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Open Access Article
1 - Iranian Identity; A Critique of the Views and the Necessity of a Historical Approach
Mohammad ali Asgari Fahimeh Mokhber Dezfuli Younes FarahmandNational identity is the most important cultural and historical asset of any country that was formed in the distant past and continues from generation to generation. The lack of a historical view of national identity can lead to contradictory and deflective approaches t MoreNational identity is the most important cultural and historical asset of any country that was formed in the distant past and continues from generation to generation. The lack of a historical view of national identity can lead to contradictory and deflective approaches that are sometimes controversial. The historical context of an identity is so important that some thinkers consider identity to be essentially a historical category and believes that the national identity of any country has arisen from the accumulation of a nation's qualities throughout history and therefore a common history is considered the most important determinant of an identity. In this article, with the help of library and analytical method, some views and perceptions about the national identity of Iranians are studied and finally, by criticizing them, the questions of what is necessary to have a historical approach and what is the consequences of its lacking, are answered. The findings of this study show that in order to narrate the identity of a nation and to distinguish right from wrong, having a historical approach is an undeniable necessity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Investigating the Impact of Piranshahr City Business Role on City Development Strategy Indicators
محمد رحیم رهنما leili ebrahimiIn response to uncertain future conditions, managerial inefficient and reduction quality of life in cities, since 1999 was proposed a new approach in the literature of planning under title city development s trategy by the Cities Alliance with s trategic natur MoreIn response to uncertain future conditions, managerial inefficient and reduction quality of life in cities, since 1999 was proposed a new approach in the literature of planning under title city development s trategy by the Cities Alliance with s trategic nature and to help to create of democracy, decision-making and life improvement. City developments trategy (CDS) is an action plan for balanced development in cities. City development s trategy is defined based on the characteris tics of each city and is evaluated and through its output and it should change the current performance and trend toward optimal conditions. Therefore the purpose of this paper is analyzing the city development s trategy indicators andmeasure of the effectiveness rate of city role on them in order to unders tand current trends and performance Piranshahr city in connection with mentioned factors. The required data were collected using ques tionnaires. The s tatis tical population in this s tudy consis ted of three groups: urban managers, citizens and urban elites. In the group of urban managers, experts and people familiar with urban issues, 50 people and in the urban elite group, 50 were selected as samples. In the group of citizens, also according to the population of the city is 69049 people, using the Cochran formula, the sample size determined and 382 citizens selected and participated in completing the ques tionnaires. At firs tby using the relevant theoretical literature, as well as on the empirical s tudies related to the city development s trategy, four dimensions selected for city development s trategy and finally were selected 56 items. To assess of two dimension indicators of livability, 15 items, to assess three dimensions of competitiveness indicator, 11 items and to assess good urban governance indicators with four indicators, 13 items and Also tow dimension of bankability indicators 16 items were selected and respondents were asked to rate Piranshahr city on each of items on a 5-point Likert scale where 1=Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree. Data analysis was done by s tructural equation modeling (SEM) using SPSSand SmartPLS softwares. The reliability of the ques tionnaire is confirmed by using an internal consis tency coefficient of alpha for all variables. Following Verification of the appropriate validity of ques tionnaire by using confirmatory factor analysis, s tructural equation technique with method partial leas t squares was applied to s tudy the relationship between variables. The results of s tructural equations showed that the business role of Piranshahr city has a positive impact on four dimensions of city development s trategy. The Livability with 0.798 s tandard coefficients and the Competitivenesswith 0.325 s tandard coefficients respectively have accepted impact highes t and impact from the role of city. Improving the quality of CDS indicators is effective s tep in order to achieve sus tainable development. The s tudy showed the role that city plays can have a positive impact on city development s trategy indices. Accordingly, attention to the position,city role and the opportunities that have each city, and codification and development of s trategies of appropriate tailored to these the positions and the opportunities can be an effective s tep to further improving these indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Ferdowsi’s Humanitarianism; Revival of Iranshari’s Thought and Termination of Iranian Culture’s Silence
Soheila LoveimiAny nation’s identity and character is laid in its light of rich and developing culture. Thus if a stranger intends to damage a nation politically and socially, the easiest way is to invade the culture (of that nation); because the nation would lose its identity a MoreAny nation’s identity and character is laid in its light of rich and developing culture. Thus if a stranger intends to damage a nation politically and socially, the easiest way is to invade the culture (of that nation); because the nation would lose its identity and character by cultural invasion. Socialists consider three aspects for culture: cognitive, material (technical) and organizational. Cognitive aspect includes believes, myths, ideologies, values, approaches and knowledge. So Shahname is a masterpiece which led Iranians to renovate their national thinking in Samanid era and invited them to revive human’s status in order to find their national dependence and self – scrutiny. The independence which persuaded Sasanian to call their territory: Iranshahr. This research studies Iran’s history after Arabs attack to Fersdowsi’s tender briefly in order to unwrap a type of humanitarianism in which human plays the main role and replaces with myths. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - A Study of Kaveh the Blacksmith’s Uniqueness in Ferdowsi’s The Shahnameh with an Approach to Urban Iranian Thought and World Myths
