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Open Access Article
1 - Evaluation The Role of Effective Components in Outdoor Residential Complexes on the Creation of Social Interactionss
Nazanin Dehnad Bagher KarimiIn recent years, changes in demographic, social and cultural characteristics have had a significant impact on settlements. With the increasing size of cities, density and civility, citizenship and social relations -that are the most important principles in the city- are MoreIn recent years, changes in demographic, social and cultural characteristics have had a significant impact on settlements. With the increasing size of cities, density and civility, citizenship and social relations -that are the most important principles in the city- are weakened and hence a sense of community and emotional ties that have been present in past societies, is disappearing in modern society. Public spaces are key elements in shaping social life; trying to provide an appropriate context to living and satisfying needs of residents and to increase social interactions and solidarity between people in an appropriate environment. Especially in big cities, Sub-urban areas tend to lose their identity and there is no border among private and semi-private open spaces.Therefore, collective interactions among residents living in biological spaces have declined. Social structure and physical and social interaction between headquarters and behavioral and social locations effect on residents; this is a criteria for measuring the utility of bio locations. The purpose of this study is to recognize the responsible components that improve the quality of open space as a mean of improving the quality of social life and seeks to honor social interactions among the logical relationships. Survey method of this study was filling out questionnaires. The test population consisted of 4 residential complexes at Shiraz city. Samples were estimated by Cochran, 217 Questionnaires based on random cluster distribute among residents of Complexes. Validity of the questionnaire was estimated %0.84, measured by Cronbach's alpha. To analyze the data, SPSS and Minitab software were used and also analyzed by Anova and Chi-square test. As a result, this study concluded factors affecting on open space effect on social interactions. The role of physical, social and physical environment as forming simple and complex social relations is important; this role should be able to satisfy the demands of residents in public spaces. So, role and function of complex biological design and quality of open space in promoting the social interaction is confirmed. By providing visual attraction and desirability of physical and emotional spaces with factors such as order and harmony, identifying the security and reachability, visual beauty can be strengthen amongst other human needs. Presence of individuals and different social groups and social interactions among them is considered a social desirability due to interaction between people and the relationship between the quality of spaces and activities increases the amount of activity ability. Physical and suitable design form and shape the desirable space, so that provide a personal space suitable that matches the culture and psychology of personality and individual residents. The high quality of open space the more social interaction; so, in order to enhance the positive impact of residential complexes on relationships quality of open space should improve and therefore solidarity and belonging to a place is attainable. Findings show that there was a significant relationship between the variables. Finally, placement of a group of residential complexes around a common open space can lead to creation of spatial diversity and a variety of social relationships; this linkage strengthens the social interactions, suitable social stability and collective belonging. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Utilize the Concept of Urban Breathing Spaces in Neighborhoods with Emphasis on the Environmental Dimension (Case s tudy: Comparative Comparison of Bolaghi Neighborhood and Janbazan Neighborhood in Qazvin City)
Rana Shirmohammadianzade Seyed Mohammadreza KhatibiThe lack of breathing space in neighborhoods, due to the congestion caused by the increasing urbanization of cities, has necessitated the use of new approaches to address this shortage. Therefore, this study aims to utilize the concept of breathing spaces that are small MoreThe lack of breathing space in neighborhoods, due to the congestion caused by the increasing urbanization of cities, has necessitated the use of new approaches to address this shortage. Therefore, this study aims to utilize the concept of breathing spaces that are small and open-green spaces in compact cities texture with an emphasis on the environmental dimension. In this study, the criteria for the creation of breathing spaces in different fabrics and their effects on the quality of life of the neighborhoods are determined by using the consensus of experts and the Delphi method and then ranked by the AHP method. Finally, the criteria studied in two neighborhoods with different characteristics. It concluded, the criteria obtained from the research have a direct effect on the quality of life criteria in the neighborhoods. This is because of the nature of these spaces, their implementation in compact fabrics and rehabilitation's need and renovation is more applicable by adopting appropriate policies.In this paper, based on the mentioned methods, four criteria and eight sub-criteria were selected to achieve the research goal and to answer this challenge and then ranked by using the AHP method. According to the results, the criteria were prioritized into four sections. 1. Land use with vegetation criterion has two sub-criteria: greenspaces and green levels. 2. Wastelands and open spaces criterion have two sub-criteria: natural and human production. 3. Environmental criterion has two sub-criteria: Biological and physical. 4. Localscale criterion has two sub-criteria: socio-cultural and functional-operational. Sub-criteria were prioritized: greenspace, natural of open space, green levels, and biological characteristics of the environment, human production of open space, socio-cultural characteristics of the local scale, physical characteristics of the environment and functional-operational characteristics of the local scale. Then, to better understand the subject under study and to evaluate the criteria obtained from different research methods, selected two neighborhoods of Qazvin city as samples of this research. One of them is Bolaghi, which is the old neighborhood. Another is the new one that called Janbazan. They were compared by matching. Finally, the criteria were studied in two neighborhoods with different characteristics historical and modern neighborhoods. The results of the survey of the neighborhoods based on the criteria and sub-criteria indicate that none of them has enough open spaces and wastelands and land use with vegetation. Regarding environmental criteria, it can be said that the physical sub-criterion of Janbazan neighborhood is better than the Bolaghi neighborhood because the fabric of the Janbazan neighborhood is planned. In general, little attention has been paid to this criterion and its sub-criteria in both neighborhoods. The only difference between the two neighborhoods is the social-cultural aspect at the local scale criterion. This is because the original inhabitants of the Bolaghi neighborhood have a greater sense of belonging and social interaction than the Janbazan neighborhood. Therefore, it is necessary to create breathing spaces in these neighborhoods to improve their qualification. Furthermore, these spaces are effective in reducing a variety of contaminants and natural hazards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Survey on the Appropriate Distribution of Open Space in order to Upgradethe Quality of Modern Urban Residential Areas in Tehran
