Pragmatism

Open Access Article

1 - Conceptualization of business excellence model: Based on future study approach
Yousof Malek Mirzaee Mohammad Mahmoudi Maymand Ali Rajabzadeh Mahmoud Samiei Nasr

This is a philosophical study with critical paradigm, using symbolic interactionism with fundamental orientation, inductive reasoning, the qualitative library-based approach, the Grounded Theory, meta-synthesis and the content analysis method. It aims to describe and ex More

This is a philosophical study with critical paradigm, using symbolic interactionism with fundamental orientation, inductive reasoning, the qualitative library-based approach, the Grounded Theory, meta-synthesis and the content analysis method. It aims to describe and explore the business excellence model and identify its variables and indicators based on a futuristic approach. Using the meta-synthesis and meta-analysis techniques, the methods involve open, axial and selective coding, resulting in a new concept. The required data were collected through a review and study of the documents on business excellence models. The study specifically focused on the models set forth in valid magazines and journals with the theoretical sampling logic in order to reach theoretical saturation. We used two long-term and holistic participatory strategies for validity, as well as two coders with agreement on open coding for reliability. We used the MAXQDA software for data analysis. The findings of this study were obtained from 101 conceptual models of business excellence and 869 concepts or open codes at the coding stage. Then the basic codes with the same meanings were divided into 24 major categories, which led to the creation of five dimensions at the selective coding stage and a theoretical concept with the dimensions of people, market, work, management, and underlying factors. This theory made an important contribution to the success of small and medium-sized businesses by taking into account the new paradigms for assessing businesses in the future. Manuscript profile

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2 - Study of Knowledge in Gramsci's Theories and Its Role in Epistemological Sociology
Garineh Keshishyan Siraki

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3 - Designing an Audit Quality Pragmatism Model based on the Recommendations of the UK Financial Reporting Council (RFC)
Sanaz Hadji Khosro Faghani Makrani Naghi Fazeli

10.30495/jma.2022.21074

The expectation gap as a process of audit reporting is rooted in the gap between theory and practice, an area that, while important for developing quality audit effectiveness, is due to a lack of pragmatic perception or so-called pragmatism and a lack of focus on the ar More

The expectation gap as a process of audit reporting is rooted in the gap between theory and practice, an area that, while important for developing quality audit effectiveness, is due to a lack of pragmatic perception or so-called pragmatism and a lack of focus on the area. The development of the market realities sector has been virtually neglected in audit research. The purpose of this research is designing an audit quality pragmatism model based on the recommendations of the UK Financial Reporting Council (RFC). In this study, considering that there was no clear and coherent basis for the pragmatic quality of the audit report, based on the qualitative part methodology, an attempt was made to identify the dimensions of this issue based on the content analysis structure process. Therefore, in terms of the result of this research, it is developmental, and in terms of its applied purpose, it is in the category of mixed research in terms of research data collection. The target population in the qualitative section was 11 accounting experts who had a more tangible understanding of audit quality through similar research. Also in the quantitative part of the research, 14 independent auditors with more than 3 years of professional experience, who were determined based on the technique of selecting information gatekeepers, participated by filling out matrix questionnaires. The results of the research indicated the existence of two components of disclosure of key cases and disclosure of continuity of activity in the audit report and 11 themes related to the identified components as the basis of pragmatism of audit quality in the qualitative part. The results of the research indicated the existence of two components of disclosure of Key Audit Matters and disclosure of Issuance of a Going Concern Opinion in the audit report and 11 themes related to the identified components as the basis of pragmatism of audit quality in the qualitative part. The results in the quantitative part also showed that the disclosures of the assessment of the leverage ability of the company in A3 refunds and the disclosure of the level of financial obligations of the company "A11" are among the components of Issuance of a Going Concern Opinion in the audit report which were ranked at the fourth level of model prioritization as the most influential themes of the pragmatic quality of the audit report. Manuscript profile