Seyyed Mohammad Reza Ghoreishi Saeid Kheirkhah Abdol Reza Modarres ZadehWith the discovery of iron, in addition to material changes, the intellectual and cultural order of the world also undergoes a transformation. The value, depth, and consequences of this discovery are a modern phenomenon with features of the age called iron, which MoreWith the discovery of iron, in addition to material changes, the intellectual and cultural order of the world also undergoes a transformation. The value, depth, and consequences of this discovery are a modern phenomenon with features of the age called iron, which creates its own myths and heroes. Iran, as one of the oldest ritual civilizations in the world and the first centers to achieve iron smelting and extraction technology, is not without its cultural consequences. The most famous Iranian hero of this era is Kaveh Ahangar, who appears in the dark and turbulent millennium of Zahaki (Iranian version of the beginning of the Iron Age) and provides the ground for the re-creation of the drinking world by Fereydoun. Despite his reputation and constant influence on Iranian thought, Kaveh is not reflected in Iranian patriotic and religious myths. This has led some scholars to consider him a historical figure made by the writers of the Sassanid theologians, which is certainly unbelievable, because it is incompatible with the intellectual foundations of prehistoric peoples in understanding existence. Kaveh, like other mythical characters, has symbolic motives and metaphorical features. In this research, using archetypal analysis, comparative attitude and library method the researchers try to study the mythological themes of Kaveh's mediation in Shahnameh and present new results by introducing new ideas to show that Kaveh is , a prehistoric hero who, for some reason, disappears from the scene of Iranian mythology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The Study of Mythological Phenomena in Bahmannameh
Iraj Mehraki Leila Khezel -
Open Access Article
6 - Evaluation of groundwater suitability for the domestic and irrigation purposes in Konaro Ophiolitic Area, Iranshahr, SE Iran
Baseer Ahmad Barahouei Mohammad Reza Noura Mohammad Elyas Moslempour Rahim Dabiri -
Open Access Article
7 - Khaja Nizam al-Molk and the Iranshahi Concept
Shoja Ahmadvand Ali SaediannejadThe Idea of Iranshahi was a collection of ideas about politics, in Anceint Iran, and was reproduced in the thought of the Islamic thinkers such as Khaja Nizam al-Molk. Due to its relationship with religion, politics acquired a sacred nature and the king, as the represen MoreThe Idea of Iranshahi was a collection of ideas about politics, in Anceint Iran, and was reproduced in the thought of the Islamic thinkers such as Khaja Nizam al-Molk. Due to its relationship with religion, politics acquired a sacred nature and the king, as the representative of God, was distinguished from other members of the society. The Shah had the special task of establishing order and justice. Historically, the first of this royal system was created by the Medes, and the Achaemenids presented it as a complete universal system. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to know how this type of politics is reproduced in the thought of Khaja Nizam al-Mulk Tusi, who was the prime inister of the Seljuk government for thirty years. The data of the article, has been analyzed with the Quentin Skinner hermenutics. In this method, we concentrate on both the text and the context. The finding of the research is that by policy of Iranshahi, Khaja was to establish a balanced government, in which ruler had to expand order and justice in the society in order to maintain and extend his power. The result of the article is that the Shah of Iran should be thinking of maintaining power through order, justice, and religion expansion, and it is only in this way that he can overcome various crises. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Transition from the Heroic Epic to the Mystical Epic: Some Considerations on the Political Aspects of Illuminationist Philosophy
Ahmad BostaniThis article examines Suhrawardi's understanding of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. In Iranian intellectual history, Shahnameh has always reflected Persian identity and its historical continuity in the Islamic period. Various interpretations of this Persian epic's stories and cha MoreThis article examines Suhrawardi's understanding of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. In Iranian intellectual history, Shahnameh has always reflected Persian identity and its historical continuity in the Islamic period. Various interpretations of this Persian epic's stories and characters have been presented in Persian literature, philosophy, and mysticism. One of these interpretive schools is the Illuminationist Doctrine (Hikmat Al-Ishraq) of Suhrawardi, which is presented explicitly in his Persian treatises. This article focuses on Suhrawardi's understanding of Shahnameh and its themes, trying to emphasize aspects of it that are related to the topics of political philosophy. Among contemporary scholars, Henry Corbin was the most important thinker who paid attention to the Illuminationist philosophy and its connection with Shahnameh. In this article, using some of Corbin's reflections on what he called "the transition from the heroic epic to the mystical epic," we try to examine the political aspects of this transition in the works of Suhrawardi and, more broadly, in the history of Islamic thought in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Reproducing the Ancient Iran Concept of Iranshahi in the the Islamic Period: A case study of Khwaja Nizamul Molk Tosi