Abbas RiahifardDevelopment in modern technology and changes in urban life have created fundamental adaptation in neighborhoods environment in modern cities. Neighborhoods which were calm and peaceful realms for living, without visual disorders had important role in social communicatio MoreDevelopment in modern technology and changes in urban life have created fundamental adaptation in neighborhoods environment in modern cities. Neighborhoods which were calm and peaceful realms for living, without visual disorders had important role in social communication, empathy. These environments nowadays have changed into illegible and chaotic environment which neighborhoods, neighbors and their human communication lose their concepts and values. It can be said that governments and rulers as well as designers, architects and urban planners have influenced on these changes and also the results of them.New spatial organization patterns in neighborhoods causes fundamental changes in old urban fabrics and visual appearance of cities and people are the one how scarified. After the defeat of modernism knowledge in seventieth decade (As Charles Jenks notified it with destroying Port Eago residential complexes in the United States that presented the weakness of modern knowledge in growing the quality of residential environments), scientists and urban designers have seek newpattern with consideration on distribution of open spaces in urban fabric to increase the quality of design and life in residential areas. Nowadays living in apartments and high rise development is undeniable truth of urban life caused by scientific progress. So it is necessary to provide security and wellbeing of their residents who have limited choice in living environment. Surveys can help to create livable and dynamic environments in residential area for our children to live in a place in harmony with their nature and nature. This change occurred in Iran from the late period of the Qajar Dynasty on, Neighborhoods influenced from modern technology and knowledge and specifically vehicles, like western countries changed fundamentally without any consideration to future and qualitative needs. This paper have surveyed on the appropriate distribution of open space in order to upgrade the quality of modern urban residential areas in Tehran. It also mentioned thatthe way of open space distribution through the residential areas was not suitably allocated. In addition, there has not been an intellectual pattern to distribute these open spaces and because of improper use of western patterns in organizing the open and occupied/populated spaces throughout Tehran residential districts, the open spaces have not played an important role in revival of past concepts and values. Finally, in order to promote the qualified role of open spaces in modern urban residential sites in Tehran, some techniques were presented. The paper firstly have presented the history of patterns in developing residential areas and the changes in neighborhoods structure since 1900 up to now in the west as well as Tehran with investigation on quality and open spaces distribution and pattern in three districts; Velenjac, Narmak, Zibadasht complexes. Data gathered in this investigation by surveying in the area and interviewing with residence. In addition the gathered data have compared and analyzed due to the nature on incomputable qualitative aspects of the research. Finally, the comparison of case studies shows the importance open spaces and the valuably of their distribution to the density in quality of residential areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Effect of Open Spaces of Residential Complexes on the Social Interactions of Residents, (Case Study: Three Residential Complexes in Isfahan)
Samira Yazdani Siavash TeimouriIranian patterns of construction have changed severely in the last decades, due to the increasing urbanization processes, as in many other countries worldwide, Demands for large scale building constructions decreased the sensitivity and accuracy of the Architectural des MoreIranian patterns of construction have changed severely in the last decades, due to the increasing urbanization processes, as in many other countries worldwide, Demands for large scale building constructions decreased the sensitivity and accuracy of the Architectural designs. Lack of appropriate concern and consideration for human needs and the subsequent psychological effects on modern residential designs in Iran causes many complications in social and individual life. Among the most important human needs, which have been neglected in the modern Iranian designs, we can mention the needs for privacy and social interactions. Today, based on a wide verity of reasons people are required to live a collective life in the form of “multi-unit building”. However they are not only deprived from the advantages of this kind of social life, but also they consider this situation, as a compromise to their privacy and individuality. This also contributes to the problems of relationship between the residents. In fact, there should be a solution to establish a balance between the social interaction and privacy of people living in such a situation. On the other hand, in Iran, being neighbors is traditionally considered as a close functional and emotional relationship. Therefore, the roots of the current cold relationships in residential environments should be looked for in the lack of consideration in the design of the neighborhoods and buildings. Also, In the contemporary architecture of Iran, following the decline of open spaces in residential architecture, and converting them to a route for moving cars, not only these spaces are not adequate to satisfy social needs but cause the cutting of social relations in the neighborhoods. So, considering the importance of relationships and social interactions between humans and ignoring that in modern designs, as for the lacking of such researching in the country, this study will improve the social interactions of residents and enhance neighborly relations by examining and understanding the factors in the design of open spaces in residential complexes. This study is the type of applied-survey research, after explaining the various aspects of social relationships among humans, investigates the effect of environment and the role of open spaces in increasing the social interactions of residents. And in the process of this review has been used the comments from residents of three residential complexes in Isfahan for quantitative assessment. These residential complexes have different patterns of design; “Zeitoon complex” is an example that has been attended to the type of landscaping design and creation of open spaces. “Moshtagh complex” is another complex that has a wide outdoor space but considering the various factors in the design of open space can be seen less. “Aftab complex” is the third complex that has no open space. After analyzing the questionnaires responses, findings show that various factors such as socially homogeneous of residents and use of effective design patterns for creating the safe, attractive and convenient environment for the presence of family members in open spaces of complex has considerable impacts in relationships and social interactions of the neighborhoods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Explaining the effective features of open and semi-open spaces in availability and increase of social interactions in residential complexes
