Environmental pollutants

Open Access Article

1 - Identifying and Ranking Environmental Destructive Economic Sectors Based on the Amount of Greenhouse Gas Emission by Shannon Entropy -VIKOR Approach (Case study: Iran: 1388-1392)
nahid dorostkar Ali Dehghani

10.22034/jest.2020.30847.3923

Background and Objective:  Today environmental issues and avoid irregular greenhouse gas emission has become one of the most important concerns of each country. This study has been done with the aim of determining the amount of greenhouse gas emission in different More

Background and Objective:  Today environmental issues and avoid irregular greenhouse gas emission has become one of the most important concerns of each country. This study has been done with the aim of determining the amount of greenhouse gas emission in different industries and ranking these industries based on the most destructive greenhouse gas including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, Methane, Nitrous oxide, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur dioxide and Sulfur trioxide. Method: In this study after identifying the most pollutant greenhouse gases based on the literature review and using the average of five recent year's data from the Iranian Statistics Center, the weight of each greenhouse gas were determined based on Shannon entropy and by using VIKOR technique and MATLAB software, the most pollutant sector was determined. Findings: Based on Shannon entropy, Co with the weight of 0.3 has the highest coefficient of importance among pollutant greenhouse gases. Based on VIKOR technique, transportation sector based on utility measure, Vikor measure and regret measure was determined as the most pollutant sector. Discussion and Conclusion:  Based on the result of study, transportation sector has played a major role in greenhouse gas emissions and identified as the most pollutant sector. So, attention to structural and cultural components associated to transportation field has become more important than the past. Using green transportation technologies, investing in public transportation and providing infrastructure for non- motorized vehicles can be introduced as suggestion for reducing pollution in this sector.                                                                                                       Manuscript profile

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2 - The removal of NO2 gas by some natural adsorbents by using the adsorption method
Hossein Dashti Khavidaki Raziyeh Jafari Mousa Soleymani

10.22034/jest.2019.44760.4697

Background and Objective: Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of the most dangerous pollutants in the environment. NO2 certainly causes lung damage at high concentrations. Exposure to its moderate levels (50 ppm) for a short period may produce irritation of the eyes, nose, an More

Background and Objective: Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of the most dangerous pollutants in the environment. NO2 certainly causes lung damage at high concentrations. Exposure to its moderate levels (50 ppm) for a short period may produce irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, and chest pain and contact to its high concentrations (> 100 ppm) can result in pulmonary edema, which can be fatal. Therefore, it is very important for environment the removing of the pollutant from air. The aim of this study has been the removal of NO2 gas by some natural adsorbents by using the adsorption method. Material and Methodology:  In this work, it has been investigated the removal of NO2 gas by adsorption on different natural adsorbents including eggshell, eucalyptus bark, fennel seed, pine leaf, tea waste, and wheat straw. It was also studied the effect of some experimental conditions including adsorbent column length and initial NO2 amount on the adsorption percentage. Findings: The most desirable adsorption percentage obtained with adsorbent column length 50 cm and initial NO2 amount 6.3 mmol. In addition, Fennel seed and eggshell can adsorb 96.8 and 92.1% of NO2 gas in the optimum conditions, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Among the used adsorbents, the most appropriate adsorbents are fennel seed and eggshell for the adsorption process. In addition, it was correlated the equilibrium data with the adsorption isotherms such as the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Harkin-Jura and the results showed that Harkin-Jura isotherm describes the experimental results better than the other isotherms. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Estimation of Environmental Pollutants Shadow Price Resulting from Fossil Fuel Use in Different Economical Sectors Case study: Tehran Province
Mir Hosein Mousavi Narges Barzegar Abbas Memarzade

AbstractIntroduction: The economical sectors, being a main consumer of fossil fuels, play a basic role in theEmission of environmental pollutants. In the process of giving service, these sectors createUndesirable outputs, in addition to desirable ones. The cost of this More

