product sale and efficiency; this is in line with the revival of the local within the framework of global rules. In this regard, Hawramani youth are trying to represent local culture in the media in order to promote tourism and universalization of local culture. Women see economic activity as a liberating behavior which provides them with various opportunities. Also, the people in Hawraman have had a local reading of the universal rules, such as environmental protection, and, in this way, have made the dialectics of the particular and the universal. In this way, they have made the grounds for institutionalization of development-oriented and universalist perspectives. So, it is necessary to pay attention to the cultural contexts of local communities and pave the path of development by appropriately combining the global with the local culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Particular and Universal Dialectics and Development-oriented Cultural Changes
Adel AbdollahiOn co-existence of local and global cultures in the process of globalization, theorists such as Ronald Robertson and Anthony Giddens focus on the dialectics of the local and global culture. Inspired by this approach, this paper delves into the particular and general dia MoreOn co-existence of local and global cultures in the process of globalization, theorists such as Ronald Robertson and Anthony Giddens focus on the dialectics of the local and global culture. Inspired by this approach, this paper delves into the particular and general dialectics and development-oriented cultural change in Hawraman. The central questions of this research are as follows: Can one speak about the coexistence and combination of global and local cultures in Hawraman? How do local residents think about the dialectics of local and global cultures? What is their impression about Universalist and particularistic behaviors? Methodology of the article is based on qualitative methods. Different techniques such as oral history, content analysis, field observations and interviews are used for data collection. Forty-five in-depth interviews were conducted with the studied population. The collected data was analyzed using content and thematic analysis techniques. The results showed that a change has happened in Hawraman handicrafts to increase product sale and efficiency; this is in line with the revival of the local within the framework of global rules. In this regard, Hawramani youth are trying to represent local culture in the media in order to promote tourism and universalization of local culture. Women see economic activity as a liberating behavior which provides them with various opportunities. This behavior of women has led to desexification of economic activities and relative promotion of universal values such as horizontal structure of power in the family. Also, the people in Hawraman have had a local reading of the universal rules, such as environmental protection, and, in this way, have made the dialectics of the particular and the universal. In this way, they have made the grounds for institutionalization of development-oriented and Universalist perspectives. In such circumstances, it is essential that development reformers pay attention to the cultural and social contexts of local communities in their plans and pave the path of development by appropriately combining the global with the local culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Assessment of Social Water Security in Rural Districts of Kermanshah County
Akram Binaian Hosein Agahi Seyed Ehsan FatemiMany parts of the world are confronted with water-based crises, considering the effects of climate change and human activities. Recognizing and deep understanding of the dimensions of resilience and coping of individuals to promote their tolerance threshold is an essent MoreMany parts of the world are confronted with water-based crises, considering the effects of climate change and human activities. Recognizing and deep understanding of the dimensions of resilience and coping of individuals to promote their tolerance threshold is an essential step to deal with water-related events and adjust its consequences. The present study, therefore, aimed to assess the social water security in rural districts of Kermanshah. This study was conducted in 2017 in descriptive and survey method. It makes use of a Cluster sampling method and regarding Morgan table, the sample size includes 376 members of households of 5 rural districts of Kermanshah. The analysis of the results of weighting social security dimensions by experts, infrastructure Resilience and coping capacity against drought were crucially significant in shaping the concept of social security of water. Considering the components' weight, Doroudfaraman and Jalalvand rural districts had the highest average of resilience and the Mahidasht rural district had the highest average of coping capacity. Generally, the level social security of water in all studied districts was relatively low and Mahidasht district owns the highest average. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Detection of Chemical Properties of Ghee Containing Various Levels of Palm Oil and Beef Tallow on RSM