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4 - Hick’s Pluralism: Challenge between Realism and Antirealism
ثریا سلاحوَرزی

According to pluralism, in all great religious traditions, the unique finaltruth is experienced and comprehended in different forms. Here, amongthree kinds of pluralism, Hick’s pluralism is examined. His pluralism ismainly based on two principles: (1) Kant’s More

According to pluralism, in all great religious traditions, the unique finaltruth is experienced and comprehended in different forms. Here, amongthree kinds of pluralism, Hick’s pluralism is examined. His pluralism ismainly based on two principles: (1) Kant’s epistemological model; (2)truth-coherentism.According to Kant’s model, the nature of Haq [= the Truth] in Himself, isbeyond the limits of man-made concepts. Haq is called “inexpressible” inWestern religious language, “without-form” in Eastern religious language,and “noumenal truth” in Kantian language, being experienced by humanbeings in the form of a chain of divine phenomena.Some objections are proposed to this view, seemingly similar to the viewsof proponents of Ta’til (Gnosticists) in Islamic tradition. Truth has newconnotation in Hick’s view, which is different from that of Islamicphilosophers such as ‘Allāmeheh Tabātābei andd Motahhari.Hick’s view, finally, approaches to pragmatist view, since he refers to theeffectiveness of religions as an evidence for the Absolute Being.Therefore, we can see a turn in his views from coherentism towardspragmatism. Manuscript profile

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5 - The Trace of Pragmatism in Niels Bohr’s Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics
سید رضا ملیح افسانه آشکاری

It is a common view that, most of the elements of Copenhageninterpretation, as the first and the most famous interpretation ofquantum mechanics, is rooted historically and philosophically, logicalpositivism. The aim of this paper is to show that, philosophically,pragmat More

It is a common view that, most of the elements of Copenhageninterpretation, as the first and the most famous interpretation ofquantum mechanics, is rooted historically and philosophically, logicalpositivism. The aim of this paper is to show that, philosophically,pragmatism supports Copenhagen interpretation more intensively,whether or not the initiators of the interpretation, such as Niels Bohr asthe most important figure of the interpretation, were aware of that. Weproclaim that some elements of the interpretation, which are consistentwith logical positivism, are perfectly supported by pragmatism. Someof these elements are: weak objectivism, senselessness of the conceptof “thing in itself”, instrumentalist approaches to theories, and theavoidance to deal with ontological issues irrespective of experiment.Furthermore, and more particularly, it is argued that pragmatismespouses some of other fundamental and important elements ofCopenhagen interpretation such as holism, uncertainty principle, andcomplementarity. Manuscript profile

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6 - Protecting the rights of urban animals by following the example of leading countries
nafise maktabi sepanta mojtahedzade Shima Arab Asadi

10.30495/jest.2022.56743.5219

Animals that live near humans and in urban areas are often killed by disease and car accidents and are harassed and abused. These animals have a very low level of well-being. Human concerns about the transmission of diseases, especially rabies and bites, and the high re More

Animals that live near humans and in urban areas are often killed by disease and car accidents and are harassed and abused. These animals have a very low level of well-being. Human concerns about the transmission of diseases, especially rabies and bites, and the high reproductive capacity of these animals have led humans to take control of urban animals. This study seeks to answer the question of what Iran has done to control the population of urban animals while protecting their rights and whether it has been successful in this regard. This study seeks to answer the question of what Iran has done to control the population of urban animals while protecting their rights and whether it has been successful in this regard. Manuscript profile

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7 - Common Egyptian Allusions from Terms' Pragmatism Aspect
Askar Babazadeh Aqdam Hossein Taktabar Firouzjaei gYasra Shademan

Terms' pragmatic aspect is one of the language theories which shows the context's effect on content. By context it means the outside format of terms system which divides into verbal and non-verbal parts. Allusion expresses special view point in which research and analys More

