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Open Access Article
1 - IMPACTS AND CHALLENGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE BUSINESSES IN NIGERIA
Scholastica Mallo Francisca Ogwueleka -
Open Access Article
2 - A Documentary Analysis of Socio-Economic Impacts of IoT in Denmark
Babak Goldouzian Mohammad Soltanifar Seyed Ali Rahmanzadeh Soroush Fathi Sara MohamadpourDenmark is one of the leading countries in the utilization of the Internet of Things. This study analyzes the socio-economic impacts of the Internet of Things in Denmark. The research method is documentary analysis and we investigated in documents, articles and reports MoreDenmark is one of the leading countries in the utilization of the Internet of Things. This study analyzes the socio-economic impacts of the Internet of Things in Denmark. The research method is documentary analysis and we investigated in documents, articles and reports published in Denmark. The results show that the Internet of Things has led to the realization of sustainable development goals in various areas of urban, health, education, transportation and etc. In the social field, in general, there has been an increase in the life quality and education and digital literacy, more valuable job opportunities, improvement the health services, and smart care. And, of course, there are important challenges and concerns regarding ethical issues, privacy, data protection and etc. in this regard, legal frameworks must be considered to address them. In the economic field, the study of documents shows the change of business model, increasing productivity, creating new business opportunities and presence in global markets, and the growth of the national economy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Analysis of key drivers that influence pattern of land cover in rural areas of East Guilan in order to making a foresight
mohammad ali rahimi pour sheikhani nejadIn this study in order to making a foresight and sustainable land planning in rural areas of east guilan as a special ecological zone including 744 villages Essential variables Were collected by using questionnaire & Delphi Method with cooperation of experts. Influe MoreIn this study in order to making a foresight and sustainable land planning in rural areas of east guilan as a special ecological zone including 744 villages Essential variables Were collected by using questionnaire & Delphi Method with cooperation of experts. Influence coefficient was calculated. Number of influential variables on changes in land cover were 93 ones. (in the local, regional& national level) key drivers were detected by MIC-MAC. In order to creating scenario 19 influential key drivers on changes in land cover were homogenized by a 20-person professional pannel.9 main descriptors were defined, then for every descriptor 3 Variant were defined( express possible moods from most critical to the best). In the next step three scenario based on strong consistency with 15 years interval were obtained by Cross-Impact Balance matrix and Monte Carlo Simulation in Scenario Wizard. Finally, the resulting scenarios, based on the most effective in conservation of earth's natural coverage and continuity of stability, with titles balanced ecological changes, relatively balanced ecological changes and imbalanced ecological changes were named. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The environmental effects of Uromieh lake road
نادر Habibzadeh منصور BadrifarUromieh lake, located in the interface of West Azarbaijan and East Azarbaijanprovinces, is one the unique habitats in all around the world creating breathtaking andpicturesque landscape in this area. The instruction of a suitable road, consideringenvironmental issues, c MoreUromieh lake, located in the interface of West Azarbaijan and East Azarbaijanprovinces, is one the unique habitats in all around the world creating breathtaking andpicturesque landscape in this area. The instruction of a suitable road, consideringenvironmental issues, can turn this region to one of the tourist attraction centers inIran. By the way, apart from the foregoing advantage this proceeding will facilitatetransportation between capital cities of two important provinces, namely WestAzarbaijan and East Azarbaijan thereby pave the way for the progress of this region.However even though, considering the vulnerable and sensitive ecosystems, theimplementation of this project will result in some deleterious effects from theviewpoint of environmental and social-economic aspects. Therefore, environmentalimpact assessment of this project is really inevitable. In this research theenvironmental threats related to this project along with the effects of Uromieh lakewatershed on the construction of this road have been examined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Evaluating of planning process and regional impacts national construction plan (Case study ;Kārūn-3 Dam)
رحمت الله Farhoodi مجید AbdolahiMain efforts for executing national prosperity and construction plans includes,programming, budget securing, operation& monitoring; are usually handled bygovernmental department. Because of national targets and necessity of executing basicprograms with regard to str MoreMain efforts for executing national prosperity and construction plans includes,programming, budget securing, operation& monitoring; are usually handled bygovernmental department. Because of national targets and necessity of executing basicprograms with regard to strategic action plans in national development; large scale andnational projects should be programmed by government.For this point of view and up to down programming procedure in performingsuch plan, causes enormous change in local, regional and also national geographicalboundrise.Dam constructing is one of the government development program in order toprovide water for drinking and agriculture. These projects have many environmental,economical and social impact in local scale.In iran kārūn- 3 dam plan ,generates electricity, control flood water in upper basinyield and also provide fresh water for agriculture targets. The plan fesibility studybegan in 1961 and was exploited in 2003.The following paper not only evaluates Kārūn-3 dam planning process with dueattention to planning theory, but also make clear the project impact in regional andlocal scales. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - An economic model for food packaging waste management with a sustainable development approach
avideh Asadollahi Hamid Tohidi Ahmad ShojaBackground and Objective: Today, food packaging waste management is a challenge on a global scale that has faced many economic constraints in developing countries. If this waste is not managed properly, it will have irreparable consequences on the quality of the environ MoreBackground and Objective: Today, food packaging waste management is a challenge on a global scale that has faced many economic constraints in developing countries. If this waste is not managed properly, it will have irreparable consequences on the quality of the environment and human health. The purpose of this paper is to select sustainable scenarios for packaging waste management based on product design. Material and Methodology: In this research, by simulating a mathematical model, the costs of waste management scenarios and at the same time the detrimental effects on environmental quality and human health have been minimized. The proposed model, which can be used in various industries, has been implemented using binary genetic optimization algorithm, taking into account the design details, life cycle analysis and end-of-life options (in the form of 9 management scenarios). Findings: In general, estimating the optimal solution of the proposed model in each product group, shows the winning scenario appropriate to the optimal design alternative, which is an economic option with the least destructive effects on the environment and human health. The results of model implementation for a real example show in seven product groups defined four scenarios (25% source reduction, 25% recycling and 45% incineration and only 5% landfill) and scenario five (source reduction by 60% and incineration of 30% of waste and 10% landfill) are the winning options for optimal designs in most product groups. Discussion and Conclusion: The simulated model helps manufacturers to have a proper estimate of the environmental and economic consequences of the designed product. This research also enables decision makers and policy makers to achieve the goals of sustainable development, by legislating more manufacturers to accept responsibility for end-of-life management of their products as well as municipalities to set up a network. Encourage urban waste management systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Investigating the environmental consequences of tourism development by the Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix method (Case study: Costal area of Chaf-Chamkhaleh, Guilan)