Hamed Moztarzadeh Khatereh Sajjadi -
Open Access Article
6 - Increasing of Creativity, Happiness and Connection with other Peers for Iranian Students with Emphasis on the Value of Open and Semi-Open Spaces in Schools (Case Study: KASHAN)
Fayal Sadat Siadati Hamid MajediABSTRACT Several studies have examined the relationship between school conditions and student achievement, and have confirmed that the two ideas are related to each other. The present study focuses on reviewing and comparing the views of 350 students and 60 teachers o MoreABSTRACT Several studies have examined the relationship between school conditions and student achievement, and have confirmed that the two ideas are related to each other. The present study focuses on reviewing and comparing the views of 350 students and 60 teachers of 5 elementary schools in Kashan city about 4 hypothesis of designing open and semi-open spaces of school. Therefore, the aim of this study is determination the importance of 4 hypothesis from the viewpoints of students and their teachers to understand which of hypothesis are suitable and which of them are not suitable to use in designing of open and semi-open school spaces. This study is non-experimental and a descriptive research “methodology” design was used. The results of this study indicated that for designing open and semi-open spaces of school, using Non-fixed and dynamic elements is best idea; also using semi-fixed elements such as temporary semi-open spaces, furniture for sitting, is a good idea; but using fixed elements such as shape, form, decoration, material, symbol or Position and extent of school space such as layout and relationships between space are not a suitable idea for designing open and semi-open spaces of school. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The Role of Open Spaces in Neighborhood Attachment (Case Study: Ekbatan Town in Tehran Metropolis)
Ali Javan Forouzande Ghasem Motallebi -
Open Access Article
8 - Developing P.P.P Model of Place Attachment for Evaluating Residential Environment (Cases Study: Open Space of Iranzamin and Ekbatan Apartment Buildings)
shiva yaghmaeian Farah Habib -
Open Access Article
9 - Green Open Space Housing Public Company Panakkukang Makassar Indonesia
Mithen Lullulangi -
Open Access Article
10 - Evaluation of Quality of Public Open Spaces for the Elderly (Case Study: Sheet-e- Bazaar in Zanjan)
hooman sobouti pari alavi -
Open Access Article
11 - Explaining the components affecting the flexibility of open residential spaces in Arak case study
Leila Fatahi Bemanian, Mohammadreza Bemanian HamidReza SaremiThe need for flexibility can be demonstrated from two dimensions, one in theory and the other in the many experiences that have existed throughout the history of architecture. Flexibility requires organization and without it it can lead to confusion and chaos. However, MoreThe need for flexibility can be demonstrated from two dimensions, one in theory and the other in the many experiences that have existed throughout the history of architecture. Flexibility requires organization and without it it can lead to confusion and chaos. However, complete flexibility is not possible, because there are boundaries that must preserve the entire system and the main structure. One of the preconditions for flexibility is the separate function of the retaining and separating elements of the building, therefore, the history of flexibility is closely related to the developments and flourishing of skeletal buildings in the new era. Theoretically, there are continuous changes that occur daily, monthly and even annually in environmental and human factors that these changes are generally in the form of three categories: changes in population structure (individuals), changes in rules and standards and Changes in values, architecture in order to adapt to these changes and maintain the quality of space, change is necessary, a change that according to the definitions, is considered flexible. In residential spaces, the ability to adapt the space to the personal needs and tastes of users is essential to maintain the desirability of the space. Factors such as increasing the number of children, change of residents and independence of children from the family, create the need for separation or integration in the housing unit or units. Also, the growth of people's age and change of their tastes is one of the factors that cause physical changes in the residential space. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Comparison and Evaluation of the Quality of Urban Open Spaces for Leisure )Case study: Arak city(
mohammadkazem yavari Alireza Sheakholeslami farzaneh sasanpourIntroduction and Aim: Addressing the issue of quality in urban open spaces and evaluating and counting the shortcomings of these spaces, can be of particular importance for managers and urban planners in terms of leisure time. Therefore, introducing a process that can p MoreIntroduction and Aim: Addressing the issue of quality in urban open spaces and evaluating and counting the shortcomings of these spaces, can be of particular importance for managers and urban planners in terms of leisure time. Therefore, introducing a process that can provide a comprehensive evaluation of urban open spaces in terms of environmental qualities and provide the possibility of comparison and ranking of urban open spaces is necessary and is one of the objectives of this study. Method: This research is a descriptive-survey method with a quantitative-qualitative approach and is a case study. In this study, using the theoretical foundations of the subject, 45 quality indicators, in open urban spaces, were introduced (as an evaluation checklist) and then, using the exploratory walking technique, the mentioned indicators were evaluated in 82 open spaces of Arak city. Necessary data were collected and these data were used to compare and rank the mentioned spaces, and evaluate 45 indicators, using BWM method and TOPSIS technique. Results: In examining the effect of quality concept indicators in explaining the concept of quality in open urban spaces, for the 45 indicators studied, a weight between 0.03 to 0.67 has been calculated. The lowest weight was related to the indicator "No control of the entrance to the space (with specified schedule)" and the highest weight was related to the indicator "Existence of playgrounds and facilities and excitement for all ages". By applying the calculated weights in the ranking of the studied spaces, the acquired score of each space is determined and the studied open spaces are ranked. Conclusion: In this study was determined that the open spaces of Laleh Game City, Shohadaye Gomnam Park, Shahr Sanati, Mosalla Complex, City Park, Bazaar, Women's Park, Famous Park, Moallem Park and Rudaki Park are among the top ten spaces in Arak in terms of quality. Considering the acquired score of each space in the ranking of open spaces under study, it can be seen that none of the open spaces in Arak could obtain more than 70% of the desired quality points and about 47% of the studied spaces, scored between 50 to 60%. And about 38% have less than 50% quality points. These numbers indicate the unfavorable condition of the quality of the open spaces under study and it can be said that the open spaces of Arak city are far from reaching the appropriate condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Interpretation of components affecting the intertwining of place in semi-open architectural space