Terms' pragmatic aspect is one of the language theories which shows the context's effect on content. By context it means the outside format of terms system which divides into verbal and non-verbal parts. Allusion expresses special view point in which research and analysis is possible by terms' realism; the theory which studies verbal fields out of terms' system and attempts to understand the term's method and application. The present paper studies common Egyptian allusions with analytical – descriptive method. The results show that allusion would be analyzed according to its type and in the non-verbal format. Uwais's theory which knows verbal text as a non-verbal feature of a text is ignored. One of unique features of Egyptian allusions is their simplicity and effectiveness. Manuscript profile

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8 - Critique of the Functioning of Religion in the Politics of Pragmatism
Rashid Rekabian Hasan Aliyari

10.22034/sej.2020.1885156.1213

  The purpose of this study was to investigate the position and relationships of religion and politics in the school of pragmatism. In this regard, first with a descriptive-analytical method, a thorough look at the foundations, basics, characteristics, and contexts More

  The purpose of this study was to investigate the position and relationships of religion and politics in the school of pragmatism. In this regard, first with a descriptive-analytical method, a thorough look at the foundations, basics, characteristics, and contexts of the emergence and formation of the Pragmatic School,then Pragmatists' views of politics and religion were then explained, and the implications and how interaction between religion and politics in the school of pragmatism were examined.The results showed,The pragmatic view of religion, derives from the humanist and pragmatic view of its thinkers.By virtually denying the origin of religion, it reduces religion to its practical functions and downgrades it to an instrumental, personal, and empirical point.It is interpreted in light of its application that may have individual, moral, and social benefits to human beings, and that religion is not allowed to interfere in politics. In addition, politics in this school is not an ideal mission, but only as a pragmatic philosophy. Manuscript profile

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9 - Analyzing Speech act of Main four character of Kalila and Dimna’s Lion and Ox Chapter Based on Robert Plutchik's Theory
Mahdi Tahari Asl Alireza Nabiloo

10.30495/dk.2020.677780

Pragmatism is subfield of linguistic which studies the implied meaning and the hidden intentions. Speech act is one of the main pragmatic theories that impacts on the both philosophy and literature.In the same line, speech act can be interpreted base More

Pragmatism is subfield of linguistic which studies the implied meaning and the hidden intentions. Speech act is one of the main pragmatic theories that impacts on the both philosophy and literature.In the same line, speech act can be interpreted based on the useful theories.So, Authors suggest Plutchik's theory to do the exact interpret of speech acts. He considered there to be eight primary emotions—anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise, anticipation, trust, and joy. This article poses the relation between speech act and its characters emotions.The largest chapter Kalia and Dimna is Lion and Ox whose number of dialogues are striking. Explaining the history of pragmatic and speech act, Authors analyze the main four characters dialogues based on Plutchik's.The results show that in spite of high frequency of the directive and representative speech act,the different emotions are transmitted from Abulmaa'li to reader.Thus,while starting in hope and continues in prudishness, Dimna’s speech acts is finished with anger.  Also,As Kalila's speech acts are started in caution ، his emotions continued in expectancy   and finished with sorrow.  Moreover, triggered with fear, lion's speech acts are continued with anger and gets finished with guilt. Finally,Ox's speech acts are started with fear and continued with submission and finished with fatalism. Manuscript profile

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10 - Rostam is protagonist of pragmatists or antagonist of idealists? (a case study from pragmatism viewpoint)
Seyedeh Maryam Mirhoseini Fatemeh Heydari

pragmatism is one of the recent philosophies in the world that concentrates on the components of human utopia and proposes consequentialist activism, or practical expediency. This philosophy has a different look at the topics as justice, law and morality. Ferdowsi's Sha More

pragmatism is one of the recent philosophies in the world that concentrates on the components of human utopia and proposes consequentialist activism, or practical expediency. This philosophy has a different look at the topics as justice, law and morality. Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is a heroic book and an exalted manifestation of the culture and behavior of a nation. Thus it can be of great interest to pragmatist theorists. The relations between utopia of Ferdowsi and pragmatism can be achieved by looking at mythologic community of Shahnameh and analyzing personality of Rostam and other heroes of Shahnameh in terms of these criteria. The authors of this article, in the first place introduce pragmatism and its theorists, then they compare the ideal society of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh with  pragmatic utopia.  The methodology of this article is a descriptive-analytic one and the material concerning pragmatism collected from translated texts. Meanwhile, looking at Rostam personality as a myth and representative of Iranians in Shahnameh reveals that the activities of Rostam and other heroes in Shahnameh were pragmatic and influential along their aims and their society. Manuscript profile