Somae Golchin Bahman RamezaniBackground and Objective: The topic of tourism as a new phenomenon and a source for development can be investigated from different aspects of political, economic, social, cultural and environmental policies. It is one of the main sources of income for countries at prese MoreBackground and Objective: The topic of tourism as a new phenomenon and a source for development can be investigated from different aspects of political, economic, social, cultural and environmental policies. It is one of the main sources of income for countries at present. Unfortunately, due to improper planning as well as weak infrastructure and management of tourism, development of tourism has led to large negative environmental impacts. The aim of this study is to assess the environmental impacts caused by the residences and tourist accommodations in the coastal area of Chaf-Chamkhale using the Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix method (RIAM) in operation phase of physical-chemical, ecological-biological, social-cultural and economic- operational environments. Method: Rapid impact assessment matrix method (RIAM) is one of the methods used for assessing the environmental impacts. Using this method, the standard data of important criteria have been assessed in this study. Findings: The results show that tourism development has positive effects on economic-operational and social-cultural environments. The minimum negative effects were seen on health and traffic and the maximum effects were noticed on physical environment. Discussion and Conclusion: Although tourism development in the study area has seemingly increased economical income and employment, it has posed a much larger destruction and negative views such as degradation of physical environments, land use change and environmental conservation as a result of employing the existing methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Application of Life Cycle Assessment Method to Compare Environmental Impacts of a Green Roof and a Normal Roof
Elma Mohammadi Seyed Hamed Mirkarimi Marjan Mohammadzadeh Introduction: Green roof is one of the options to improve environmental problems of urban areas. Meanwhile there are some worries about the environmental impacts of creating green roofs, as despite the benefits of vegetation, some layers of green roofs like wate More Introduction: Green roof is one of the options to improve environmental problems of urban areas. Meanwhile there are some worries about the environmental impacts of creating green roofs, as despite the benefits of vegetation, some layers of green roofs like waterproof membrane, are made from polymers. In this survey, environmental impacts of an extensive green roof in its lifetime were compared with a normal roof. Materials and Method: In this survey, life cycle assessment method was used. Since there are various methods to implement a green roof, first different methods of implementation and different materials that can be used in its layers were studied and collected. Then some of these methods were chosen to investigate their environmental impacts in order to find the optimized option to create a green roof. On the next step, life cycle assessment of optimized option and normal roof was conducted. The open LCA software was used to compare environmental impacts of different implementing methods, and also optimized option and normal roof. Results and Discussion: Results showed that the green roof has less environmental impacts than normal roof, during its lifetime. In addition, it was indicated that in some impact categories that the environmental impacts of green roof was more than normal roof the reason was using PVC and geotextile (glass fiber and polyester) in its layers. Results of this paper can be improved by measuring benefits of creating a green roof (such as reducing quantity and quality of run off amounts), and also using materials with less environmental impacts in green roofs layers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Geopolitical and environmental study of artificial islands in the Persian Gulf (From the perspective of international law)
sona ghasemi Seyed-Abbas Poorhashemi ali zare parvin farshchi hermidas bavandAccording to the 1982 convention of the seas, constructing artificial islands is permitted, and countries can build artificial islands in their own territory. However, creating artificial islands in the Persian Gulf area makes the countries in the region, especially Ira MoreAccording to the 1982 convention of the seas, constructing artificial islands is permitted, and countries can build artificial islands in their own territory. However, creating artificial islands in the Persian Gulf area makes the countries in the region, especially Iran, pursue the issue more sensitively. Moreover, according to principles of International Environmental Law, the countries that construct artificial islands should provide other countries with the required information regarding the construction and properties of their own artificial islands.Today, artificial island construction is being increased, and this has caused many environmental crises, including the increase of water darkness and pollution and transport of coastal sediments. This article analyzed the destructive impacts of constructing artificial islands in the Persian Gulf environment, the effect of development of new land space from geopolitical view, and building artificial islands from the viewpoint of International Law of the seas are being reviewed. Moreover, because the notion of governance in modern International Law has been modified regarding the use of the environment and sustainable development, the countries constructing these islands and coastal countries will have limited rights to build artificial islands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Environmental and Social Impact of Industrial Development (Case Study: Tehran City)
Abbas Noroozzadeh Marzieh mogholi Ahmadali khorambakhtBackground and Objective: In order to achieve national services, the strategy of industrialization undoubtedly plays an important role in protecting the special and natural resources of its particular environment. It has been described to this extent and can be customiz MoreBackground and Objective: In order to achieve national services, the strategy of industrialization undoubtedly plays an important role in protecting the special and natural resources of its particular environment. It has been described to this extent and can be customized.Material and Methodology: The purpose of this research is applied based on purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature and method. The statistical population of the study is the citizens of Tehran. Questionnaire, observation and interview were used for data collection. SPSS software and one-group T-test were used for data analysis.Findings: The results show that there is a significant relationship between the development of industry in Tehran and environmental pollution (increased electronic and non-electronic waste, air pollution, etc.) and informal housing, but with social inequality (social class conflict, opportunity inequality, gender equality) has no significant relationship.Discussion and Conclusion: As the industry evolves, environmental and social consequences also emerge over time. As soon as developing countries adopt western technology, social structures change and the region's environment is affected by this development. Consideration of environmental and social impacts is widely needed in developing countries because of the underdeveloped economy and lack of appropriate scientific and technological infrastructure; development plans in these countries have a significant negative impact on biodiversity and the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Principles of Primary School Yard Design Based on Promotion of Learning and EI According to Teachers and Designers point of View
Hosna sadat Shams Dolatabadi Nilufar Malek Farhang Mozafar Bahram Saleh SedghpourBackground and Objective: Considering the effects that educational open spaces have on students and users of such environments, the study aims to provide guidelines for designing children’s open spaces in primary school based on Promotion of learning and Emotional MoreBackground and Objective: Considering the effects that educational open spaces have on students and users of such environments, the study aims to provide guidelines for designing children’s open spaces in primary school based on Promotion of learning and Emotional intelligence. Method: This research is an attempt to identify the factors affecting promotion of learning and emotional intelligence from teachers and designers point of view in school yards to draw the correlation between factors in an analytical model. In this research after setting up the contents of the content table and the questionnaire, the sample size based on Klein's views reached 326 users. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 22 using R factor analysis and model was developed by Amos. Findings: Among the responses of teachers and school designers to the questionnaire, eight factors can be identified. In such a way that for about 72 percent of respondents, a reality has been commonly understood. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of the research show that the effects of natural elements on self-fulfillment, spaces with cultural functions, environments for multisensory play for different ages, the relationship between space and flexible furniture, the semi-private spaces (with supervision), the relationship of various spaces with the presence and learning of children in schoolyard, the relationship between open and closed spaces, the relationship between flexibility and spatial diversity with physical and psychological comfort, can affect schools open spaces to enhance emotional intelligence and learning process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Thermodynamic and Environmental Simulation and Analysis of Tehran Petroleum Refinery Power and Steam Plant