S. H. Erfani M. Ghavami S. Shoeibi H. Rastegar A. Zand Moghaddam -
Open Access Article
14 - Non-destructive spectroscopic methods in the identification and quantitative measurement of various mycotoxins in pistachios
Rouhollah Karami-Osboo fahimeh faridshayganThe problem of aflatoxin contamination of pistachios is one of the important research issues and one of the national and regional problems of this valuable product and pistachio exporting countries have always used this tactic against Iranian pistachios in order to comp MoreThe problem of aflatoxin contamination of pistachios is one of the important research issues and one of the national and regional problems of this valuable product and pistachio exporting countries have always used this tactic against Iranian pistachios in order to compete in the international market. Many agricultural products are at risk of aflatoxin contamination and have been allowed in food due to health hazards. So in agriculture, we need controllers or processors of products, which are fast and cheap. The presence of fungi and the feeding of spores causes them to grow and produce more toxins in the product. The purpose of this study was to review the use of a spectroscopic method (surface-enhanced Raman SERS or FTIR) to detect the type and concentration of aflatoxin in pistachios using a simple method and rapid one-step extraction to discover and implement the method for analysis and Analysis is in place. The proposed SERS method can be used as a powerful tool to generate useful power for analysis with great accuracy and convenience to detect aflatoxins in many parts of the sample required for rapid analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Mystic Thoughts in Mohammad Qahraman’s poem
Habibollah Bakhshudeh Siyavash Moradi Manizheh Zare’eiMohammad Qahraman is a contemporary poet and researcher who, in addition to writing all kinds of poetry in Farsi and the local dialect of Torbat Heydarieh, published the divan of several poets of the Indian style, such as Sa’eb Tabrizi, and is one of the most infl MoreMohammad Qahraman is a contemporary poet and researcher who, in addition to writing all kinds of poetry in Farsi and the local dialect of Torbat Heydarieh, published the divan of several poets of the Indian style, such as Sa’eb Tabrizi, and is one of the most influential poets of the last five decades of Khorasan. He wrote most of his poems in the form of traditional ghazal. The hero is a follower of the Indian style and has benefited from this famous style in terms of structure and content. This contemporary poet has paid special attention to mystical concepts and terms in his sonnets. In the present research, which was done in a documentary way, the poet's view of the mystical poetry is based on the mystical traditional texts. The attention of mystical authorities and terms, mention of Tahmidiyeh and beautiful mystical prayers, the composition of eight ‘Sāqi-Nameh’s in the form of sonnets, and the hiring of pub essentials and Wine in the service of mysticism has made the poetry book of his life worth reading. The authors of this research article, while analyzing the content of the mystical sonnets of Mohammad Qahraman, have investigated the content relations of his poetry with mystical texts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Identification of Fe3+ content in Epidote from Varan, Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc, Iran: using FTIR and Raman spectroscopy
Bahman Rahimzadeh Zheira Ghosoun Fariborz Masoudi -
Open Access Article
17 - Raman spectroscopy study of the secondary actinolite in gabbrodiorite intrusive rocks from Varan area, Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Arc, Iran
Ghosoun Zheira Bahman Rahimzadeh Fariborz Masoudi -
Open Access Article
18 - Interaction of Prolin, Leucine and methylurea with inorganic cluster [(PO4)M12O36].nH2O; (M = Mo, W)
parya nasehi Saeide Sayyahi Zahra Naeimavi Mohsen Nikpour -
Open Access Article
19 - Interaction of Prolin, Leucine and methylurea with inorganic cluster [(PO4)M12O36].nH2O; (M = Mo, W)
Paria Nasehi Saeide Sayyahi Zahra Naeimavi Mohsen Nikpour -
Open Access Article
20 - Identifying the Mobility Patterns of Human Societies in the Hawraman Cultural Landscape Based on the Ethnoarchaeological Approach
Hassan Ramezani Abbas Motarjem -
Open Access Article
21 - Investigation of scattering caused by electric field in TiO2 nanocrystals