Shoja Ahmadvand Ali SaeidiannejadIranshahi policy is rooted in the thought and structure of the Aancient Iranian governments. The idea of Iranshahi as the theoretical basis of the governments of Ancient Iran, despite the change and transformation affected by political, social, cultural and religious re MoreIranshahi policy is rooted in the thought and structure of the Aancient Iranian governments. The idea of Iranshahi as the theoretical basis of the governments of Ancient Iran, despite the change and transformation affected by political, social, cultural and religious relations, continued until the modern era and at least until the period of new monarchies influenced by the western monarchical thoughts. With this basis, the purpose of this article is to examine the continuity of the Iranshahi policy in the Khwaja Nizam al-Molk Tosi thought during the Islamic era of the Seljuq dynasty. The method of this research is the speech act of Quinten Skinner and is based on the double understanding of the text and the formation platform of this text, although the data is collected in the form of a library. The findings of the research show that the Khwaja Nizam al-Molk book is not only influenced by the thought of Iranshahi, but this Ancient government model of Iran has been given a new formulation due to the combination with Islamic tradition, so that the king is God's chosen one and is placed at the top of the pyramid of power, and even the changes in the world are considered to be a function of the changes in the royal nature. The result of the research is that the politics of Iranshahi with the reading of Khwaja Nizam al-Molk, by preserving the structure and traditional elements of Iranshahi, seeks to gain, maintain and expand power and realize order and justice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Kingdom Expediency in Iran Political Thought؛ A Comparative Study of pre-Islamic and Islamic Period
سید علی میرموسویThe concept of expediency is one of the most important and widely used concepts in the history of political thought. By looking at the political heritage left from ancient Iran and comparing it with the works of the Islamic era, we can see that "Salah-e-Mulk"(Expediency MoreThe concept of expediency is one of the most important and widely used concepts in the history of political thought. By looking at the political heritage left from ancient Iran and comparing it with the works of the Islamic era, we can see that "Salah-e-Mulk"(Expediency of Kingdom) was a central concept in Iranian political thought. In the Iranshahr political thought, respecting the interests of the kingdom and the people was one of the characteristics of a good and ideal king, and it was used as a criterion for distinguishing a desirable political system from an undesirable one. In the Islamic era, with the translation of Iranian works, this concept was reflected in the “Siasatnameh” or Mirror of Prince and led to politics based on expediency. From this point of view, it can be claimed that Salah Mulk has a meaning close to public interest in the classical political philosophy of the West, and adherence to it is considered a criterion for legitimacy. By elucidating and explaining this concept, this article investigates and analyzes its place and role in the history of Iranian political thought. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Formation of collective memory cents in the first Pahlavi period (Iranshahr and Ayandeh publications)
HOSAIN MANSOORI MOTLAGH mehdi najafzadeEmphasizing the understanding of national historiography and using the theoretical model of Halbovax, this study has studied why and how to strengthen and highlight the collective memory of Iranians of the first Pahlavi era by the publications of that time - emphasizing MoreEmphasizing the understanding of national historiography and using the theoretical model of Halbovax, this study has studied why and how to strengthen and highlight the collective memory of Iranians of the first Pahlavi era by the publications of that time - emphasizing Ayandeh and Iranshahr. Unlike traditional historiography, where there is no need to strengthen and highlight collective memory, national identity-based historiography prioritizes the strengthening and highlighting of collective memory, and populism is one of its main characteristics. Prominence means reminiscing, manipulating the past, taking a similar look at discrete history, interpreting it for the identity system, linking it to current developments, and using it for nationalism. The research findings show that these publications, with a kind of popular national historiography, like to highlight the centers of the past, strengthen common traditions of being Iranian for all, and critique traditional historiography in order to create a new identity. They were for the age of the nation-state. The research method is historical and descriptive-analytical, based on archival documents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Persistence of thoughts of Iranshahri in the political structure of the Iranians of the early Islamic centuries (Samanian and Al-Bouyeh)
Mohamad Eskandari-Nasab Mohamad-Reza Javadi-Yegane Abas TaghipoorIn Iran, thoughts of Iranshahri, in particular, showed themselves in the Sassanid government, and the Sassanid and Shah's government, like Ardeshir and Anooshirovan, became the theoretical and practical spirit of Iranian thought and definition of politics in the form of MoreIn Iran, thoughts of Iranshahri, in particular, showed themselves in the Sassanid government, and the Sassanid and Shah's government, like Ardeshir and Anooshirovan, became the theoretical and practical spirit of Iranian thought and definition of politics in the form of the idea of the city. With the collapse of the Sassanid government and the power of the Caliphate of Anawa and Abbasi, this thought declined. In this period, the sovereigns of Taherian and Saffarian of the wisdom powers formed in the center of the Islamic State, were in constant struggle with other rival Iranian states and in a context of unrestricted and highly unrestricted borders. Had These states and other semi-independent Iranian governments are formed in the context of the social fabric and the special thoughts of the Middle Ages, and each of them, while adhering to the central caliphate system, is a special way of gaining legitimacy and national acceptance through the assignment of the ancient kings and ancient clans of Iran They have tried to study Iranian traditions and this research attempts to examine the extent of the contribution and manner of achieving the Iranian culture in the structure of government in the Samanian and Al-Bouyeh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The position of Iranian bureaucrats in the structure of the Abbasid caliphate(Bramke-Al Sahl family)