Negar Moghadasian Niaki Shabnam Akbari Namdar Mohammad Mansour FalamakiIntroduction & Objectives: Place as opposed to the "outside" environment as an "inside" needs a clear boundary or definition to define itself, which must connect the inner world to the outside world with openings and create a transitional area that indicates the deg MoreIntroduction & Objectives: Place as opposed to the "outside" environment as an "inside" needs a clear boundary or definition to define itself, which must connect the inner world to the outside world with openings and create a transitional area that indicates the degree of continuity in Existential space. This study tries to investigate the components affecting the intertwining of semi-open architectural space in the residential body. Method: In the first part, the research method has been evaluated by examining the literature review in relation to the intertwining of place in semi-open architectural space and the components that lead to further reading of this semantic body. In the second part of the survey method and field studies; Used to prove research hypotheses. Research method in this study is a combined strategic type and the statistical population of architectural experts with a sample size of 215 people who have been selected by random classification sampling. Tests used in this study: Kruskal, Human-Whitney parametric test and correlation in SPSS21 software environment. Results: The semantic factor component and the physical factor component, by emphasizing the role of semi-open space as a mediator on the intertwining of inside and outside place in a residential space, can affect the continuity and continuity of architectural space. Conclusion: The results show that the components of sensory perception and components of spatial perception are effective in semantic reading in the intertwining of semi-open architectural space in the body of residential space. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Functional role in the vitality of urban open spaces(Case Study: Eram Park Hamadan)
Mohammad Reza Bemanian Mehrdad ShahbaziIntroduction and Objective:Function is the definitive target of every designing which plays a significant role in relation between efficient and space. The purpose of this research is finding the most significant influenced factor in vitality of urban open space. Metho MoreIntroduction and Objective:Function is the definitive target of every designing which plays a significant role in relation between efficient and space. The purpose of this research is finding the most significant influenced factor in vitality of urban open space. Method: the methodology is descriptive-analytical and then the case-context method is used in assessing the area of study and finally the assessment and analysis of extracted factors from the literature of the research is presented. The methods are used for gathering data which are, questionnaire and interview and observation.This question is responded by Kolgmorof Smironov test and SPSS software is employed to examine different tests for assessing independent factors and then by using Varimax analysis and multi-factor regression of Kendall’s tau_ b and Spearman’s rho the portion of any of functional factors in the livability of urban open spaces is recognized. Findings: the most effective factor in the livability of Eram park of Hamedan is the practical factor which leaves the most considerable effect on the livability of this urban park due to the viewpoint of Hamedan citizens in general and especially from the standpoint of the Eram urban park users. After this factor there are other factors such as: biological factors, mechanical factors and in the final step systematic factors which have has less effect than the first one on the livability of Eram park of Hamedan. Conclusion: the optimal performance of Eram Park of Hamedan city is a function of the four dimensions of biological, mechanical, and functional system that the most effective one is Functional dimension and its variables (diversity, access, transport, shopping and tourism and security). Thus, according to the correlation coefficient, with the strengthening of this dimension, we can increase the effects of other aspects of dimensions and reinforce vitality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Explain the Effect of Socialization Components of Urban Open Spaces on the Development of Tourism Concept(Case study of Qazvin city)
pegah Sarraf Moayerre jamaleddin soheiliIntroduction & Objective: Due to the need to pay attention to the tourism approach as a way to attract tourists and meet part of the financial needs of the city and also to pay attention to the issue of increasing human sociability for social interactions between ci MoreIntroduction & Objective: Due to the need to pay attention to the tourism approach as a way to attract tourists and meet part of the financial needs of the city and also to pay attention to the issue of increasing human sociability for social interactions between city residents and other cities and the country Which have received less attention in the present century and years to come, we will examine in this article. Based on this study, in order to investigate the effect of socialization components on the development of tourism in open urban spaces, the city of Qazvin has been selected as a model. Method: This research, which is based on the purpose of the type of application and based on the method and nature, is descriptive-analytical and surveyed. Results: Using Cochran formula the sample size of 384 outdoor Qazvin have chosen using Pearson correlation and regression analysis step, the impact of the different components of socialization in predicting and explaining the development of tourism in Open spaces in the city have been analyzed. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the effect of social components, security, identity and the use of appropriate spaces for tourism development in urban areas; Based on this, it can be said that single values can be a source to increase sociability in the development of tourism in the city and social interactions of people in open spaces in the city of Qazvin to give. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Evaluating the relationship between psychological components and thermal comfort of users in urban open spaces. (Case study: Karun river bank in Ahvaz)