majid shabzendehA combination of external Electric Field and Raman backscattering, as a new method called Electric Field Induced Raman scattering, has been used to study TiO2 Nanocrystallites. This method can be widely used to obtain phononic properties of materials. In this article, w MoreA combination of external Electric Field and Raman backscattering, as a new method called Electric Field Induced Raman scattering, has been used to study TiO2 Nanocrystallites. This method can be widely used to obtain phononic properties of materials. In this article, we report the fabrication of TiO2 Nanoparticles and their restriction in our lab by a simple modified sol-gel process. Moreover, the TiO2 Nanocrystallites synthesized were characterized by X-ray Diffraction and back scattering Raman techniques. Furthermore, the effects of an external direct current electric field on the lattice internal and external modes of the Nanocrystallites were investigated by the recorded in situ Raman data. Our results show that the applied external electric field can make a strong interaction and widening of the Raman active modes, the intensity amplifying and possible peak shifts in the Raman spectra can be observed.In this article, an attempt is made to investigate the effect of electric field on nanoparticles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Laser Raman Spectroscopy of Chemical Phases in Fluid Overburdens of Copper Mine, Masjid Daghi Gold in Northwest Iran
solat atalouMasjed daghi ore is located within the magmatic-metallogenic zone of Arasbaran and within the division of structural zones in Iran in Alborz-Azerbaijan zone.The vastest rocks in mineralization area are andesite to trachyandesite. There are latite tuff, agglomerate andes MoreMasjed daghi ore is located within the magmatic-metallogenic zone of Arasbaran and within the division of structural zones in Iran in Alborz-Azerbaijan zone.The vastest rocks in mineralization area are andesite to trachyandesite. There are latite tuff, agglomerate andesite, and hornblende porphyry basalt in eastern hills and Eocene flysch in south of the regionThe host intrusive rocks of the mineralization are diorite porphyry are diorite porphyry and alterations include potassic, phyllic, argillic and silicification.The most prevalent mineralization texture is the dispersive texture and other open-space-filling texture, vein and veinlets, have been common either.In addition to stock work zones and thick silicate veins, the presence of diorite and maffic dikes, mineralized grey silicate veins, white silicate, silicate-barite, sulfide, gypsum and calcity are among important phenomena Masjed daghi ore.Petrography studies in 26 doubly polished thin sections and the measurement of geothermometry parameters of 105 primary fluid inclusions were carried out in 6 boreholes in four groups of grey silicate, white silicate, white-grey silicate, and silicate-barite veins.The presence of unknown solid phases, opaque solid phases along with salt phases and eutectic temperature (average of -40.86 Co) of fluid inclusions in Masjed daghi reinforced the necessity of recognizing all phases within fluid inclusions. 10 fluid inclusions were selected based on petrography studies and analyzed by laser Raman spectroscopy method. Laser Raman Spectroscopy was utilized and based on the main peaks of Raman intensity of the minerals such as magnetite, anglesite, malachite, serussite, corundum, orthoclase, anhydriteparagonite, hematite, within fluid inclusions in Masjed daghi area was investigated Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch Tehran, Iran
S.M.M. Shafiei H. Raeisifard -
Open Access Article
24 - Design of Biosensor for Diagnosis of Bio-molecules Using Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Babak Hassanshahi Sayyedjavad Sayyedfattahi -
Open Access Article
25 - مطالعه تحول هویت فرهنگی در بین دختران دبیرستانی مطالعهی موردیِ دانش آموزان دبیرستان اسراء (کردستان ایران؛ هورامانِ تخت)
مصطفی ازکیا شهلا کاظمی پور عادل عبداللهیدر عصر اطلاعات و ارتباطات سیال شدن هویت در خلال گسترش رسانهها و وسایل ارتباطی، سرعتی فزاینده به خود گرفته است. اگرچه روند مذکور، در جوامع در حال گذار کندتر از جوامع توسعهیافته است ولی نکتهی حائز اهمیت آن است که این روند رو به فزونی است و مؤلفههای ساختاری نفوذ سنتی خ Moreدر عصر اطلاعات و ارتباطات سیال شدن هویت در خلال گسترش رسانهها و وسایل ارتباطی، سرعتی فزاینده به خود گرفته است. اگرچه روند مذکور، در جوامع در حال گذار کندتر از جوامع توسعهیافته است ولی نکتهی حائز اهمیت آن است که این روند رو به فزونی است و مؤلفههای ساختاری نفوذ سنتی خود را در هویتبخشی به افراد از دست دادهاند. هدف از این مقاله مطالعهی کیفیِ تحول هویت فرهنگی دختران دبیرستان اسرای هورامان تخت است. روش کیفی و نظریهی بنیانی مبنای روششناسی مقاله را تشکیل دادهاند. دادههای میدانی مبتنی بر فنون مصاحبهی عمیق و مشاهده میباشند. نتایج مطالعه نشان داد که عناصر مدرن وارد شاکلهی هویت دخترانِ هورامانی شده و آنها به دنبال تجربهی منابع جدید هویتساز هستند. همچنین عواملی از قبیل تجربهی فضای مدرسه، الگویابی از فضای رسانه و فراخترشدن گسترهی موسیقیِ هویتبخش زمینه-های بازاندیشی روزافزون در منابع سنتی هویتساز را فراهم نموده است. از اینرو، میتوان اذعان داشت که بر خلاف نظریههای ساختارگرا، افراد مورد مطالعه درصدد بازاندیشی در کنشهای هویتساز در درون الزامهای ساختاری هستند و برآنند تا هویتی متفاوت از اشکال سنتیِ آن به نمایش بگذارند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Qualify Investigation and Detection of Major Constituents of Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) Essential oil by Physical Methods as an Alternative to GC-MS