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11 - Educational theory and curriculum approach from the perspective of the new pragmatism
mohammad reza yousefzadeh

The philosophy history of education has been faced with five vital and important words. These words have defined five positions in discussing about teaching and learning in the modern world. The words are including: mind, democracy, oppression, socialization, anecdotes More

The philosophy history of education has been faced with five vital and important words. These words have defined five positions in discussing about teaching and learning in the modern world. The words are including: mind, democracy, oppression, socialization, anecdotes and stories. The first three terms are respectively associated with the names of Frederick Herbart, Dewey and Paulo Frère, that have been raised in the United States, Latin America and Africa. Socialization by using the knowledge tool is relevant to Marxism, which has been interpreted mainly in Brazil, France and Italy. The term of stories and anecdotes is also used by different people in different parts of the world and is the term considered by proponents of modern pragmatism. Many experts believe that perhaps the most significant development in American philosophy in the recent times could be the renaissance in pragmatism or the neo-pragmatism. Due to the raised cases, the main purpose of this article was the evaluation of educational theory and curriculum approach from the perspective of the modern pragmatism. The study was a cross-sectional research. Previous studies have shown that the foundations of modern pragmatism should be searched among the ideas of people such as Rorty, Quien, Pathnam, Bernestien, West, Davidson, Dewey, Shusterman and Brandon. Neo-pragmatism emphasizes on principles such as rejection of fundamental epistemology, language, uity of knowledge, social cohesion instead of pure objectivity and education for democratic wise citizen. From the perspective of neo-pragmatism, an educational theory should be practical with three features, descriptive, explanatory and specific. They have been mentioned five steps for training including the anecdote, linking an anecdote with the issues of life, creating new anecdote, reviewing the story and comparing it with national and collective stories. They have introduced the best curricula approach for pre-university as an integrated approach and project-based approach for the time after the university. Manuscript profile

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12 - Analysis of the dimensions of educational pragmatism in compiling the subject of math textbooks
reyhaneh sadat mehdizadeh ebrahim reyhani سعید haghjoo

10.30486/jsre.2023.1964293.2199

The main goal of this research is to analyze changes in the dimensions of educational pragmatism in the function chapter of mathematics textbooks using a mixed (quantitative-qualitative) method. The study focuses on the "function" chapter of two textbooks: "Mathematics More

The main goal of this research is to analyze changes in the dimensions of educational pragmatism in the function chapter of mathematics textbooks using a mixed (quantitative-qualitative) method. The study focuses on the "function" chapter of two textbooks: "Mathematics (1) 10th grade of the second high school Period" published in 2020 and "Mathematics (3) and (4) of the second year of the New secondary education system" published in 1997. The statistical population of the research consists of mathematics teachers who have taught the two mentioned textbooks, and the sample was selected non-randomly from available mathematics teachers and educational leaders. To begin, the content of the textbooks was analyzed using a quantitative method based on John Dewey's "educational pragmatism" theory. A total of 87 completed questionnaires designed as a Likert scale were analyzed and the questionnaire was adapted from Jarrah et al.'s research and localized. The reliability of the questionnaire was verified using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.86. Following this, a qualitative method was used, in which a five-person expert group analyzed the contents of the chapters of the two textbooks under the four dimensions of pragmatism: usefulness, interest, experience, and integration. The expert group coded the results. The joint analysis of the questionnaire and coding showed that the textbook published in 2020 had a more favorable situation in terms of the components and dimensions of pragmatism compared to the textbook published in 1997. Finally, suggestions for future editions of the textbook are presented, with an emphasis on the experience dimension. Manuscript profile