fatemeh parsafar Mohammad Sepehri nematallah ahmadinasabThe Abbasids, who had reached the caliphate with the support of the Iranians, paid special attention to the Iranian bureaucrats for the administration of the Islamic empire. Among the Iranian ministers of the Abbasid court, the two families of Al-Barmak and Al-Sahl had MoreThe Abbasids, who had reached the caliphate with the support of the Iranians, paid special attention to the Iranian bureaucrats for the administration of the Islamic empire. Among the Iranian ministers of the Abbasid court, the two families of Al-Barmak and Al-Sahl had a very high and impressive position.The scientific and social credibility of the Bermakians, along with their support of the Iranians, caused the anger and jealousy of the Arabs, who were afraid of the presence and power of the Iranians. Among the reasons for the increasing influence of Iranians among the Abbasids, two reasons are more prominent: firstly, because of the skill and background of the Iranians in the art of circuitous government, and secondly, that Khorasan was governed by local Iranian rulers. Therefore, it was necessary for Ma'mun to follow a conciliatory policy in order to gain their satisfaction. Based on what was said, the central question of the current research is what position did the Iranian bureaucrats have in the structure of the Abbasid Caliphate?The assumption of the research is that the Iranian bureaucrats, including the Bramke family and the Sahl family, practically took over all the political powers of the government and managed the affairs according to their opinion due to their influence in the Abbasid caliphate. The current research is based on library method and descriptive-analytical method Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Analysis of the Intellectual Foundations of Seyed Javad Tabatabai
Saied Resol Ghahari Seyed Farshid Jafari Paybandi asghar partoviA thought does not appear in a vacuum. But these views and theories affect the future of a country and society. The intellectual foundations of current Iranian thinkers have originated from the history of Iran, tradition and Islamism, modernity, scientism, and developme MoreA thought does not appear in a vacuum. But these views and theories affect the future of a country and society. The intellectual foundations of current Iranian thinkers have originated from the history of Iran, tradition and Islamism, modernity, scientism, and development, which have been influenced by the period of modernity, transition to postmodernity, religious rule in Iran, and the challenges facing Iran. The intellectual foundations of Iranian thinkers such as Seyed Javad Tabatabai have been drawn under the influence of Western, traditional, and current Iran variables. These principles have led to the presentation of authoritarian thought, powerful government, bureaucratic authoritarianism, convergence in Iran, secular Islam, elitist thought. Of course, thinkers like Tabatabai, due to the hegemony of the discourse of tradition and modernity in epistemology and intellectual foundations, pay less attention to components such as globalization, information age, political democracy, and human rights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Architectural Heritage and Salvage Archaeology (The Case Study of Salvage Excavation in Piranshahr Gerd-i-Gouran Site)
Farzad Mafi Behnam Ghanbari Hamid NorasiArchitectural relics and evidence form a significant part of the findings and results of archaeological excavations. Along with other buildings, the architectural heritage of land consists of structures obtained from archaeological excavations, historical contexts, and MoreArchitectural relics and evidence form a significant part of the findings and results of archaeological excavations. Along with other buildings, the architectural heritage of land consists of structures obtained from archaeological excavations, historical contexts, and architectural traditions left over from past periods. An undeniable necessity in archaeological excavations and studies is to pay attention to architectural heritage. However, given the speed of action, time, and financial limitations in this type of excavation, when the discussion of salvage excavations is raised, the possibility of the loss of architectural evidence becomes more important. Given the importance of architectural relics and evidence in archaeological excavations, based on the results of salvage excavations in the Piranshahr Gerd-i-Gouran[1]site, the present article has tried to evaluate how archaeologists interact with architectural heritage, especially in salvage excavations. Consequently, taking into account influential assumptions such as 1) lack of priority for architectural studies, 2) lack of attention to salvage excavation requirements, 3) failure to use the expertise of architects in archaeological teams, 4) lack of attention to spatial archaeology approaches and 5) inadequacy of excavation level with research needs, it has tried to verify the exact lack of efficiency of new technologies and other compelling cases. Finally, suggestions have been presented to improve the study methods, documentation, and more detailed introduction of architectural heritage in salvage excavations. The current research method is historical and comparative-analytical, and the collection of information was done in a library style, using archaeological reports and approaches. [1]An Ancient Tepe in Piranshahr, Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Ethnobotany of Native Medicinal Plants in Zagheh and Biranshahr districts, Lorestan Province, Iran