Katayoun Afshoun mohsen taban mostafa masoudinejad reza jalilzadeh-yengejehBackground and Objective: Urban open spaces are areas where collective life takes place. In order to attract more citizens to these spaces, especially in tropical climates, the study of thermal comfort conditions is considered. Since heat sensation and perception vary f MoreBackground and Objective: Urban open spaces are areas where collective life takes place. In order to attract more citizens to these spaces, especially in tropical climates, the study of thermal comfort conditions is considered. Since heat sensation and perception vary from person to person outdoors, a quantitative approach to dealing with thermal comfort alone is not enough; Rather, it is important to pay attention to the psychological components of individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between psychological components in individuals and the category of thermal comfort. Material and Methodology: The present study was conducted by a combined method including descriptive method to explain the components of thermal and psychological comfort and survey method to determine the correlation between research variables. After conducting field surveys by a questionnaire by random method (using Cochran method) and measuring devices of climatic indicators, the weather conditions of different parts of the route On the 11th and 12th of Bahman 1398 (7 am to 1 am), measured and with the help of the Global Climate Index (UTCI) in the Karun River It is analyzed in Ahvaz. Findings: Evaluation and analysis of the extracted data show the effect of psychological components on the thermal response of individuals in different conditions. In fact, the mood of people in open spaces affects their thermal evaluation of the environment. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the research findings, the mental and psychological states of people in different conditions can have different and even unexpected thermal response both in the range of thermal comfort and outside it. Finally, solutions can be provided to better design urban spaces, to attract more audiences and arouse their sense of satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Principles of Primary School Yard Design Based on Promotion of Learning and EI According to Teachers and Designers point of View
Hosna sadat Shams Dolatabadi Nilufar Malek Farhang Mozafar Bahram Saleh SedghpourBackground and Objective: Considering the effects that educational open spaces have on students and users of such environments, the study aims to provide guidelines for designing children’s open spaces in primary school based on Promotion of learning and Emotional MoreBackground and Objective: Considering the effects that educational open spaces have on students and users of such environments, the study aims to provide guidelines for designing children’s open spaces in primary school based on Promotion of learning and Emotional intelligence. Method: This research is an attempt to identify the factors affecting promotion of learning and emotional intelligence from teachers and designers point of view in school yards to draw the correlation between factors in an analytical model. In this research after setting up the contents of the content table and the questionnaire, the sample size based on Klein's views reached 326 users. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 22 using R factor analysis and model was developed by Amos. Findings: Among the responses of teachers and school designers to the questionnaire, eight factors can be identified. In such a way that for about 72 percent of respondents, a reality has been commonly understood. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of the research show that the effects of natural elements on self-fulfillment, spaces with cultural functions, environments for multisensory play for different ages, the relationship between space and flexible furniture, the semi-private spaces (with supervision), the relationship of various spaces with the presence and learning of children in schoolyard, the relationship between open and closed spaces, the relationship between flexibility and spatial diversity with physical and psychological comfort, can affect schools open spaces to enhance emotional intelligence and learning process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Structural Equation Modeling of Children Satisfaction in Residential Open Spaces
Hamidreza Azemati Hassan FeridonzadehAim: The aim of this research is the study of the role of children satisfaction of open spaces inresidential in the form of causal model.Methods: This research method is correction study with the design on the structural model relation.147 parents settling in Shahid Fal MoreAim: The aim of this research is the study of the role of children satisfaction of open spaces inresidential in the form of causal model.Methods: This research method is correction study with the design on the structural model relation.147 parents settling in Shahid Fallahi and Omid complexes in Tehran, were selected by Randomcluster Sampling. They were asked to cite their own believes on open-spaced complexes included inthe 57 questionnaires. Validity of the Instrument Calculated by Content method and the understudyingconstructs showed that the instrument had a proper validity. Also, reliability ratio of instrument wascalculated approximately α =0.954. Direct and indirect effects of variables on satisfaction ofresidential complexes of open space were calculated through path analysis and regression methods.Results: Results showed that the factors to satisfaction of residing children in residential complexes tofollow the direct and indirect relationships.Conclusion: Variables such as natural factors (herbal covering), Space form, Ergonomics have directeffect on children satisfaction of residential open space, and the other variables like flexibility child'splay tools, visual stimuli factors have indirect effects on the children satisfaction of residential openspace. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Environmental sustainability in urban open spaces: quality assessment of residential quarters in Tabriz
Seyed Bagher Hosseini Razieh Rezazadeh Mohammad Bagheri Hamid Reza Azemati Abdolhamid GhenbaranOne of the sustainable urban design strategies is to emphasize the micro scale urban spaces. The purpose of this study is to explore the environmental sustainability in urban space and assessment of three residential quarters inTabriz. Five main criteria of sustainable MoreOne of the sustainable urban design strategies is to emphasize the micro scale urban spaces. The purpose of this study is to explore the environmental sustainability in urban space and assessment of three residential quarters inTabriz. Five main criteria of sustainable urban design (movement, energy, spatial form, ecology, and design and development) were selected for assessment. In a field study, the selected quarters were scored by a professional research team and the findings were assessed comparatively. Maghsodieh historical quarter got the top score for movement, energy, and design and development criteria. Organic urban pattern, neighborhood facilities, connected streets, revitalized historical buildings, urban spaces for walking, environmental adaption, and local identity are among the main physical characteristics of this quarter. Roshdieh quarter, due to its designed green open spaces, biodiversity, green landscapes, and natural views, got the top score in ecology criterion. Both Maghsoodieh and Roshdieh got the top score in spatial form criterion because of self-sufficiency, mixed applications, and diverse public spaces. Golpark quarter, having urban spaces which lack design as well as having serious environmental problems, got low scores in all five criteria. This study shows that most open spaces of new residential quarters suffer from the lack of environmental design. Moreover, they cannot satisfy the needs and desires of their users. The strategies of thermal comfort, natural light, sound and wind comfort, and enhancement of the quality of urban landscape can help improve the environmental sustainability of urban quarters. New ideas such as walking ways, green ways, green bridges, bicycle and skate lines, urban and neighborhood parks as well as health and sport areas are all of practical use. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Investigating the relationships between indicators of the concept of quality in urban open spaces for spending leisure time (case study of Arak city)