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13 - Manifestation of Research and Practice from Rumi’s Viewpoint
Parvin Rezaie

Reflecting on Rumi's thoughts and delving deeper for the mystical researcher, it is renewed every time a new creation is received. In the contemporary era of applied research there is a great deal of interest and this subject is also discoverable in Mathnawi. In this pa More

Reflecting on Rumi's thoughts and delving deeper for the mystical researcher, it is renewed every time a new creation is received. In the contemporary era of applied research there is a great deal of interest and this subject is also discoverable in Mathnawi. In this paper, the author discusses mystical ideas in pragmatics in a descriptive-analytic way. The findings of the study show that what the West and its theorists today speak of and argue as pragmatism has practically made its way into Iranian culture and literature. He has very carefully understood and knows that human interest and even the current generation are those teachings that are consistent with action. Manuscript profile

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14 - Investigating the influential factors in the success of women's entrepreneurial business in Tehran
Zahra Hashemzadeh Forouzan nazanin malakiean

10.30495/jwsf.2020.1891179.1422

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the success of entrepreneurial women's business in Tehran. The statistical population of this study is women entrepreneurs who are active in various economic and social fields. Using the Cochran's More

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the success of entrepreneurial women's business in Tehran. The statistical population of this study is women entrepreneurs who are active in various economic and social fields. Using the Cochran's formula and Morgan's table, 300 people were identified as sample sizes. In terms of design, the research is a survey-applied type and is based on descriptive-correlational as well as exploratory methods. The required data were collected  through a researcher-made questionnaire based on the indicators and conceptual model. The findings show that there is a significant relationship between risk-taking, success, ideation, pragmatism and women's entrepreneurship development. Also, the results of Friedman test show that the risk variability (risk-taking) (14.6) and pragmatism (being result-oriented) (12. have the highest average),  the highest average and the lowest average are related to the of  Ideation (mental ideation) (10.2) and success (need for success) (1.8). Manuscript profile

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15 - Philosophical Foundations of Citizenship Education from the Point View of Islam and Pragmatism School
Hossein Mohammadi Mohammad Mazidi saeed beheshti

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16 - Pragmatism and Politics: A Study and Critical Review of Pragmatism in the Sphere of Government and Politics
Alireza SabzianMosiabadi Shuaib Bahman

Pragmatism as a philosophical theory and an approach is almost a new viewpoint which became popular in late nineteenth or early twentieth century in the United States. Pragmatism is based on this fact that each theory or doctrine is to be judged on the basis of the resu More

Pragmatism as a philosophical theory and an approach is almost a new viewpoint which became popular in late nineteenth or early twentieth century in the United States. Pragmatism is based on this fact that each theory or doctrine is to be judged on the basis of the result which is derived from it. According to pragmatists if an idea leads to an efficient and useful result for man then it should be considered as real and useful. In fact the reality is not something absolute which exist apart and independent from man. Pragmatism like other philosophies has deep connection with politics and political affairs. The present article initially examines the philosophy and approach of pragmatism and then connection of pragmatism with politics in theory and practice is critically discussed. The finding of the article shows that although in certain cases a pragmatic outlook is necessary but it is not sufficient because excessive use of this method leads to certain problems. These problems are: non-adherence to ethics, instrumentalism, lack of attention to political and social ideals and preferring interests to values and principles. Manuscript profile

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17 - Citizenship Education From the Perspective of Islam and Pragmatism
HOSSEIN MOHAMMADI mohammad mazidi Saeed beheshti

AbstractMan is a social being and the reality of his social life has begun since the advent of Adam and Eve and continues to this day. The apparent and primordial issue in human social life seems to be the existence of laws, criteria, structures, cultures, and systems t More