Mohammad Hasan Khoshgoftar Manesh Mohammad TolamiBackground and Objectives: Oil refineries are the most energy-intensive industries and produce a lot of pollutions. So, thermodynamic simulation is important for performance analysis of equipment, estimation of emissions and environmental impacts. In this paper, simulat MoreBackground and Objectives: Oil refineries are the most energy-intensive industries and produce a lot of pollutions. So, thermodynamic simulation is important for performance analysis of equipment, estimation of emissions and environmental impacts. In this paper, simulation and thermodynamic and environmental analysis of Tehran refinery power and steam plant have been studied. Method: In this regards, two scenarios for performance improvement of steam and power system have been proposed for Tehran refinery. Thermodynamic simulation of each main component has been performed in Matlab Environment. To verification of simulation results, Thermoflex and Star software have been employed. Also, Sima Pro software has been used for estimation of environmental impacts based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Findings: Results show the accuracy of the thermodynamic simulation is very high. The power of steam turbines has been increased by 8.87 % in the second and third scenarios. Also, the environmental impacts have been reduced 16 % in second and 60% in third scenarios. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the proposed scenarios and optimization of Tehran Refinery steam network, the efficiency of the network increases energy consumption and production of pollutants is significantly reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - A Survey of the Production of Paste Tailing in Agh-Darreh gold beneficiation complex and its Environmental Impacts
Sajad Haghir Chehreghani Hojat Hossein Zade Reza Samifard Aref AlipourTailings from metal mining operations were conventionally disposed of as slurry in an engineered surface impoundment near a mine-mill complex. Such disposal can lead to a variety of environmental and other hazards, such as dust generation, dam failure, and leakage. Addi MoreTailings from metal mining operations were conventionally disposed of as slurry in an engineered surface impoundment near a mine-mill complex. Such disposal can lead to a variety of environmental and other hazards, such as dust generation, dam failure, and leakage. Additional disadvantages may result from the requirement for large amounts of land with limited long-term beneficial use, as well as aesthetic impacts. Paste and thickened tailings technology is becoming recognized as an alternative for minimizing the engineering and environmental challenges commonly associated with the disposal of mineral wastes conventional tailings storage facilities. Paste is simply dewatered tailings with little or no water bleed that are non-segregating in nature. This paper focuses on some environmental and operational benefits associated with disposal of tailings in paste form. The environmental benefits of surface disposal of paste can be divided into two main categories; first, very little free water is available for generation of a leach ate, thereby reducing potential impacts on receiving waters and biological receptors. Second, the paste production technology allows for production of an engineered material by modifying the paste geochemistry in such a manner that environmental benefits result. Because of environmental risks related to gold beneficiation, a Paste Production and Storage Mechanism (PPSM) were installed in Agh-Darreh gold beneficiation complex. Research results are as follows: 34%reduction in tailing volume, 14% reduction in fresh water and required Sodium cyanide, 2 million U.S $ economic saving in construction of tailing dam, and decrease of environmental pollution of beneficiation complex. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Human Security and Challenges to the Development of Renewable Energies in Iran, with Emphasis on Environmental Security
Seyed Masoud Mousavi shafaee Younes Noorollahi Ahad Rezayan Ghayahbashi Hossein Yousefi Ali Hossein RezayanBackground and Objective: Environmental security, as one of the seven dimensions of human security, has a close connection with the way of using energy resources. Energy management has an important role in achieving the sustainable development by reducing environmental MoreBackground and Objective: Environmental security, as one of the seven dimensions of human security, has a close connection with the way of using energy resources. Energy management has an important role in achieving the sustainable development by reducing environmental pollution. Sustainable development would be impossible without environmental security. In other words, energy has a direct connection with security and development. Energy specialists and planners in the world believe that renewable energies should play a much prominent role in providing human energy requirement and reducing environmental pollution. Discussing future problems and developing appropriate strategies and policies can have a key role in developing renewable energies to supply some parts of energy requirement in the country. Method: The aim of this study is to discuss the benefits and opportunities for developing renewable energies in Iran based on assessment of the factors involved in related organizations, through studying the importance and developed position of renewable energy resources in Iran and the world. Some benefits of developing renewable energies include: reliable and clean energy resource, power generation with a stable price, diversification of power resources in the country to be able to do more export, power supply of electricity generation with the less ancillary costs, reaching the aims of the 4th and the 5th National Development Plan and also the potential for economic development, with emphasis on technology development and new jobs creation. in this paper, by reviewing the existing laws and policies on new energies, the necessity of sound policies for development of renewable energies in national energy plans in line with ensuring human and environmental security, with emphasis on challenges to development of renewable energies in Iran have been investigated. Results: The results show that developing renewable energies in the world faces economical, technical, administrative and legal challenges which cause delay in development of these energies. Besides all these international barriers, development of renewable energies in Iran faces other national and local problems. Some of the major obstacles to the development of renewable energy resources in Iran includes: lack of plans and documented policies for development, lack of national and local laws concerning renewable energies, lack of knowledge about the function of these sources of energy among national planners and managers, weaknesses in human resources management as well as technology transfer barriers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Study of land use and urban development effects on rapid mass transportation system
Mohsen Aghdas Vatankhah Fereydoun GharibA rapid mass transportation system refers to a complex of transportation means in special corridors, which takes travelers from a specified point to a certain destination in the least amount of time and with sufficient safety. Such a system often uses high technologies MoreA rapid mass transportation system refers to a complex of transportation means in special corridors, which takes travelers from a specified point to a certain destination in the least amount of time and with sufficient safety. Such a system often uses high technologies and usually rails. The role of such systems and their effect on urban planning and residential areas development are important because often they do not have the limitations of other modes of transportation; therefore, they minimize the time of travelling from the city’s main administrative and trade centers to major residential areas. And this factor has mutual effects on travel demands on the one hand and urban development on the other hand. This article is part of a more comprehensive study and only investigates the effects of various land uses and urban design role in decreasing or increasing transportation demands and the three important factors affecting such demands. Theses factors are spatial organization, density zoning, and urban design and its effects on transportation demands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The Impacts Analysis of Tourism Services Development on Environmental-Physical Instability in Rural Settlements (Case study: Torghabeh County in Binalood City)
Neshat Omidvar Mahdi Poortaheri Abdolreza Roknoddin EftekhariNowadays, tourism development causes environmental and physical changes in rural areas. Accordingly, this study analyzes the impacts of tourism services on environmental-physical changes in the villages of Torghabeh County. Data collection was based on the documentary a MoreNowadays, tourism development causes environmental and physical changes in rural areas. Accordingly, this study analyzes the impacts of tourism services on environmental-physical changes in the villages of Torghabeh County. Data collection was based on the documentary and survey methods. The information about the independent variable (the development of tourism services) and dependent variable (environmental-physical impacts) were collected by Vikor method and the questionnaires, respectively. Then, they were analyzed by linear regression test in SPSS software in order to determine the impact of tourism services development on environmental-physical instability in Torghabeh County. In addition, the Landsat satellite images were used for the assessment of land use changes. In the first hypothesis, the correlation coefficient (0.86) demonstrates that there is a strong, direct and positive correlation relationship between two variables of tourism development and environmental instability and there is a significant linear relationship between these variables (Significance level=0.002). Also, in the second hypothesis, the correlation coefficient (0.92) explains that there is a direct, strong and positive relationship between two variables of tourism development and physical instability, and the relationship between these variables is also significant (Significance level=0.04). Based on the results, the area of agricultural land and rangelands has been decreasing between 1987 and 2016. In 1987, the square of agricultural land and rangelands were 3031.3 and 5765.52 hectares, respectively. However, in 2016, these areas had fallen to 2346.2 and 550.98 hectares, respectively. According to the adjusted coefficient of determination, 83% of the environmental instability and 89% of the physical instability in the sample villages are dependent on the development of tourism services. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The Effect of Electricity Transmission Lines on Urban and Human Environment