Mohammadkazem Yavari Alireza Sheakholeslami farzaneh sasanpourUrban open spaces have a high potential for all kinds of urban activities, including leisure time. This issue has become more important with the growth of urbanization and changes in the lifestyle of citizens. And the introduction of indicators explaining the concept of MoreUrban open spaces have a high potential for all kinds of urban activities, including leisure time. This issue has become more important with the growth of urbanization and changes in the lifestyle of citizens. And the introduction of indicators explaining the concept of quality in these spaces, and how the relationships between them can be of special importance for urban planners. The current research is a descriptive-analytical study with a quantitative-qualitative approach. In this research, considering the relationship between the quality of open spaces as a goal, and the objective indicators that explain it, as indicators of the concept of quality, a structural measurement model has been proposed. And by using confirmatory factor analysis, the relationship between the introduced indicators and their impact factor on the purpose of the research has been investigated. Based on the findings, among the 45 indicators counted in the theoretical studies, 7 indicators did not have the necessary explanatory power and were removed. And the indicators of the concept of quality reached the number of 38 indicators. In examining the relationships and how these 38 indicators affect each other, it was found that 11 of these indicators are not correlated with other indicators. Also, by examining the factor loadings calculated for the mentioned indexes, it was observed that the index "the existence of land and facilities for play and excitement for all ages" has the greatest impact on the quality of open spaces with an impact factor of 0.66. This index is one of the indicators that have independent and non-correlated performance. Also, some indicators, such as the index of "entertainment activities, sports and physical fitness" with an impact factor of 0.62, although it is not part of the eleven independent indicators, it still has a high impact factor. This issue can be explained in this way, that the importance of the eleven independent indicators is not due to having a higher impact factor, but this importance is due to their independence and non-overlapping of possible shortcomings by other indicators. Therefore, managers and urban planners should be more sensitive to their situation (independent agents).Citation:Extended AbstractIntroduction: Urban open spaces have a high potential for all kinds of urban activities and are considered a platform for urban development. One of the important functions of urban open spaces is the issue of spending leisure time in these spaces, which has become more important in recent decades due to the rapid growth of urbanization and the revolution that has occurred in the lifestyle of citizens. It is obvious that addressing the issue of quality in urban open spaces and introducing the causes and contexts of quality in these spaces as indicators of the concept of quality, and examining relationships and how they influence and influence each other, can improve the quality of leisure time for managers and Urban planners are of special importance.Methodology: This research is a descriptive-analytical research with a quantitative-qualitative approach that was conducted as a case study. In this research, using the theoretical foundations of research, 45 quality indicators in urban open spaces have been introduced as indicators of the concept of quality in these spaces, and their status in the studied open spaces has been evaluated in the form of a checklist. The method of evaluating and collecting data using the aforementioned checklist was the exploratory walking technique. In this way, the aforementioned indicators were evaluated in 82 examples of the open spaces of the studied city (Arak - Iran), and a score between one and ten was given to the current state of each indicator. After completing the evaluation and data collection, considering the relationship between the quality of open spaces as a goal and the objective indicators that explain it, as indicators of the concept of quality, a structural measurement model was proposed and how the relationships between the introduced indicators and the coefficient Their impact on the purpose of the research has been investigated using confirmatory factor analysis. Then, by examining the output data, among the 45 examined indices, the indices that did not have the necessary explanatory power were removed. Then, considering the remaining 38 indicators, a structural model was presented again to measure the correlation between these indicators and the research objective. After confirming the fit of this model with confirmatory factor analysis and Lisrel software, the software's output charts including: standard factor loading charts, T-Value charts, and correction proposal charts or correction indices were used to answer the research question.Results and discussion: Based on the findings, out of 45 indicators that were considered as indicators of the concept of quality in urban open spaces for spending leisure time in theoretical studies, 7 indicators did not have the necessary explanatory power. As a result, the indicators of the concept of quality in urban redevelopment spaces reached 38 indicators. Among these 38 indicators, based on the chart "Suggestions for Lisrel Software Improvement", it was found that 11 indicators without correlation with other indicators are effective in explaining the concept of quality in urban spaces and as a result, they are more sensitive in this field. Conclusion: In identifying the relationships and how these 38 indicators affect each other, it was found that 11 of these indicators are not correlated with other indicators. Also, by examining the factor loading calculated for the mentioned indexes, it was observed that the index "the presence of land and facilities for play and excitement for all ages, code V20" has the greatest impact on the quality of open spaces with an impact factor of 0.66. This indicator is part of eleven indicators that have independent and non-correlated performance. Also, some indexers such as the indexer of "Entertainment, sports and physical fitness activities, code V28" with an impact factor of 0.62, although it is not an independent component of the 11 indicators, it still has a high impact factor, it can be seen from this He explained that the importance of 11 independent indicators is not due to having a higher impact factor, but this importance is due to their independence and non-overlapping of possible shortcomings by other indicators. Therefore, managers and urban planners should be more sensitive to their situation (eleven independent indicators). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The Concept of Quality in Public Courtyards: Explanations and Analyses. Case Study: Mausoleum of Shah Ni’mat-Allah Vali
Elham Khajehpour Djavad Rasooli -
Open Access Article
22 - Cooling Effect of Shaded Open Spaces on Long-term Outdoor Comfort by Evaluation of UTCI Index in two Universities of Tehran.