AbstractMan is a social being and the reality of his social life has begun since the advent of Adam and Eve and continues to this day. The apparent and primordial issue in human social life seems to be the existence of laws, criteria, structures, cultures, and systems that can define their actions based on them. Hence, the need for citizenship education is indispensable at local, national and global levels. Nevertheless, despite the need for universal citizenship education, there seems to be no full coordination between existing schools. In order to explain the contrasts or differences between Islamic schools and pragmatism in the field of citizenship education and its causes, in this paper, education and, in particular, citizenship education from the two schools mentioned have been compared. The present study is a type of qualitative research which has been carried out in accordance with the principles of qualitative paradigm. The required data were collected by documentary method and according to the principle of maximum diversity and the principle of saturation in selecting the documents related to the research topic. Data were analyzed by descriptive-analytical method. The result is that although Islam and pragmatism have distinct characteristics, their similarities in education, including citizenship education, are greater. Manuscript profile

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18 - Recognition of Allameh Naeini's Political Pragmatism in the Constitutional Movement
نازنین زهرا بروغنی Seyed Mohammadreza Ahmadi Tabatabaei Jalal Derakhshe

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19 - Aesthetic Epistemology from the Perspective of Pragmatism as Opposed to Analytic Aesthetics
saeideh golmohamadi shamsoulmolouk mostafavi

Abstract Aesthetics is the epistemological view of beauty and Pragmatic aesthetics is considered as a kind of aesthetics and a second-degree knowledge, which deals with art and beauty, and discusses its features from a philosophical knowledge perspective using a pragmat More

Abstract Aesthetics is the epistemological view of beauty and Pragmatic aesthetics is considered as a kind of aesthetics and a second-degree knowledge, which deals with art and beauty, and discusses its features from a philosophical knowledge perspective using a pragmatic method. Since pragmatism appeared in response to analytic philosophy, pragmatic aesthetics also makes sense only in contrast to analytic aesthetics. Functionalism, experimentalism, monism, and contextual relativity are among specific features of pragmatism, which are common in various branches of this school. Pragmatist aesthetics is also recognized and presented as against analytical aesthetics through these features. With the help of Richard Schusterman and based on the fundamental opposition of pragmatism and analytic philosophy, , this paper sought to pave the way for the discovery of the features of pragmatist aesthetics, and meanwhile, to distinguish, as the aestheticist in this field, a pragmatist philosopher who has had the most fruitful epistemological viewpoint. Manuscript profile

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20 - A Comparative Study of the Structure of Cognition in Descartes and John Dewey’s Philosophy
Seyed saber Seyedi fazlollahi Mohammad Akvan

In his philosophical structure, Descartes intended to organize, on the basis of mathematics, an efficient method of certainty for research and philosophy. The Mathesis is a body of universal and necessary truths of order and connection between ideas. According to Descar More

In his philosophical structure, Descartes intended to organize, on the basis of mathematics, an efficient method of certainty for research and philosophy. The Mathesis is a body of universal and necessary truths of order and connection between ideas. According to Descartes' epistemology, man has become a researcher and discoverer who must discover himself. For Descartes, certain knowledge is possible, and in his structural cognitive style, action is a function of the form, while Dewey's cognitive style is a function in which form is a function of action and behavior. Examining the consequences of Darwinian views of the world, Dewey rejects Descartes' view: The question of the possibility of human knowledge has been fundamentally wrong. Dewey, by looking again at the absolute, the unconditional, and the certain, in philosophy, sees it only as a means to use if it results in success. Philosophy is not merely a mental organization of eternal and absolute truth, but a technology, method, and technique to be a means for social reform, regulation, and improvement of human and societal behavior. Manuscript profile

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21 - Critics of the epistemology of future studies, emphasizing on the rationality of the strategic foresight
Moslem Shirvani Naghani Mohammad Rahim Eivazi

Rapid changing, the enhance of uncertainty and the complicated environmental conditions in the present century led to avoiding taken-for-granted linear change in planning and decision-making in various parameters and tending to use futures studies in different levels an More