Malihe AminiToday, the electricity industry and its use are an integral part of life, so even a single minute of electricity can cause billions of losses. If electricity had not been discovered so far, human beings would never have reached such levels of prosperity and still have t MoreToday, the electricity industry and its use are an integral part of life, so even a single minute of electricity can cause billions of losses. If electricity had not been discovered so far, human beings would never have reached such levels of prosperity and still have to use carts and horses. This paper examines the characteristics of urban environments and the effects of electricity transmission lines on the environment and humans. In addition to all the benefits that the electricity industry has, it will also have potentially harmful effects on humans and the environment, making people exposed to power lines more likely to develop cancers than others. Considering human progress, solutions to this problem can be found, for example, the transmission of electricity from underground lines, which have a detrimental effect on both the physical and environmental health of the airline Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Introduction of DPSIR Model and Its Applicable in Environmental decision making
Atieh Khatibi Afshin Danehkar Sharareh Pourebrahim Majid VahidThe purpose of this study is an introduction of the DPSIR model and the application of DPSIR modelin the environment and its decision making by reviewing the DPSIR the application of DPSIR modelin the environment and its decision making by reviewing the DPSIR. Due to nu MoreThe purpose of this study is an introduction of the DPSIR model and the application of DPSIR modelin the environment and its decision making by reviewing the DPSIR the application of DPSIR modelin the environment and its decision making by reviewing the DPSIR. Due to numerous environmentalproblems which are mostly based on economical aspects of anthropogenic Over the recent decadesboth scientists and decision-makers challenged. These problems have ranged in scales from globalclimate change to effects of anthropogenic on ecological systems. Nowadays, there is a considerableneed to a flexible approach to deal effectively with environmental problems regarding to thoseproblems; an approaches which consider both socio-economic factors as well as environmentalfactors. With respect to the aim of this study, the method of the study is reviewing researches andprevious findings about the application of DPSIR model and it’s as benefits and disadvantages in anenvironmental decision making. The DPSIR (Driving force-pressure-state-impact-responseframeworkis such a tool allowing the description of environmental problems through defining the relationshipbetween anthropogenic activities and the environment. The results of this study indicates that TheDPSIR model could categorize and simplify various information about environmental systems due toproviding those information for policy makers for possible responses. so in recent decades this methodare increasingly used by scientists and policy makers Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Investigation of Aluminum and Composite Aircraft Wings Under the Influence of Aerodynamic Forces and their Effects on Environmental Impacts
S Ebadi K Shahbazi E Anbarzadeh -
Open Access Article
20 - Host Attitude toward Second Home Tourism Impacts on Rural Development (The case of: Rural collection of Javaherdeh in Ramsar)
Seyyed Mohammad Mirtaghian Rudsari Najmeh Gharibi -
Open Access Article
21 - Socio-cultural impacts of tourism in Shahmirzad town
Nayer Pirahari Shideh Parnian Shahram Kiaei -
Open Access Article
22 - Application of DPSIR Conceptual Framework in Analyzing the Impact of the Type and Level of Physical – qualitative Changes on Urban Construction
Sina Ataee Ali Soltani Kalil Hajipoor -
Open Access Article
23 - Investigation of environmental dimensions of brownfield dispersion in marginal areas
Sanaz Saeidi mofradToday, the physical and sparse urban sprawl is one of the well-known features of developing countries, and this uneven development of the city into the surrounding rural areas leads to poor urban development and environmental degradation. Brown lands are among the aband MoreToday, the physical and sparse urban sprawl is one of the well-known features of developing countries, and this uneven development of the city into the surrounding rural areas leads to poor urban development and environmental degradation. Brown lands are among the abandoned areas, inefficient and in need of redevelopment in cities. There has been instability in cities. Therefore, the need to pay attention and identify these areas for sustainable intervention is extremely important. The main issue of the present study is to identify the criteria for defining brown lands and to study the environmental dimensions of the dispersion of these lands in suburban areas. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The results of the study indicate that although brown lands are structurally different from each other, but in nature have common features, so identifying these lands as potential urban potentials is an opportunity to achieve sustainable urban development, protection of urban areas and It will prevent the uncontrolled growth and destruction of agricultural lands and green areas of the suburbs Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Investigation of environmental dimensions of brownfield dispersion in marginal areas
Fazel Khaleghi Today, the physical and sparse urban sprawl is one of the well-known features of developing countries, and this uneven development of the city into the surrounding rural areas leads to poor urban development and environmental degradation. Brown lands are among t More Today, the physical and sparse urban sprawl is one of the well-known features of developing countries, and this uneven development of the city into the surrounding rural areas leads to poor urban development and environmental degradation. Brown lands are among the abandoned areas, inefficient and in need of redevelopment in cities. There has been instability in cities. Therefore, the need to pay attention and identify these areas for sustainable intervention is extremely important. The main issue of the present study is to identify the criteria for defining brown lands and to study the environmental dimensions of the dispersion of these lands in suburban areas. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The results of the study indicate that although brown lands are structurally different from each other, but in nature have common features, so identifying these lands as potential urban potentials is an opportunity to achieve sustainable urban development, protection of urban areas and It will prevent the uncontrolled growth and destruction of agricultural lands and green areas of the suburbs Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - ??????
Abolfazl Soltani Sarveh Mohammadi??????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Management of Environmental Impacts due to Mining Operations Using Fuzzy Multiple Criteria Decision Making Techniques (Case Study: Chadormaloo Mining Complex)
arash ebrahimabadiDestruction of area and changes in local ecosystem are viewed as the most important environmental impacts of mining operations in a region. Extents of disturbance area particularly waste dumps are also being increased as mining continues. Hence, environmental management MoreDestruction of area and changes in local ecosystem are viewed as the most important environmental impacts of mining operations in a region. Extents of disturbance area particularly waste dumps are also being increased as mining continues. Hence, environmental management and reclamation of mined lands play a major role in environmental protection in a specified mining region. With this respect, this paper describes optimum plant selection for reclamation process of mining in Chadormaloo mining complex as a case study. In all type of post mining land use such as Agriculture, Pasture, Forestry, Tourist attraction, Wild life creation, selection and planting the appropriate plant species is one the most essential requirements to successful implement the mine reclamation plan. The Research methodology is, Selecting of plant species that is on the basis of the primary factors that are: type of post mining land use, Climate, Nature­ of soil. Then priority is defined between the selected species, based on of the secondary factors by two Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) models that criteria are perspective of the region, resistance against disease and insects,­ strength and method of growth, availability of plant type, economic efficiency, protection of soil and storing water, prevention from pollution. These models are implemented by FUZZY AHP and FUZZY TOPSIS methods. The mentioned procedure was applied to Chadormaloo iron mine in Iran. Decision making was executed on the basis of oral judgments and experts’ opinions in the case study. Results showed that among candidate plants, Artemisia sieberi, Salsola yazdiana, Halophytes types, and Zygophyllum, respectively, are ranked and prioritized as optimum plants for reclamation process using two methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - An overview of the origin and geographical routing of fine dust and strategies to deal with it in Iran