Esmaeil Delfan Delfan حامد خدایاری Khosro AziziAbstract The purpose of this study was to collect, identify the distribution and medicinal plants uses in Zagheh and Biranshahr areas. Due to the necessity of identifying the medicinal species, we used questionnaires to collect information on the use of medicinal plants MoreAbstract The purpose of this study was to collect, identify the distribution and medicinal plants uses in Zagheh and Biranshahr areas. Due to the necessity of identifying the medicinal species, we used questionnaires to collect information on the use of medicinal plants by native people in these areas. After transferring the samples to the herbarium of the University of Lorestan for each plant species, their medicinal and traditional uses were coordinated with other available reliable sources. Based on the results, 218 medicinal species were identified from 55 families out of which 35 species belonged to Asteraceae, 21 species to Fabaceae, 19 species to Lamiaceae, 15 species to Liliaceae, 11 species to Rosacea, 10 Species to Brassicaceae, 9 species to Apiacea, 7 species to Poaceae and others belonged to different families. Among the 218 introduced species, 110 species were widely used for most of the populations in the studied area. The highest consumption of medicinal plants in the field of ethnobotanical related to relieve digestive problems (36%), respiratory (16%), blood sugar and lipid lowering (10%), urinary tract diseases (8%), skin diseases (5%), oral and dental problems (5%), and ocular diseases (2%). Evaluation of the results were showed that there is a wide variety of medicinal plants in the Beyranshahr and Zagheh areas that their therapeutic applications are common in Iranian traditional medicine and research on these medicinal plants can be a way to explore new drugs in the field of treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Investigation of phytochemical and morphological response of a local Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. mass to foliar application of zinc oxide nanoparticles
Safoora Bazzi Ali Movafeghi Jafar Valizadeh Moharam ValizadehSince supplementation of plants with zinc is a solution to improve plant growth and compensate for zinc deficiency in soil, in this study to investigate the nutritional effect of 40 nm zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on morphological characteristics, seed gum and phy MoreSince supplementation of plants with zinc is a solution to improve plant growth and compensate for zinc deficiency in soil, in this study to investigate the nutritional effect of 40 nm zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on morphological characteristics, seed gum and phytochemical products of leaves of a native mass of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L (Gguar plant) from Iranshahr a completely randomized experiment with three replicates was conducted at the University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran in mid-May 2018. Guar gum content, total phenol content and total flavonoid content were determined by the phenol-sulfuric acid, the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, and colorimetric aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Seed cultivation was carried out in the greenhouse of Sistan and Baluchestan University in early June 2018. The treatments consisted of six different concentrations of ZnO-NPs including 0 (control), 25, 50, 100, 200, and 500 mg L-1 by foliar application of guar plants in two stages (20 and 27 days after sowing seeds). Based on the results, with increasing the concentration of nanoparticles, the number of seeds in pod gradually decreased, but no significant difference was observed in pod length and root length. However, stem length, stem dry weight, root dry weight, leaf area, stomata density, leaf dry weight, 500-seed weight, pod dry weight gradually increased, with the maximum increase observed in the 500 mg L-1 treatment compared to the control. In this treatment, seed gum, total phenol and total flavonoids increased by 2.55, 2.10 and 1.34 times compared to the control treatment, respectively. According to the results, ZnO-NPs nanoparticles with the properties used in this study can be used to improve the growth characteristics and increase the amount of seed gum, phenol and flavonoids of guava leaves and obtain the benefits of their medicinal applications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Chemical composition of essential oil in Anthemis lorestanica From Esfehan province in Iran.
kamkar Jaimand Saeid Davazdahemami Babak Bahreininejad Lili Safaii Fatemeh Sefidkon mohamad bagher Rezaei Razieh Azimi Mahdi yahyazadeh Shahrokh Karimi Firoozeh Hatami Mostafa Golipour Najmeh HadiThe genus Anthemis L. is the second largest genus in the Compositae family, which consists of 39 annual and perennial species scattered throughout Iran. In this research, a species of Anthemis lorestanica Iranshahr was collected from two regions in Isfahan province, nam MoreThe genus Anthemis L. is the second largest genus in the Compositae family, which consists of 39 annual and perennial species scattered throughout Iran. In this research, a species of Anthemis lorestanica Iranshahr was collected from two regions in Isfahan province, namely Makdin region (sample 1) and Badum Valley region (sample 2) in 2017. The samples were identified in the herbarium of the Research Institute of Forests and Pastures in the Department of Botany. The essential oils were extracted from its flowers and leaves by water distillation method (Klenger method). Then the essential oil samples were measured and identified by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography connected to mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The amount of essential oil in sample 1 was 0.12% for flower and 0.08% for leaf. Major compounds in the flower consisted of methyl decanoate (18.6%), α-cadinol (11.1%), and n-tricosan (9.1%). Major compounds in leaves were neryl acetate (13.4%), α-cadinol (12.9%), and dihydro eudesmol (8.5%). Essential oil contents of sample 2 were 0.2% for flower and 0.08% for leaf. The main flower compounds included spathulenol (68.8%), dehydro-aromadendrane (5.2%), and oplopanone (3%). The main compounds of the leaves were oplopanone (12.3%), 1-icocen (11.5%), and dihydro eudesmol (10.9%). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Villages' Turning into Cities and its Impact on Residents' Life Quality (A Case Study of Biran Shahr)