Rapid changing, the enhance of uncertainty and the complicated environmental conditions in the present century led to avoiding taken-for-granted linear change in planning and decision-making in various parameters and tending to use futures studies in different levels and areas instead. However, studies related to the future were always faced the cognitive challenges. In this study, the theory of Wendell Bell in cognitive futures studies, as one of the most famous theories in the area, was critically investigated. Then, the rationality of strategic foresight as a pragmatic approach to the future studies was analyzed. IN other words, the rationality of proposition that extracted from the future study by strategic foresight approach was investigated. Besides recognizing the most influential weaknesses of his theory, the findings of the research revealed that “the problem-solving”, “accuracy in predicting”, “balance between issues”, “simplicity”, “expansion”, and “compatibility” along with “being value-oriented” are criteria which introduce strategic foresight as a rational and wise approach which can significantly help long-term studies related to the future. Hence, to develop and apply the strategic foresight, the suggestions are provided for the academic researchers, industrial, and administered authorities. Manuscript profile

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22 - Designing a model of organizational excellence in Iranian sports(a case study of the volleyball federation of the Islamic republic of Iran.
sayyed mohammad tavassoli mohammadreza esmaeili Hamid Foroghipoor

the purpose of this study is to present a model of organizational excellence in the volleyball federation of the Islamic republic of iran.the present study is paradigmatic in terms of the type of pragmatism researc in terms of the rese arch approach mixedh from the stra More

the purpose of this study is to present a model of organizational excellence in the volleyball federation of the Islamic republic of iran.the present study is paradigmatic in terms of the type of pragmatism researc in terms of the rese arch approach mixedh from the strategic of view in the first part of the hidden content analysis and in the guan titative part of the descviptive -survey.the sampleof research in the first part were 15 experts in the field of organizational excellence and sports management and the second part were employees coaches and referees of the volleyball federation of the eslamic republic of iran. after analyzing the content of the basics and models of organizational excellence in from of closed and open guestionnaire the researcher placed the in dicators and organizational ex cellen of the organization in the form of fuzzy delphimethod.the purpost of this stady is to present a model.... Manuscript profile

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23 - Pragmatic Critical Approach to Didactic Literature in Contrast with Ethics and Politics (based on the Kalileh and Demneh)
Rasool Kazemzadeh

Abstract         The Kalileh and Demneh, in comparison with other cooperative texts, has an important stance in the critical discussion of the day; and because of its didactic principles and numerous fictional molds and dialogues has More

Abstract         The Kalileh and Demneh, in comparison with other cooperative texts, has an important stance in the critical discussion of the day; and because of its didactic principles and numerous fictional molds and dialogues has appealed the critics' ideas to itself. Pragmatism is a view point which uses the practical results of ideas as a criterion of values and their correctness. We have tried in this essay by descriptive-analytic method, and by looking at the context of the Kalileh and Demneh as the main source of document, and referring to the daily critical discussions evaluate the lingual narrative of the story and avoid the segmentation of all sentences in having the final subsumption. What with superficial criticism, poses the negative characters of the story as anti-value, fades in contrast to " good and evil " and replaces itself with morality and value results. Kalileh and Demneh, in reality, talks about the social and ethical condition of his time and its teachings are somewhat adapted with machiavellism and pragmatism which has production like humanism . Studying the narrative structure of the stories shows that the substance of the story is the dominant speculation of the main idea of the fiction  and although in the first view the sub-structure of the story is  pragmatic, by looking at the atmosphere of the story and the dialogues dominating the layers of  the fiction and conclusion we cannot attribute pragmatic or machiavellism to it. Manuscript profile

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24 - Codification an Entrepreneurial Governance model based on the views of experts and senior managers in the Ministry of Education
Maryam Safabakhsh Yalda Delgoshaei Fereshteh Kordestani Baharak Shirzad Kebria