hamid kheyroddinIran and the Middle East are in the dry belt of the world. Due to climatic and geographical conditions, our country is prone to dust storms. Drought, insecurity and war, lack of vegetation, atmospheric instability in neighboring deserts and horizontal and vertical trans MoreIran and the Middle East are in the dry belt of the world. Due to climatic and geographical conditions, our country is prone to dust storms. Drought, insecurity and war, lack of vegetation, atmospheric instability in neighboring deserts and horizontal and vertical transfer of dust particles and its intensification due to intrusion and occupation The practice has had adverse effects on the ecosystem, health, health, production, transportation, tourism, increased pollution, increased migration, and the like. This research intends to use the method of collecting library information and using data, maps and spatial and geographical analysis to get a proper knowledge and picture of the geographical status of the fine dust phenomenon in terms of origin and direction of its creation. Then, using this information, to analyze the space and find the root of the internal and external origin of fine dust. Therefore, in this article, with a review and descriptive method, the route and the dust center are first examined outside the country, such as Iraq, Syria and the Arabian Peninsula, and then the Northeast region, Central Asia, Turkmenistan and southeast Pakistan using The map and related zoning were collected and then the internal origin in the main geographical directions of the dust and dust phenomenon from the interior of the country was studied. This phenomenon occurs throughout the year, but the frequency of occurrence and its negative effect and worse air quality It is more common in hot seasons, especially in summer and July and August. This is due to the frequent influx of dust from Iraq and the instability of the Hijaz desert climate, declining air humidity, drought, excessive use of water and natural resources, increasing temperature and speed and wind direction, and drying of wetlands and mismanagement. Various in economic, social, political, environmental dimensions. There is an institution and organization that mentions some of these consequences and strategies to deal with it from the research results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Armenian political, social and cultural structures during the period of the Arsacids of Armenia
mohammad malekiThe study of the history of Armenia during the presence of the Parthians in Armenia and the establishment and continuation of their government created changes in various political, social and cultural spheres in Armenia, whose effects in some areas, years after their fa MoreThe study of the history of Armenia during the presence of the Parthians in Armenia and the establishment and continuation of their government created changes in various political, social and cultural spheres in Armenia, whose effects in some areas, years after their fall and even to the present day of continuity Found. Meanwhile, the role of the Parthians in creating an out-of-order social system is undeniable through the organization of its aristocratic dynasties and their application to the hierarchy of the political power structure in Armenia and its consolidation and sustainability even after the fall of this family. Their severity and weakness in the Armenian power structure during this period depended on the close relationship with the king's position and the spatial and temporal conditions that Armenia was taking advantage of. The influence of the Parthians in the political structure and administrative hierarchy and even the Armenian social classes during this period was partially influenced by the historical and cultural background of Armenia, due to the long-standing presence of the Iranian tribes ruling the land, and the Armenian Partisans, knowing this important truth, They were able to create important developments, especially in the social and cultural sphere in Armenia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The Regional Performance Impacts in the Supply Chain integration: Evidence from East Africa Basic Metal Industry
Alie Wube Dametew Birehanu Beshah Frank Ebinger -
Open Access Article
30 - Environmental Impact Assessment of Tourism Development Plans in Anzali Free Zone
abbas moradi Bahman RamezaniPlans of tourism development has need to Environmental Impact Assessment for environment sastianable. Leopold model and the comments of 30 environmental, meteorological, agricultural and natural resources experts who worked in the Anzali Free Zone, in order to survey an MorePlans of tourism development has need to Environmental Impact Assessment for environment sastianable. Leopold model and the comments of 30 environmental, meteorological, agricultural and natural resources experts who worked in the Anzali Free Zone, in order to survey and complete the questionnaire,The results showed that the utility rate of these projects is less than its destructive effects. Tourism Plans have created employment in the region and provided economic prosperity in the region, water quality of the Talab Abad area was inappropriate for microbial purposes. It have sodium chloride and sodium and potassium minerals in this water. sample of water quality in the Chaperrodesman area showed that this water is suitable for microbial purposes, but its guidance is higher than the permitted limit, and salts and minerals (iron , Manganese, Nacl) is high in it. This sample is not suitable for drinking, but it is suitable for bathing.The amount of water TDS in this sample is 1016 mg / l.destruction of animal habitats and contamination of water and soil erosion. Also according to the experiments carried out in two sections of microbial and chemical water quality in the studied areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Evaluating the effects and consequences of tourism on attitude and quality of citizens life Case Study: Meshkinshahr
Davoud Dadgsh Oghli Hossein Varedy Fakhrabadi Nahid Abdolah zade hanjaniToday, tourism, as the most extensive service industry in the world, has a special place in the economic, cultural, social and political spheres. Considering that the city of Meshkinshahr, located in the mountains of Sabalan, has the good climate condition and wide rang MoreToday, tourism, as the most extensive service industry in the world, has a special place in the economic, cultural, social and political spheres. Considering that the city of Meshkinshahr, located in the mountains of Sabalan, has the good climate condition and wide range natural resources, so the study of the role of urban tourism development on improving the quality of citizens life can be an effective step in Sustainable development of habitable urban tourism. The research methodology based on the purpose is applied research and According to the research and data collection is descriptive-survey. The research methodology based on the purpose is applied research and According to the research and data collection is descriptive-survey. This research as a methodology used analysis- descriptive based. Studying the effects of tourism on the quality of life in host society was done by using the model of TOPSIS and Entropy. The results indicate that the effects are as follows: economic impact score is 0/731 socio-cultural impact score 0/569 substructure effects 0/524 environmental with a score of 0/505 are in the third and fourth level.Keywords: Tourism, Tourism Impacts, sustainable tourism, Quality of Life Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Structural Modeling of Local People Attitude towards Tourism Impacts by Modifier role of Social Advertising
Mohammad Najjarzadeh Majid Nematolahi Hossein BalouchiTourism is a media and tourists are the best media for touristic regions. The purpose of this paper is study of economic, social and environmental impacts and its effects on local's quality of life by the role of social advertising modifier. In this research, a descript MoreTourism is a media and tourists are the best media for touristic regions. The purpose of this paper is study of economic, social and environmental impacts and its effects on local's quality of life by the role of social advertising modifier. In this research, a descriptive-correlation method was used. Statistical population was Dasht e Arjan in Shiraz city, which 4 villages were selected. To collect data, questionnaire was used and its validity and reliability were examined by fuzzy- Delphi approach and internal consistency. For investigating Modifier Effect of social advertising, it used LISREL software. Statistical sample divided into 2 group and structural modeling was investigate by considering modifier role and not considering modifier role. Results showed that without considering modifier role, there is a positive relationship between local people attitude with tourism impacts and these impacts has positive and significant relationship with local's quality of life. But by considering modifier role, social advertising just modify relationship between local's people attitude with economic impacts. Social advertising could not modify relationship between social and environmental impacts with local's attitude and also between economic and social with quality of life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Second Homes Tourism (Case Study: Rudbar Qasran County, Shemiranat county , Tehran province