Mehdi Rahimian Fereshteh Hafezi Saeid Gholamrezaie Nasrin HoseinnezhadMirThe purpose of this survey is to examine the villages' turning into cities and its impacts on the life quality of its inhabitants in the newly founded town of Byranshahr in Lorestan province. The statistical population of the study consisted of the whole inhabitant fami MoreThe purpose of this survey is to examine the villages' turning into cities and its impacts on the life quality of its inhabitants in the newly founded town of Byranshahr in Lorestan province. The statistical population of the study consisted of the whole inhabitant families in Byranshahr (N= 1655) two hundred of whom were determined as the statistical sample using Cochran formula. The samples were selected by simple random sampling method and were interviewed through a questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the instruments which were used in the study were confirmed considering content validity and using Cronbach's alpha coefficient which was more than 0.70. Finally, the data were analyzed using the SPSS software. The results of prioritizing the effect of Cheqlondi's turning into Byranshahr town, based on the average score of 5, showed that this turning has had the highest impacts on the following sectors: promoting the town services (3.99), improvement the housing and urbanization (3.92), educational development (3.91), increasing social participation (3.86), health-hygienic development (3.58), improvement of communication facilities (3.57), town security (3.45), employment and improvement of the business (3.40), and finally accessing to sports and entertainment facilities (3.25). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Analysis and Evaluation of the Environmental Viability of Rural Areas of Baluchestan with Infrastructural Facilities (A Case Study of Daman Village in Iranshahr)
sajedeh azar Javad Bazrafshan Abouzar PaidarEveryone from the city or village who wants a satisfactory life and of course wants to have a good life, and of course the satisfying living conditions necessitate the providence of long-term welfare for the communities. Viability of villages is affected by elements of MoreEveryone from the city or village who wants a satisfactory life and of course wants to have a good life, and of course the satisfying living conditions necessitate the providence of long-term welfare for the communities. Viability of villages is affected by elements of time and space. Rural settlements vary according to the time period and geographical location. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the viability and facilities and utilities. The method of the study according to the nature of the study was analytical and as far as the purpose of the study was considered, it was practical. The necessary data were gathered from libraries, questionnaires and interviews with the people and local authorities. The study population consisted of 20 villages of rural households in Daman, Iranshahr consisting of 17 villages respectively. The sample of the study consisted of 287 people and 17 villages. In order to rank the villages regarding the facilities and services of center-weighted index model and also for ranking those villages based on the status of environmental indicators the VIKOR model was used. The evaluation of the obtained results showed that there is no significant correlation between having higher levels of service receiving and viability. Populated villages were shown to benefit from a higher level of services and facilities according to the results of center weighted model, but were at a low level of viability in the environment according to VIKOR. As a result, it cannot be said that only by providing the villages with equipments and facilities, the villages can be compatible and healthy. On the contrary, the results are in contrast with the positivists’ comments who believe that by increasing the level of services, environmental and biological abnormalities and problems will be removed in villages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - An Analysis on Dispersion and Distribution of Health Centers and Optimal Locating of New Clinics (Case study: Piranshahr city)
Hussain Yaghfoori Dyman KashefiDoost Jamil GhaderMarziToday, following the development of urban areas and increasing the growth of population, cities are faced with various problems including lack of appropriate access to city services. Health services , in particular, as one of the main urban services, t MoreToday, following the development of urban areas and increasing the growth of population, cities are faced with various problems including lack of appropriate access to city services. Health services , in particular, as one of the main urban services, that a great number of people deal with, and assign itself a considerable level of urban spaces, are faced with problems including shortage, inappropriate distribution with population requirements, lack of observing neighborhood and so forth. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the dispersion of health centers in Piranshahr city and locating new clinics with respect to the shortage of health centers in the city. The research method is descriptive-analytic. In order to classify and analyze information, ANP, AHP, mean of nearest neighborhood, Moran’s I index and network analysis methods were used and for performing such operations, ARC /GIS, Expert choice and Super Decisions software have been used. The obtained results indicate that certain health centers of Piranshahr city are not appropriate from the view point of adaptability with other uses and also availability. Then by incorporating different layers of effective usages, the final map of optimum spaces for the establishment of new clinics has been prepared and proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - A Study of Iranshahr Magazine Discourse on Women