Mozhgan Jamshidian, Reza Dehghani Bidgoli Mehrdad MoradiThis article deals with evaluate the purity and detection of peppermint essential oil compositions using different spectrometry and refraction spectrometry methods and to compare them with chromatography. The conventional method for identifying and analyzing essential o MoreThis article deals with evaluate the purity and detection of peppermint essential oil compositions using different spectrometry and refraction spectrometry methods and to compare them with chromatography. The conventional method for identifying and analyzing essential oils is a costly gas chromatography-coupled mass spectrometer. For this purpose, peppermint essential oil extract was first extracted and its main constituents were identified by chromatogram, menthol and menthon. Then using fast and low cost Raman spectroscopy method with three different spectrometers, two compounds of menthon and menthol were determined. Refractometry and FTIR spectroscopy were used to evaluate the purity of peppermint essential oil. Concentrations of 20, 30, 40, 60, 80 and 90 peppermint essential oils were manually made by cyclohexane solvent. These different concentrations and sample were tested by Refractometry and FTIR spectroscopy. As the results show, infrared spectroscopy is not capable of quantitatively identifying the essence of pure peppermint and its diluted concentrations and is only capable of qualitatively identifying different molecules, but can be clearly distinguishable by the use of refractive index analysis of different concentrations and pure samples. Therefore, Raman spectroscopy and refractive analysis is a fast and inexpensive method capable of identifying the major constituents and determining the purity of the essential oils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - The growth of Diamond like carbon nanostructures: Investigation of the affecting factors
Morasa Amani Malkeshi karim Zare Mahmood Ghorannevis Zohre Ghorannevis omid Moradi -
Open Access Article
28 - Raman Analysis of DLC Nanostructure Coating on AL 6061-T6 Made by DC Pulsed- PACVD
Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Shafiei Hamed Raeiesifard -
Open Access Article
29 - Simulation and Analysis of the Effect of Parameters on the Spectral Response of Electric Field Enhancement Factor in the Proposed AFM-TERS System
Mohsen Katebi Jahromi Rahim Ghayour Zahra AdelpourOne of the most important advances in Raman spectroscopy in recent years has been its integration with scanning probe microscopes (SPM), especially atomic force microscopes (AFM). Currently, AFM is recognized as one of the best imaging methods for studying the distribut MoreOne of the most important advances in Raman spectroscopy in recent years has been its integration with scanning probe microscopes (SPM), especially atomic force microscopes (AFM). Currently, AFM is recognized as one of the best imaging methods for studying the distribution of heterogeneous surface in nanoscale dimensions. Scientists are now focused on obtaining more enhancement factor of electric field, to the extent that detection and mapping of only one molecule has become possible with this method. Therefore, spatial resolution is being improved in detecting sub-molecule levels. In this paper, using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) calculation method, the effect of changing the parameters of the probe such as cone angle, tip radius and its material on the electric field intensity near the apex of the probe is investigated. In addition, the effect of polarization of light on the increase of electric field has been analyzed. The simulation results obtained for different cone angles show that the cone angle of 30 degree creates the highest amount of electric field enhancement factor at the tip apex. Furthermore, the use of laser source with radially polarized light and the use of substrate are very effective factors on improving the electric field enhancement factor. Finally, the maximum value of electric field enhancement factor of the proposed configuration is 3.2×104, where this value has been improved significantly comparing to the results reported in the previous papers published in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - New Approaches of Education and Training in the Poetry of the Constitutional Poet Mirza Ghahraman Pakbin Malayeri