Morteza Ojaghlou Mehdi Khakzand -
Open Access Article
23 - Extracting and evaluating the components of solitude in the open spaces of residential complexes in Hamadan city
soudeh mohammadi Manouchehr foroutan Sara Jalalian Nasrolah ErfaniIn a broader sense, housing is more than a mere physical shelter and includes all services and public facilities necessary for human living. A residential complex is a number of building blocks that can include different types of housing, single-family, short and high-r MoreIn a broader sense, housing is more than a mere physical shelter and includes all services and public facilities necessary for human living. A residential complex is a number of building blocks that can include different types of housing, single-family, short and high-rise apartments. In these complexes, apartment blocks are placed on a piece of land based on a pre-thought design. The blocks can be combined with each other in different forms and the open space can be meaningfully connected with the buildings. Residential complexes can be completely closed and separated from the rest of the city with hard boundaries, and they can somehow maintain their environmental connection and at the same time have their own privacy and territory.In a general view, the residential complex consists of blocks and open space between them. According to the number of blocks, the height and arrangement of open and closed space, there are various forms of residential complexes. The design of residential complexes is proposed in three major scales, firstly in the scale of the external link of residential complexes with the surrounding environment, secondly in the scale of internal relations of residential complexes and thirdly in the scale of residential units. In the territory of a residential complex, three private, semi-public and public arenas can be distinguished. Private arenas are residential units. The semi-public area includes the entrance hall, corridors, stairs, elevator and parking. It means the public area of the complex. The typology of high-rise residential complexes consisting of different blocks, in addition to the typology based on the type of access and relationships of internal spaces, is also based on the placement and coexistence of open and closed spaces. The dominant types of these complexes are peripheral arrangement, single blocks, row blocks and a combination of other blocks. The environmental arrangement is in accordance with the principles of traditional Iranian central courtyard houses. In this way, the main facade of the blocks faces the public passage and the private space is located behind the block. The arrangement of blocks around the central core creates a private open space that can be common to all blocks or divided into small private pieces. In the single layout, high-rise residential blocks stand separately next to each otherResidential communities are an integral part of contemporary urban planning in developing countries, and their use for the settlement of people in a specific cultural and social class is increasing day by day. The outer spaces and open spaces of residential complexes are the boundary between urban public spaces and private spaces in residential complexes and are the place of communication and interaction between people and the surrounding environment. With the aim of extracting the components of solitude that are involved with signs, this research tries to explain the contribution of each one in creating this category. Therefore, the research method in this research is a combination of nested type with analytical weighting in the quantitative part. Therefore, in this research, in the qualitative part, the components that are relevant to the scope of the study are refined with a semi-structured interview. In order to reduce the diverse data obtained from the interview, by using grand theory techniques, they are coded in the Atlasti software. In the quantitative section, after compiling the questionnaire from the obtained components and distributing it among the space users, the results are entered into the Originpro software and analyzed with inferential statistics. Sampling in the qualitative section is done with the Delphi panel in three phases and by specifying Kendall's coefficient; And in the quantitative section, the upper limit of Morgan's table is defined as 384 people. The results show that based on the obtained results, it was determined that "increasing the sense of ownership of the residents towards the public space", "clarity of the boundaries between public and private areas" and "public and private hierarchy" with a value of (1.000) have the greatest effect in The creation of solitude in the open spaces of the residential complexes of Hamadan city is the least related to the exclusive use of public and semi-public spaces by the people of the residential complexes with a value of (0.395). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Comparative study of Courtyard Spaces Patterns in Vernacular Architecture of Arid Climate (B) and Hot and Humid Climate (A) Case study :the cities: Yazd and Bushehr
Meghedy khodabakhshian marjan saeedniaThe concept of vernacular architecture for humans has always been subject to climatic conditions if health and comfort were of concern. For this purpose, it is necessary to assess the constitutive component thereof. One of the basic components of vernacular architecture MoreThe concept of vernacular architecture for humans has always been subject to climatic conditions if health and comfort were of concern. For this purpose, it is necessary to assess the constitutive component thereof. One of the basic components of vernacular architecture is the open spaces or courtyards with different dimensions subject to the climatic conditions of the reign. The rational spatial orientation of these spaces determines the architectural nature of vernacular structures and highly contributes to the axiomatic aspect and the identity of such structures. The existing general patterns of these spaces are assessed in two, hot and humid, and arid climates in the two cities of Yazd, located in central, and Bushehr, located in the south-west regions of Iran. In each city, four structures of the Qajar era (1796-1925) constitute the subjects of this article. The subject structures belonged to the wealthy and elite, where the courtyard was located in the middle of summer and winter dwellings. The method adopted in this article is comparative-qualitative. An attempt is made to compare the findings of