hamzeh hoseini Mohammad Reza AlamAfter the Iranian society became acquainted with Western modernity, various currents and groups tried to change the status and rights of women through various methods, including the publication of newspapers and magazines. In this article, we tried to examine the discou MoreAfter the Iranian society became acquainted with Western modernity, various currents and groups tried to change the status and rights of women through various methods, including the publication of newspapers and magazines. In this article, we tried to examine the discourse of Iranshahr magazine towards women. Thus, the main question of the present official is what was the approach of Iranshahr magazine's discourse to the category of women and what effect did it have on the discourse of the first Pahlavi government towards women? The findings of this study show that the governors of Iranshahr in the context of the transition of Iranian society from the Qajar government to the first Pahlavi government considered the transformation of women and their progress as one of the manifestations of the modern nation government and in Reza Shah's modern plans and reforms They focused on the important issues and provided solutions such as inclusive education and training of women, enacting laws to change the rights and status of women, combating the status and traditional views about women and also following the example of Western nations in some cases to improve the status. As one of the pioneering magazines in addressing the issue of women, they had a significant impact on the thoughts and views of Iranians on the rights and status of women and led to effective steps in the evolution of society and government towards women in the first Pahlavi period.Keywords: Discourse, Iranshahr, Women, Progress, Freedom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Iranshahri Culture Thought
Elham Kia Allahyar KhalatbariThe present study, by explaining some concepts, principles and theories contained in Iranian culture and thought in the pre-Islamic period, has tried to show the collection of Iranian thought as a coherent and interactive system. Accordingly, the geometry of Iranian tho MoreThe present study, by explaining some concepts, principles and theories contained in Iranian culture and thought in the pre-Islamic period, has tried to show the collection of Iranian thought as a coherent and interactive system. Accordingly, the geometry of Iranian thought is compose of three components: the belief system, the moral system, and Iranshahri culture was more prominent in Iran. the political system.» Shahriari »Iranian for the ake of theoretical coherence as a fixed paradigm has been transferred to the period after the arrival of Islam in Iran and with the transformation of the caliphate model to monarchy has become the basic method of Iranian governance. Hence, it reached the Islamic period and influenced it. The central question of the present study is what are the components and elements of Iranshahri thought culture framework? According to the hypothesis, the political and religious system are very important and significant components and determinants of the thought structure of Iranshahri culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Analysis of the Development Level of Rural Settlements and the Factors Affecting it (Case Study: The Central part of Iranshahr County)
Eskandar Seidaiy Hadi Rasti Sajedeh AzarAccording to the evidences and experiences, the developing of rural areas in proportion to their share and the status and functioning in the national economy have been badly neglected, and because of inattention to the role of geographical factors (Natural environment, MoreAccording to the evidences and experiences, the developing of rural areas in proportion to their share and the status and functioning in the national economy have been badly neglected, and because of inattention to the role of geographical factors (Natural environment, social, economic,…) in the ductility and spatial arrangements and the development of rural settlements, despite efforts in the country, especially after the revolution, instability and underdevelopment in the rural areas is still visible in Iran. Accordingly, this study seeks to examine the development level of rural settlements in the central part of Iranshahr and the role of geographical factors in that, from the local residents' point of view. The investigated factors comprise natural environment, spatial, social and economic ones. The research is descriptive-analytic and the total rural settlements of the central part of Iranshahr are the population. 19 villages and 294 heads of households were selected as the sample size. The obtained data were analyzed and processed through statistical methods in SPSS software. The results revealed a low rate of rural development in the central part of Iranshahr, i.e., is below the theoretical average (with an average of 2.43), and most of factors (apart from natural disasters, family aspect and employment rates) have a logical and significant relationship with rural development. Among them, the effect of spatial location factors and then, the social factors is more highlighted. Therefore, the development of rural settlements in the study area requires a fundamental revision in policies and programs for rural development, and also having a specific look at the role of some geographical factors in the development process of rural settlements is needed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Strategic planning of Piranshahr City
leili ebrahimi Mohammad Rahim Ezzatolah MafiAwareness of the strengths and weaknesses of cities is essential for present plans, policies and plans of the city. In fact, the use of economic, social, physical, etc. indicators can be a suitable Criterion for determining the status of cities, and fields of solving th MoreAwareness of the strengths and weaknesses of cities is essential for present plans, policies and plans of the city. In fact, the use of economic, social, physical, etc. indicators can be a suitable Criterion for determining the status of cities, and fields of solving the problems and failures are created to achieve the desired and actual development. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to determine the position of Piranshahr city in terms of strategic planning indices and prioritizing the city development strategies. The research is descriptive and analytical. The sample population in this study consisted of three groups: urban managers, urban elites and citizens the sample size was identified 382 people for the citizens group according to the Cochran formula. In the group of managers 50 people and in the elite group 50 were selected as samples. Positioning of city was by using SWOT model and Prioritization of city developing strategies was performed by the SWOT model and prioritizing the city development strategies using a combination of Multi Criteria Decision-Making method and Kohonen neural network in MATLAB and EXCEL softwares. The results showed that the city of Piranshahr is in a competitive position strategically. Also the output of Kohonen neural network identified strategy of developing of foreign exchanges and strengthening of Tamarchin boundry market in order to shaping a sustainable economy based on internal - foreign trade as the best city development strategy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Factors Affecting Stakeholders Non-Participation in Rangeland Management Projects