Rasul heydari samaneh amiriThe poetry of Constitutional period has a special status in terms of a new view at the basics of education. As one of the eloquent and thoughtful poets of this period whose name and value is less known, is Mirza Ghahraman Pakbin Malayeri. He was introduced to the litera MoreThe poetry of Constitutional period has a special status in terms of a new view at the basics of education. As one of the eloquent and thoughtful poets of this period whose name and value is less known, is Mirza Ghahraman Pakbin Malayeri. He was introduced to the literary community by the famous literary figure, Vahid Dastgerdi. In an introduction to his collection of the poems, Mir Jalaluddin Kazazi called Malayeri as "one of the few heroes of Persian language in the early days of Constitutionalism". He compared the eloquence and maturity of Malayeri's poems to those of Iraj Mirzā and Bahār. Using a descriptive-analytical research method, the present study aims at analyzing the most important educational subjects related to the issues of the Constitutional era, reflected in the Ghahraman’s poems. Advising to learn new knowledge, believing in the need to use religion to control civilization, paying attention to the rights of the sufferings, paying attention to the women’s education, etc. are some of the important educational topics in his poetry. Statistical analysis shows that among the Constitutional teachings reflected in Ghahraman educational poems, two topics of "recommending to learn new knowledge" and "inviting to work and condemning laziness" have a higher frequency. Moreover, in a general estimation, approximately 65% of the Ghahraman's educational poems contain the new didactic trainings arising from the Constitutional intellectual situation. Based upon this, Ghahraman’s thoughts in the matters relevant to education and training were progressive, intelligent, and demanding. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - analysis effects of Handicraft’s producing on the sustainable livelihoods capitals of rural households, (Case Study: Oraman district in Kurdistan province)
farzad veisi sadi mohammadi mojdeh azimiIntroduction: Today, handicrafts are a part of the rural economy of rural households, and if properly planned, they can play a more important role in the villages of Oraman.Research aim: The purpose of this research is to analyze the effects of handicraft production on MoreIntroduction: Today, handicrafts are a part of the rural economy of rural households, and if properly planned, they can play a more important role in the villages of Oraman.Research aim: The purpose of this research is to analyze the effects of handicraft production on sustainable livelihood capital of rural households in Oraman Takht area of Sarovabad city in Kurdistan province.Methodology: Statistical Society this research Descriptive- Analytical, was Sarvabad county Uraman district located in the Kurdistan province (N=4192). Comparison of different levels of livelihood Capital in The two gorup villages at no crafts and crafts producer. Sample sizebase on Cochran formula was 351 sample. The research instrument included a questionnaire for five livelihoods (physical, human, social, financial and natural capitals) and handicrafts. The reliability of the designed questionnaire was confirmed with coefficient of 0.79.Studied Areas: The geographical area of this research is Oraman district of Sarovabad county in Kurdistan province.Results: The results of Friedman and Kruskal Wallis tests showed that there is a significant difference between financial, natural and physical capital in two groups of households. Also, the results of Spearman's correlation coefficient showed that there is a significant relationship between handicrafts and rural livelihoods. Correlation intensity showed that handicrafts had the most positive impact on physical, physical and natural capital, respectively. In terms of capital ranking in two groups in the group of handicraft producers are physical, natural, financial, social and human capital, respectively, and among households without handicraft production, human, social, financial, natural and Physically ranked. It should be noted that in any livelihood capital, the average of household without handicrafts is not equal or greater than the average sustainable livelihood capital of a household with handicrafts.Conclusion: According to the data analysis, it can be concluded that handicrafts have played a very important role in promoting sustainable livelihoods of households in the group of households producing handicrafts. In order to improve the livelihood capital of rural households and reduce poverty and develop rural housing, planners and executives should consider the production and training of handicrafts in rural households. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Tourism and Empowering Village Economic(Case Study: Rural of Oramantakht)