Fazileh Davarkhani Habib Mahmoodi Somayeh Sadat MousaviAt the same time as the structural changes in the field of tourism in the country and in particular the prevalence of tourism in rural areas around the cities, the construction of second homes has grown dramatically and like other tourism patterns, it has had a number o MoreAt the same time as the structural changes in the field of tourism in the country and in particular the prevalence of tourism in rural areas around the cities, the construction of second homes has grown dramatically and like other tourism patterns, it has had a number of effects on the areas they are deployed. One of the most important ways to assess the effects of human activities in the environment, environmental impact assessment or EIA is to identify the effects of operational programs and projects on environmental factors at various stages and to propose solutions to reduce these effects. To collect the data based on the ICOLD model format, instead of using the questionnaire, through an interview with 15 local officials and trustees the inhabitants of the 5 villages of Ahar, Egole; baghgole, emameh bala, and Emameh paeein and designing a checklist, the environmental impacts of tourism in the second home were measured and quantitated. The results of the research showed that the tourism of the second homes in the studied village has a negative effect on the economic, social, biological and physical aspects. Matching the results of this study with previous studies revealed that in the environmental dimension, all researches were consistent with the results of the present study. In the economic and social dimensions, the difference in the relative environment of the problem in different environments and geographical locations has been different in some cases, and in some cases the opposite.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Analysis of Tourism potentials and capabilities from Baghbahadoran Villagers’ point of view
کاظم جاجرمی حسین سلیمانیToday, the tourism industry, especially domestic tourism, has earned an important status in a country’s economy and plays an effective role in enhancing economic, social, and cultural structure in all countries, especially developing countries. The present study w MoreToday, the tourism industry, especially domestic tourism, has earned an important status in a country’s economy and plays an effective role in enhancing economic, social, and cultural structure in all countries, especially developing countries. The present study was generally intended to examine the impacts of tourism on rural areas with a particular emphasis on villagers’ behavioral geography. The study was also aimed to propose strategies to develop these areas to, eventually, reach the best possible model for development. To do so, a documentary and field research methods were employed. After studying and analyzing academic sources and documents, the villagers were given a questionnaire to examine and analyze their opinions on rural development, which resulted in establishing strategies for development. Therefore, tourism and rural tourism play an effective role in rural sustained development. In addition, villagers’ behaviors have been effective in attracting tourists to the area. Finally, the existence of many natural capacities can play an important part in attracting tourists. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Examining the physical impacts of implementation of Rural Guide Plans from rural residents view point (case study: Miandoab County)
noraldin azimi nasrollah molaeihashjin ardeshir asheghiIn recent years, the preparation and implementation of Rural Guide Plan (RGP) has been one of the important steps in the development of rural areas in Iran. Currently, such projects are the most important tools in the villages for leading construction activities. MoreIn recent years, the preparation and implementation of Rural Guide Plan (RGP) has been one of the important steps in the development of rural areas in Iran. Currently, such projects are the most important tools in the villages for leading construction activities. With improving the physical structure in villages through the implementation of RGPs, the utilization of rural residents from public services has increased. Consequently the status of rural life has been improved which has raised the interest of villagers to live in rural areas. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the physical impacts of the implementation of RGPs from villagers viewpoint, so that the degree of the effectiveness of plans to be evaluated. The methodology of this study is mainly descriptive and the main data used in the research has been obtained from a field work through the use of questionnaires which has been analyzed using a number of statistical methods. The main findings of this study are: 1. The Implementation of RGP has been effective in term of improving the level of public services in the selected villages. 2. Implementation of RGP has increased the new constructions and has improved the construction methods, durability and outlook of buildings. 3. Implementation of RGP has increased rural residents' willingness to live in their villages which has led to the gradual reduction of rural-urban migrations. 4. Despite the positive physical impacts and improvement of public services in the villages, implementation of RGPs has not been successful in terms of economic pint of view and job creation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Investigate The Reasons of The Development of Rural Tourism In The Sarpolezahab County (Case Study: Village Patagh)
vahid riahi marya moradi asghar pashazadehRural tourism is an activity which is effective in rural development, economic development, prevent migration and rural development. Iran rural areas in recent decades with the evolution of social, economic and especially physical and in some villages, the transit MoreRural tourism is an activity which is effective in rural development, economic development, prevent migration and rural development. Iran rural areas in recent decades with the evolution of social, economic and especially physical and in some villages, the transition to create focused centers of rural tourism and rural tourism has become the focus. Patagh one village to village to village in recent years tourism has become. This study aimed to investigate the reasons for the development of tourism in the village Patagh and trying to study the implications of rural tourism in the area. The population study of 90 families residing in the village Patagh are using Cochran formula, 71 households were selected as research subjects. Data were analyzed using SPSS software is factor analysis was conducted. The results showed that the combined factor analysis of the original 29 variables, six factors were identified that 74.4% of the variance explained by the effects of tourism on the village Patagh. has been able to explain 40.3% of variance study. Physical and social context, lack of facilities in rural settlements is more important than others. Based on these factors and their effects, it can be concluded positive effects of rural tourism in Patagh more significant and negative effects and causes of rural income, employment and investment diversification in the rural. lack of access to data, lack of cooperation by the relevant organizations. Attract private investment to develop tourism facilities and services, use of indigenous manpower and cost involved in tourism services, public education to promote cultural village Patagh this study of its kind and the results can be used to help researchers and experts related to tourism and tourists. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Evaluation Impacts of Rural Plans in Rural Settlement Development the West Azerbaijan Province
میرنجف موسوی عبداله پورآقایی ایوب منوچهری میاندوآب میرصادق محمدیRural plan, organized the first comprehensive national effort to restructure the country's rural areas has been implemented in such a way that by the end of 1386 a total of 16 thousand 600 villages in the Rural Plan was prepared total of the more than seven thousand 700 MoreRural plan, organized the first comprehensive national effort to restructure the country's rural areas has been implemented in such a way that by the end of 1386 a total of 16 thousand 600 villages in the Rural Plan was prepared total of the more than seven thousand 700 villages have begun conducting or plan is implemented. After more than two decades, starting with the rural rural areas of the country, in a variety of physical effects - such as spatial variations in the physical fabric of the village, a change in housing patterns, inconsistencies in the rural roads network, facilitate you are traveling villagers and passers-by. In this paper we present the components of rural villages in West Azerbaijan province has been studied. Study is descriptive - analytical and control population of 40 villages in 20 villages (villages guide plan has not been implemented) and 20 experimental villages (rural conducting the project is implemented) is. Research findings show that 69 percent of the average experimental villages and villages having the facility to control 31 percent. T-test and ANOVA test were 95 and 99 percent indicated that the difference between experimental and control villages are benefit levels. rural development have been. The one-dimensional view of the project, not to allocate the necessary funds, the lack of integrated management, the main problems of the rural poor (economic aspects) has led to very positive results of experimental interventions in rural areas and not in a positive effect quality and sustainability of such interventions in experimental villages serious doubts exist. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - اثرات اقتصادی مورد انتظار توسعه اگرو توریسم در مناطق روستایی استان تهر ان ( همراه با مطالعه موردی در شهرستان پاکدشت)