the subject structures through field observations and library documentation. The objective is to answer the following this question : " How is the climatic performance of the yard in two arid climate and hot and humid climates ? " . In general, the findings indicate that the shape and dimensions of each courtyard are proportionally subject to the geometry and physical characteristics of the entire structure. As to the proportion of the structure height, Vertical component to the dimensional horizental components of the courtyard in Bushehr, with an average depth-to-height ratio of Z at 1.24 is evident, indicating a standing position . Consequently, the airflow in the courtyard follows a circular pattern, something essential for this unique climate in providing natural vertical ventilation. This phenomenon is reversed in Yazd where the airflow follows a flat pattern, with an average depth-to-height ratio of Z at 0.51 is evident, something essential for this unique climate in providing natural horizontal ventilation. In both climates, the courtyard orientation is N-S to control temperature rise with an average of 16% and 29% of the entire structure area, respectively. It is found that in Yazd the existence of a water pond area with a 73 m2 average and a vegetation area at 56 m2 in the courtyard provide the required humidity for the area. The courtyards in Bushehr are covered with less vegetation with an average area of 5 m2, and the existence of a water pond there is an almost new phenomenon with an average area of 7 m2 because in the traditional architectural plans water pond non- existence. The courtyard area in Bushehr is square with an average of length to width ratio1.07 and smaller than the rectangular courtyards of Yazd with an average of length to width ratio1.43. Therefore, the yard has also had a climatic approach in both cities. The findings of such studies can contribute to the planning and construction of modern buildings with vernacular architecture if necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - affect Components of urban physical form on outdoor thermal comfort case study: yazd
مرجان منتظری لعلا جهانشاهلو حمید ماجدیBy introducing the theory of sustainable city, ecological city, smart city, and green city in recent decades, Special attention to design in harmony with nature, ecological sustainability and climate issues are considered urban designers and the planners. Thus, issues s MoreBy introducing the theory of sustainable city, ecological city, smart city, and green city in recent decades, Special attention to design in harmony with nature, ecological sustainability and climate issues are considered urban designers and the planners. Thus, issues such as energy saving, control the energy exchange between human and artificial and natural environment and provide thermal comfort for urban spaces users, become an integral part of urban design studies. Therefore, the present study is aimed at address the issue of energy management in urban scale with emphasis on the role of the urban form on thermal comfort and microclimate, by using a descriptive-analytical method and review researches and similar experiences. This study investigates the impact of urban form on microclimate and find the components of urban form affects the local climate and thermal comfort in urban open spaces in the hierarchy of urban scale (the individual buildings up to urban fabric). The results show Spatial, physical and environmental dimensions of elements of urban form in different scales, for example geometric characteristics (shape, height, size, orientation), the occupation and density, pattern and form layout, materials (type, color) of roof, wall, and floor, H/W (ratio of height to width), the sky view factor (SVF), pattern (structure) of street network, vegetation (type and density), land use influence the thermal comfort of urban open spaces that notion to them in the process of planning and urban design, could lead to the creation of spaces that provide thermal comfort for users in all seasons. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - On the Analysis and evaluation of physical indicators affecting vitality (Impact Concept: Residential complexes in Rasht City)
Mahsa Molaeihashjin Amir reza Karimi azeri baqer karimi jamaladdin MahdinezhadIntroduction Paying attention to open and semi-open spaces in residential complexes and the psychological needs of the residents in the complexes is one of the important issues in today's world. Vitality and cheerfulness are considered to be desirable qualities of peopl MoreIntroduction Paying attention to open and semi-open spaces in residential complexes and the psychological needs of the residents in the complexes is one of the important issues in today's world. Vitality and cheerfulness are considered to be desirable qualities of people's life, which play an important role in the physical and mental health of citizens. Open spaces are platforms for expressing public culture and the development of social life and reflect the personal beliefs and public values of users. So, the study of outdoor environments in residential environments is very important for the development of quality of social life in today's societies.MethodologyThe research method of the present study is applied in terms of purpose, quantitative-qualitative in nature, and descriptive-analytical in terms of method.Therefore, by extracting physical indicators and components through library studies and closed questionnaire tools, the researcher-made answer in two stages, a survey was conducted among the residents of the three residential complexes of Cactus, Pardisan and Lakanshahr in Rasht.Geographical area of research The study area is Gilan province, Rasht city. The subject of study is the residential complexes of the city.Results and discussion The results show that the factor of "physical diversity" with the highest average of 3.5 has the greatest impact on the sense of vitality of residents.Conclusion According to the research results, six factors "physical diversity, visual attractiveness, use of natural elements, favorable vision, safety and proper lighting" are the most important physical factors affecting vitality, all of which have a higher than average effect on residents' sense of vitality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Effects of Shrub Canopy on the Microclimate and Soil Properties of Steppe Rangeland
Tahereh Sadeghi Shahrakht Mohammad Jankju Mansour Mesdaghi
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