Solieman Rasouliazar Anvar Kordi Loghman Rashidpour -
Open Access Article
27 - Geotechnical analysis and zoning in order to evaluate the allowed load capacity of Iranshahr city - East of Iran
Abdolsattar Naroui Mohsen Pourkermani Soheila Bouzari Mahmoud Almasian Afshin Ardalan -
Open Access Article
28 - Identifying the Components of the Ideal Ruler in the Ancient Persian Mirror of Princes with a Special Look at the Javidan Kherad Mirror of Princes, the Tansar Letter, and the Ardeshir Babakan's Record
Mohammad Bagher Mansourzadeh Zahra Massoud -
Open Access Article
29 - The Hero's Journey in Kār-Nāmag ī Ardashīr ī Pāpakān: A Mythological Approach
Mokhtar EbrahimiKār-Nāmag ī Ardashīr ī Pāpakān (The Book of the Deeds of Ardeshir, Son of Papak), a mythological and epic text in Middle Persian (Pahlavi) language, introduces the founder of the Sassanid state as a hero and a mythological figure. The main question of the present resear MoreKār-Nāmag ī Ardashīr ī Pāpakān (The Book of the Deeds of Ardeshir, Son of Papak), a mythological and epic text in Middle Persian (Pahlavi) language, introduces the founder of the Sassanid state as a hero and a mythological figure. The main question of the present research is why and how this text confronted with the rival, Parthian discourse, and tried to dominate its own discourse. The important hypothesis of the research is that human, natural and supernatural forces in this narrative, in coordination with each other, have presented a new discourse that refers to another type of thought and, consequently, another kind of lifestyle. In the narration of Kār-Nāmag, by the efforts of himself and his allies, as well as with the help of other characters and absorbing his competitors, the hero engages in a continuous battle. The present study, with a mythological approach and based on Joseph Campbell's hero's journey steps, examines the influential factors leading to the complex path to victory. The present study uses a descriptive-analytical method to explain the reason for the hero's journey. Through the narration of Kār-Nāmag, it becomes clear how the country saved from disunion and the kingdom of Iranshahr maintained its cohesion. Each of the characters in the book plays a role in leading Iranshahr back to national unity and is reminiscent of the role of the Iranian mythological liberation figures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Tax ("Baj", "Baj", "Kharaj", "Sav", "Gazit", "Gazid") in Iranshahri thoughts
seyyed mohammd fath ollahzade Mir jalil AkramiIn the tax system, ransom and tribute were an important source of income for Iranshahr. These resources were provided through the payment of ransom and tribute from the people inside the country, or through the extortion and tribute of the princes of Iranshahri from the MoreIn the tax system, ransom and tribute were an important source of income for Iranshahr. These resources were provided through the payment of ransom and tribute from the people inside the country, or through the extortion and tribute of the princes of Iranshahri from the kings of other countries. In this regard, most of the rulers and kings of the lands and kingdoms played a significant role. In the mythology of Iran, lands such as Hamavaran, China, India, etc. were among the ransom paying countries of Iranshahris; Of course, some countries were either at war or at peace with Iranians. In any case, the powerful princes of Iran used to collect ransom and tribute from these countries and other kingdoms. In this study and research, while examining and extracting "ransoms", "tributes" and how to collect and pay tribute and the quality of its use in the construction and settlement and security of Iranshahr, it has been tried. The political relations and the behavior of the princes of Iranshahr in taking taxes (extortion and tribute) in peacetime or during war in dealing with the rulers and kings of different countries and kingdoms of the world and the people of Iranshahr should be evaluated. In the meantime, the attention and opinions of the Shahriars of Iranshahr have been more in collecting ransom and tribute from the people of Iranshahr. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - On Bahmannameh
Akbar Nahvi Sara RezapurBahmannameh is an epic account of Bahman, son of Esfandyar. Dr Afifi, proofreader of this poem specifies the author’s name as Iranshah ibn Abi’l-khair, and Dr Matini proofreader of Koushnameh, another epic of this author, for some reason assumes the name Ira MoreBahmannameh is an epic account of Bahman, son of Esfandyar. Dr Afifi, proofreader of this poem specifies the author’s name as Iranshah ibn Abi’l-khair, and Dr Matini proofreader of Koushnameh, another epic of this author, for some reason assumes the name Iranshan ibn Abi’l-khair to be correct. The exact date of composition of Bahmannameh is not clear and it is said to have been composed at the end of the fifth and beginning of the sixth century. Thus uncertainties still remain as to the exact name of the poet and date of its composition. This essay with reference to Mojmal-attavarikh-valghesas manuscripts, and also studying the events referred by the composer of the poem in its preface has proved based on certain evidence that the composition of Bahmannameh had already been completed slightly before the tenth of month of Zihijeh 495, and after Garshaspnameh it is considered as the oldest national epic of Iran. Furthermore the name of Iranshan despite its oddness is quite genuine. It is verified with reference to the Fiqh al- lughah and its meaning and other examples of similar names are also discussed. Manuscript profile
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