The purpose of this study was Codification an Entrepreneurial Governance model based on the views of experts and senior managers in the Ministry of Education with research method was qualitative and using a contextual approach.the statistical population of all experts a More

The purpose of this study was Codification an Entrepreneurial Governance model based on the views of experts and senior managers in the Ministry of Education with research method was qualitative and using a contextual approach.the statistical population of all experts and staff managers was selected by targeted Delphi sampling method, 30 experts for participation and semi-structured and interactive interviews to reach saturation of categories.the data were collected using semi-structured and interactive interviews to achieve information saturation.the systematic method was used to examine the content of the interviews, to conceptualize and extract the categories. the systematic research plan of data theory emphasizes the use of data analysis steps through open source coding and selective coding. data analysis using MAXQDA-12 software was used. the qualitative results of the research on the entrepreneurial governance model of 95 indicators and 31 categories were obtained which were included in 8 categories of sub-categories in the centralization. then, using triangulation based on the extracted categories from interviews with experts and researches, the model of entrepreneurial governance model in 5 dimensions of entrepreneurship, pragmatism and riskabilit ,challenge and dreaming was codificated. Manuscript profile

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25 - Designing a philosophical model of physical education based on Islamic approach in Tehran Municipality Sports Organization
seyed ali amir zadeh saeid safarian hamedani taraneh enayati

The aim of this study was to design a philosophical model of physical education based on the Islamic approach in the Sports Organization of Tehran Municipality. The research was mixed in terms of purpose-applied purpose and method of implementation. The statistical popu More

The aim of this study was to design a philosophical model of physical education based on the Islamic approach in the Sports Organization of Tehran Municipality. The research was mixed in terms of purpose-applied purpose and method of implementation. The statistical population in the qualitative section were the experts and managers of the Tehran Municipality Sports Organization, who were purposefully selected based on the theoretical saturation principle of 20 people. The second group of the statistical population of this study in the quantitative part of the staff and executive managers of the Tehran Municipal Sports Organization was 1,200 people. Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size of a small part, so 291 people were selected as the research sample. In order to collect data, semi-in-depth interviews were used in the qualitative part of the present study and a researcher-made questionnaire was used in the quantitative part. The validity and reliability of the instruments were examined and confirmed. The method of data analysis in the qualitative part was theoretical coding that was done using MAXQDA software. Also in the quantitative part, to answer research questions from tests such as Pearson correlation, one-sample t-test, structural equation modeling (confirmatory factor analysis) and heuristic factor analysis using SPSS-v21, Smart Pls-v2 software And Lisrel-v8.8 was also used. The results of factor analysis showed that among the 57 indicators (items), 3 main components were identifiable. Idealism with 21 items, Manuscript profile

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26 - The effect of brain hemispheres, nutrition and spiritual remembrance on the school of pragmatism and Ibn Sinai
hamidreza saremi manesh seyedeh esmat rasouli Vahid Fallah

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of brain hemispheres, nutrition and spiritual remembrance on the school of pragmatism and Ibn Sinaei. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of data collection method. More

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of brain hemispheres, nutrition and spiritual remembrance on the school of pragmatism and Ibn Sinaei. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the study was all primary school students in Sabzevar, which was about 24,000 people in 100 public schools in the year 1398. Multi-stage random sampling method and statistical sample size based on all SEM experts (343 people) and considering the 20% probability of drop in the number of samples, 350 people were considered and analyzed. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. In the present study, the validity of content and structure was used to determine the validity of the questionnaires; also, in order to measure the reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability were used, and the findings indicated the reliability and validity of the measuring instrument. The collected data obtained from the distribution of the questionnaire in two descriptive and inferential sections (structural equations) were analyzed using Spss22 and Amos software. Findings showed that the results of the study showed that: Hemispheres of the brain, nutrition, remembrance and the Qur'an are effective in improving the evolutionary processes of the brain by relying on the school of pragmatism and Ibn Sina. Manuscript profile

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