majid shams mohamad ahmadi dehrashid mahnaz khodakaramiIn recent years, tourism is considered as an important industry in the world ; both in the number of participants and generated economic is high ranked. According to the continuous negotiation about stable development and opinions of most theoreticians, tourism can be p MoreIn recent years, tourism is considered as an important industry in the world ; both in the number of participants and generated economic is high ranked. According to the continuous negotiation about stable development and opinions of most theoreticians, tourism can be posed as the main and primary skeleton in stable development. According to the tourism industry divisions which tourism is its inalienable part, upon data and suitable planning in indentifying current potentials and limitations in village tourism, empowering positive features, omitting negative facts in stable development, and stabilizing economic and population balance we can pace an affective and positive foot to deliver tourism and village tourism definitions, determine studying limits, identify advantage and disadvantages of the area; finally, we give appropriate strategy and alternative. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - The study of the position and application of Persian and Kurdish languages in Uramanat from the point of view of social linguistics
Saeed Ahmadi Bahman ZandiIn this essay it is tried to study the placement and usage of Persian and Kurdish languages in Awramanat (Paveh, Javanrood, Ravansar and Salas – e – Babajani townships.Based on this among the statistical community (four townships of Awramanat), 450 examinees MoreIn this essay it is tried to study the placement and usage of Persian and Kurdish languages in Awramanat (Paveh, Javanrood, Ravansar and Salas – e – Babajani townships.Based on this among the statistical community (four townships of Awramanat), 450 examinees are selected randomly as samples. In this essay adjusted questionnaire of Parasher's research pattern (1980) was used. The examinees were asked to mark Persian or Kurdish language in Social , family , friendship , vicinity , trade , education and administration realms according to a four choices scale which its choices are "Always" , "Often" , "Sometimes " and "Never". The questionnaire has 36 questions which ranked from informal to formal according to the realms' formality. When the questionnaires gathered data processed by computer. T-test, pair test and One –way analysis of variance are statistical methods used to analyze the findings of the essay. Analysis of findings shows that differences in using the two languages (Persian and Kurdish) by different age, education and gender groups and married people whose spouse is Kurd or is not Kurd are meaningful statistically in such a way that young and educated people use Persian more than others in administration , education and friendship realms more than other realms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Improvement of Antioxidant Enzymes Activity of Zea mays L. After Treatment with Magnetized Water
Maryam Soleymani Faezeh Ghanati Somayeh Mohamadalikhani Hasan Zare maivanAlthough the exact mechanism(s) of the effects of magnetic fields on plants is not completely understood, available evidences suggest that the effects of these fields are mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activity of antioxidant system. In the present study, MoreAlthough the exact mechanism(s) of the effects of magnetic fields on plants is not completely understood, available evidences suggest that the effects of these fields are mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activity of antioxidant system. In the present study, the effects of a magnetic field (110 mT) on physical and chemical properties of water, and the effect of magnetized water on the antioxidant system activity of maize plants were investigated. Raman and FTIR absorption spectra of water before and after magnetization were compared. While the Raman spectrum of magnetized and normal water were identical, the intensity of FTIR absorption spectrum of magnetized water was significantly increased, suggesting changes in the distribution of hydrogen bound among water molecules and increase of its solubility. In comparison with the control plants, irrigation with magnetized water resulted in the increase of antioxidant enzymes activity i.e., SOD and CAT as well as increase of the contents of non-enzymatic compounds e.g., anthocyanins of the plants. In addition, lower amounts of H2O2, and lower activity of POD was observed in magnetized water-irrigated plants, compared to the control group. All together, these changes resulted in the maintenance of membrane integrity and improvement of growth and development of those plants which were irrigated with magnetized water. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Analyzing the sustainable designing to reduce the negative human impact on rural environment, Case study: Oramanat of Iran
Hassan Feridonzadeh Fahimeh Yari