Farideh Azimi Samvel Avetisyan -
Open Access Article
39 - ارزیابی چرخه حیات تولید میوه زیتون در اندازه های مختلف باغ و سامانه های کشت ارگانیک و رایج
سعید فیروزی امیرحسین بازیارهدف از این تحقیق، بررسی اثرات زیست­محیطی تولید میوه زیتون در اندازه­های مختلف باغ و تحت شرایط کشت ارگانیک و معمول، با استفاده از روش ارزیابی چرخه حیات در شمال ایران بود. داده­های تحقیق با استفاده از پرسشنامه و مصاحبه رو در رو از 305 باغدار زیتون در منطقه مور Moreهدف از این تحقیق، بررسی اثرات زیست­محیطی تولید میوه زیتون در اندازه­های مختلف باغ و تحت شرایط کشت ارگانیک و معمول، با استفاده از روش ارزیابی چرخه حیات در شمال ایران بود. داده­های تحقیق با استفاده از پرسشنامه و مصاحبه رو در رو از 305 باغدار زیتون در منطقه مورد مطالعه گرد­آوری شدند. شش گروه تاثیر شامل تخلیه منابع سوخت­های فسیلی، گرمایش جهانی، اسیدیفیکاسیون، اوتریفیکاسیون خشکی، تخلیه منابع فسفات و پتاس مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یک تن میوه زیتون به عنوان واحد عملکردی در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که باغ­های زیتون بزرگ (بزرگتر از 5 هکتار) در تمامی گروه­های تاثیر، بیشترین اثرات زیست­محیطی را در پی داشتند. در مجموع، اسیدیفیکاسیون، اوتریفیکاسیون خشکی و تخلیه منابع فسفات، به ترتیب با شاخص­های نهایی 58/1، 68/2 و 12/3 ، مهمترین گروه­های تاثیر بودند. نتایج تحقیق همچنین نشان داد باغ­های زیتون ارگانیک از نظر زیست­محیطی نسبت به باغ­های معمول، عملکرد زیست­محیطی بهتری داشتند. جایگزینی بخشی از کودهای شیمیایی مورد استفاده بخصوص در باغ­های بزرگ با انواع کودهای بیولوژیک نظیر کودهای دامی برای تغذیه درختان زیتون پیشنهاد شد. همچنین، لازم است یک راهبرد منطقه­ای جهت حرکت به سوی سامانه کشت تلفیقی مناسب طراحی گردد تا اثرات زیست­محیطی تولید میوه زیتون در باغ­های بزرگ منطقه مورد مطالعه کاهش یابد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - حرکت به سوی پایداری زیستمحیطی برداشت گندم در سیستمهای دیم و آبی
شمساله عبداله پور ارمغان کوثری مقدم محمد بنایاناین مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی پایداری زیستمحیطی برداشت گندم در سیستمهای کشاورزی دیم و آبی در سه منطقه مختلف در ایران، شامل ساری، مشهد و پارسآباد مغان انجام شد. چهار شاخص پایداری انرژی، امرژی، اگزرژی و انتشار گازهای گلخانهای در این پژوهش بررسی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که کار Moreاین مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی پایداری زیستمحیطی برداشت گندم در سیستمهای کشاورزی دیم و آبی در سه منطقه مختلف در ایران، شامل ساری، مشهد و پارسآباد مغان انجام شد. چهار شاخص پایداری انرژی، امرژی، اگزرژی و انتشار گازهای گلخانهای در این پژوهش بررسی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که کارایی انرژی عملیات برداشت در سیستمهای آبی بیشتر از سیستمهای دیم بوده است. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل امرژی نشان داد که شاخص پایداری زیستمحیطی در سیستمهای دیم در مشهد، پارسآباد مغان و ساری به ترتیب 036/0، 035/0 و 034/0 بوده است. نتایج تحلیل اگزرژی نیز نشان داد که کارایی اگزرژی عملیات برداشت در سیستمهای دیم و آبی در ساری و پارسآباد مغان به ترتیب با 07/56 و 72/128 بیشتر از مناطق دیگر بوده است. مجموع انتشار گازهای گلخانهای در عملیات برداشت در ساری، پارسآباد مغان و مشهد در سیستمهای دیم کمتر از سیستمهای آبی تعیین شد (به ترتیب 88/54، 64/47 و 03/36 کیلوگرم کربندیاکسید در هکتار در مقایسه با 52/67، 56/66 و 22/56 کیلوگرم کربندیاکسید در هکتار). به صورت کلی، عملیات برداشت گندم در ساری و پارسآباد مغان به ترتیب در سیستمهای کشت دیم و آبی دارای پایداری زیستمحیطی بالاتری بودند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Investigating the Impacts of Credits Granted by Agricultural Bank of Iran on Economic Conditions of Farmers in Hirmand Region
Nader Barani Mohammad Hossein Menhaj Esmaeil Ramezanpoor Mahmud Ahmadpoor BorazjaniOne of the obstacles that has caused agricultural sector not to reach significant and expected growth is shortage of short, medium and long–term funds to finance various activities of this sector. This study aims at investigating the economic impacts of credits gr MoreOne of the obstacles that has caused agricultural sector not to reach significant and expected growth is shortage of short, medium and long–term funds to finance various activities of this sector. This study aims at investigating the economic impacts of credits granted by Agricultural bank on farmers on Hirmand region. The statistical population of the survey included 4691 farmers of Hirmand region and the sample size were 117 farmers who had received loan from agricultural bank at least once during 2006-2011. The Sample was selected using simple random sampling and questionnaires were distributed among them. The results from t-Test showed that significant level for income manufacturing variants was 0.000 and for investment and livelihood variants were 0.014 and 0.077, respectively. This significantly levels suggest that received loan from bank has increased income and production, the living conditions of borrowers, economic profitability and increased productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Study of Nomads consequences Bakhtiari tribe in the province (Case Study: Shahid Gholipour city of Shoushtar)
tahmasb maghsoudi Kurosh davoodiThis study aims to investigate economic-social effects of Bakhtiari nomads habitation. The current study is the type of descriptive – correlation studies which is practical in terms of objective. Research statistical community are heads of nomad households residen MoreThis study aims to investigate economic-social effects of Bakhtiari nomads habitation. The current study is the type of descriptive – correlation studies which is practical in terms of objective. Research statistical community are heads of nomad households resident in Shahid Gholipour city at Shooshtar pre-province with 350 households which 300 families were settled in the focus of development in the years of 1998-1999 and 50 families of nomadic tribes of mentioned tribe who were settled in the vicinity of development center of Shahid Gholipour and migrated to countryside areas of Masjid Soleiman and Kouhrang in the summer. 108 heads of households as an inhabited member were measured as sample size using Cochran formula and 50 heads of households of the families uninhabited surveyed as census. The main research instrument was questionnaire and its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and research reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient for different parts (0.85). The results showed that cosmopolitan orientation, variable access to welfare services and family size, social participation variables, age and a variable amount of agricultural land in the Gholipour city eight variables affecting the Bakhtiari Nomads. Access to utilities and household size variables show a negative impact on its willingness to settle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Impact of Socio-Economic Factors on Sport Tourism in Host Cities
زهرا نوبخت رمضانیImpact of Socio-Economic Factors on Sport Tourism in Host CitiesAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of socio-economic factors on sport tourism in host cities. This research is a cross-sectional survey based on applied purpose and data collect MoreImpact of Socio-Economic Factors on Sport Tourism in Host CitiesAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of socio-economic factors on sport tourism in host cities. This research is a cross-sectional survey based on applied purpose and data collection method. Also, since the field method is used for data collection, this research is a survey type. The statistical population of the study consisted of sport management and marketing professors, experts from Tehran Province Cultural Heritage and Tourism Bureau, experts from Tehran Bureau of Sport and Youth Affairs, Orumieh, Semnan and business owners and hotel managers, including 151 persons. The purposive non-random sampling method was used as the statistical sample and the questionnaire was distributed among them randomly. The research questionnaire was developed by a researcher whose validity was confirmed by 10 professors and experts using Laosche's coefficient (0.62) and also by exploratory factor analysis. Also, the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by Cronbach's alpha for all factors above 0.7. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics were used to represent demographic information (frequency tables, dispersal and central indices) and inferential statistics were used to respond to the research hypotheses. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine normality of data distribution, KMO test to determine data adequacy, exploratory factor analysis to analyze data and identify key factors, then confirmatory factor analysis method was used to estimate significance, factor loadings and The most important indicators were used. SPSS software version 23 was used to calculate descriptive data and Smart PLS3 software was used for inferential data and confirmatory factor analysis was used to measure the relationships between variables. The results showed that social factors include cultural model, social relationships, safety and security, customs, living standards of local communities, environmental and economic factors including investment, price of goods and lands and various markets, ease of travel and infrastructure development. The most important social factor was the cultural pattern (3.55) and the least important factor was the living standards of the local communities (3.31). The most important economic factors were investment (3.50) and the least important factor was ease of travel (2.47).The result is that awareness of the economic and social impacts is one of the factors that reduce the unwanted disruption to the life of the host community and maximize the positive economic and social impacts on sport tourism and also create a greater incentive for volunteer communities to earn a host score. income have more impact on the host city. Medium and under development and infrastructure factors had less impact than average. In general, sport tourism has both an economic and a societal impact on the host community. The cultural model was the least important one.Keywords: Sport tourism, social impacts, economic impacts, host community Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Investigating the social and economic effects of implementing the national smart card in Ardabil province
sydisa karimpoorkulore samad abediniThe present research was conducted with the aim to Investigating the social and economic effects of implementing the national smart card in Ardabil province. Theoretical framework of this research is based on theories of sociological realm of communications such as info MoreThe present research was conducted with the aim to Investigating the social and economic effects of implementing the national smart card in Ardabil province. Theoretical framework of this research is based on theories of sociological realm of communications such as informational society of Herbert Shiler, information and urban change of Manuel Castels, and informational society of Daniel Bel. This research has been done by survey method using questionnaire and SWOT technique. The statistical universe in the survey part consisted of Ardebil citizens from among whom 386 individuals were selected as sample size, while in SWOT part the statistical universe consisted of the registration of personal status organization (general department in Ardebil and other branches in other cities of the province). Six departments who had started giving smart national cards were randomly selected from among twelve departments of the province and questionnaires were given to them. Fifty senior managers of that organization in Ardebil province attempted to identify the weaknesses, opportunities, threats, and strengths of national smart card plan in the province and the following results were obtained: the strengths consisted of the presence of a central organization dedicated to identity cases in the country, and location of personal information in the form of data base inside the card. Weaknesses consisted of lack of post code on the cards, and low quality of pictures on the cards. In the part of opportunities, the increase in social security resulted from the regulation of personal information, and creating necessary background for electronic government were remarkable. And finally in the part of threats, the possibility of misuse of the cards because of location of some cities of the province in the border regions, and In the second place, by taking another person's card and logging in to their user account, its possible that actions were taken against her, were identified as noteable cases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Life cycle assessment of peanut production in sole cropping and mixed intercropping with bean systems
Saeed Firouzi Amin NikkhahToday, investigation on the environmental impacts of different cultural systems and determining the optimum cultivation patterns are the noteworthy topics in agricultural sector. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess and compare the environmental impacts of pea MoreToday, investigation on the environmental impacts of different cultural systems and determining the optimum cultivation patterns are the noteworthy topics in agricultural sector. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess and compare the environmental impacts of peanut) Arachis hypogaea L.( and peanut with bean )Phaseolus vulgaris L.) intercrop farming systems using the life cycle assessment (LCA) technique. Primary data were obtained through interviews with 136 farmers in Kiashahr region of Guilan province, Iran. Global warming, acidification, terrestrial eutrophication, land use, depletion of fossil resources, depletion of phosphate and potash resources were seven groups involved in this study. The results showed that the NH3 emission had the greatest impact in terms of the acidification and eutrophication in both peanut cultivation systems. The environmental index (EcoX) values of the peanut sole cropping and intercropping with bean were determined as 0.68 and 0.42, respectively. Resource depletion index (RDI) also were calculated as 3.61 and 2.69, for sole and intercropping systems, respectively. Depletion of fossil fuels and terrestrial eutrophication had the greatest environmental impacts in terms of categories and depletion of resources in both cultivation systems. Overall, the environmental impacts of peanut-bean intercropping were less than the peanut sole cropping system in all seven impact categories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - A survey on the ecological sustainability of introducing new crops in the cropping pattern using emergy approach
samin fallahinejad mohammad Armin Mohammad AsgharipourEmergy analysis is an appropriate strategy for assessing the sustainability of agricultural production systems in a region. In this study, the sustainability of production of four widely grown crops, including wheat and barley,sugar beet and saffron were compared using MoreEmergy analysis is an appropriate strategy for assessing the sustainability of agricultural production systems in a region. In this study, the sustainability of production of four widely grown crops, including wheat and barley,sugar beet and saffron were compared using emergy approach in Khoushab County, Khorasan Razavi province, Iran. The total supporting emergy for wheat, barley, sugar beet and saffron was respectively 2.32E+16, 1.91E+16, 4.95E+16, and 2.04E+16 sej ha-1. The greatest portion of renewable environmental resources were obtained in sugar beet production systems (4.1% of total emergy), and non-renewable environmental resources occurred in barley production systems (55.7% of total emergy). Saffron production systems showed the greatest portion of renewable and non-renewable purchased resources (40.80 and 36.48%). Introduction of saffron and sugar beet as new crops in a given region, compared to wheat and barley as preceding crops in the cropping pattern, caused enhancement in renewable emergy ratio, environmental loading ratio, modified environmental sustainability index, and emergy input ratio, while decreased emergy yield ratio, modified environmental loading ratio, environmental sustainability index, and sustainable development emergy index. Saffron and sugar beet production as new introduced crops to the region resulted in the highest modified environmental sustainability index. Although the environmental loading ratio index of saffron cultivation was higher than other production systems, modified environmental loading ratio was lower than the three other production systems. Therefore, saffron can be recommended as a sustainable crop that has put the lowest pressure on environmental resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - The Effects of Environmental Factors on Green Marketing Performance (Case Study: Shirin Asal Company)
reza rostamzadeh asghar alimohammadi siyabanDuring the recent decades, concern about environment has not only become a major public issue, but also a critical one in academic research, and, as a result, the ecological products market has been growing worldwide. Green marketing activities are thus expanding in man MoreDuring the recent decades, concern about environment has not only become a major public issue, but also a critical one in academic research, and, as a result, the ecological products market has been growing worldwide. Green marketing activities are thus expanding in many parts of the world offering products to green who make their purchase decisions, to some extent, based on their personal environmental criteria. These activities have a major impact on expanding consumers’ knowledge and changing their attitude towards purchasing green products. Food industry is one of the magnificent elements of the economic and has a major role in industrial development of a country, furthermore, its wide operations from production to distribution and consumption has the significant role in the economy of the countries .The aim of this dissertation is analyzing the effect of Ecological strategies on the performance of Green marketing in Shirin Asal Food Industry. This research uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques as a tools for accessing the validity and reliability of measure. This model and the result show that ecological strategies affect the financial performance, market performance, and the quality of services to consumers. Manuscript profile
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