AbstractIntroduction: The economical sectors, being a main consumer of fossil fuels, play a basic role in theEmission of environmental pollutants. In the process of giving service, these sectors createUndesirable outputs, in addition to desirable ones. The cost of this polluting behavior, and also thescarcity of appropriate analytical methods for the purpose of environmental policy making, someefforts have been made. In this paper, to estimate shadow price of environmental pollutants created byfossil fuel consumption in the economical sectors of Tehran province.Material & Methods: The used methodology in this paper is input-output analysis and EPAcoefficients.Results: Results show that economic sectors include transportation sectors to create23548850629RSL social cost , service 88533443280 RLS, agricultural 74716821840 RLS andindustry7269567240 RLS among economic sectors of Tehran have the most shadow prices of environmentalpollutants resulting from fossil fuel respectively.Discussion : Considering the global movement towards sustainable development, it is essential tonotice to the environmental destruction caused by different economical sectors. The results show thatmost of the social costs of air pollutants examined in this study due to the use of gas to the price of796 RLS per liter consumption in the transportation sector, and the lowest induced kerosene to cost196 RLS per liter is consumed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Investigation of Coagulation and Clotting Process of Purge of Environmental Pollutants of Paper Mill’s Wastewater
noshin birjandi Habibollah Yonesi Nader Bahramifar Mojtaba hadavifar

Introduction: Paper mill’s wastewater is the most pollutant industrial wastewaters. Theeffluent causes production sludge, scum formation and loss of aesthetic beauty in theenvironment. They also increase the amount of toxic substances in the water which causesdeat More

Introduction: Paper mill’s wastewater is the most pollutant industrial wastewaters. Theeffluent causes production sludge, scum formation and loss of aesthetic beauty in theenvironment. They also increase the amount of toxic substances in the water which causesdeath to the zooplankton and fish.Material and methods: The present research investigated the effect of coagulant of PACLfor reduction of the pollutants in paper mill wastewater. For reduction of the pollutants thequantity and quality of wastewater investigated.Results: This study showed that this wastewater has chemical oxygen demand (COD) =3523mg/l and turbidity= 872. In this test, parameters of turbidity, COD, total solid (TS), optimumpH and dosage of coagulant determined. According to data obtained from studies optimumpH and dosage of PACL were obtained to be 7, 785 mg/l, respectively.Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed that coagulant of PACL could reduce90% of TS, 88% of COD and 93% of turbidity in paper mill wastewater Manuscript profile

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5 - Biosensors Application in Analysis of Environmental contaminants from Agricultural Industries
Marzieh Hosseini Nezhad Saeed Samadi

Water contamination and environmental pollution is considered as a main concern in global healthissues. Considering the large number of chemical and microbial contaminants released to theenvironment, in particular those from agricultural origin, effective tools of detec More

Water contamination and environmental pollution is considered as a main concern in global healthissues. Considering the large number of chemical and microbial contaminants released to theenvironment, in particular those from agricultural origin, effective tools of detection are required forprevention of challenges involved in health and safety. Biosensors offer rapid and effective detectionoptions to control biological hazards. These are recognized as beneficial devices in providing accurate,sensitive and rapid analytical results in quantitative and qualitative detection of pollutants. This paperis summarizes the advances in development and application of biosensors for environmental analysisand quantification of contaminants initiated from agricultural procedures Manuscript profile

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6 - Energy Consumption and Equivalent Carbon Emissions in the Life Cycle of Conventional Housing External Walls, an Approach to Sustainable Energy Development Case Study: Regions in Sanandaj
Ayoob Moradkhani. Niloufar Nikghadam Mansoureh Tahbaz

Energy sustainability is realized within the framework of sustainable development. Considering the major share of energy consumption of residential buildings in Iran, this study aimed to identify and compare the external walls of Sanandaj housing as the most effective e More

Energy sustainability is realized within the framework of sustainable development. Considering the major share of energy consumption of residential buildings in Iran, this study aimed to identify and compare the external walls of Sanandaj housing as the most effective energy consumption factor in the life cycle of the building, and was sought to assess the embodied Energy and environmental pollutants in the production period as well as the operational cycle. Considering the analytical-descriptive approach, after describing the related principles, Delphi method and analytical hierarchy of Fuzzy AHP were used to identify and zonate the frequency of common external walls in three areas of Sanandaj. Then, the energy consumption of the embodid period was assessed with the existing data and using modeling and simulation of a city block in Design Builder software the energy of the operational cycle was assesed considering the relevant variables. Interpretation of the findings was conducted using SPSS, ANOVA and Duncan's test for comparing the classifications and indicated a significant relationship between the embodied energy levels of production and operational cycle between the walls and its extent in the three regions of Sanandaj city. The very low contribution of primary energy of the embodied period compared to the operational cycle for three metropolitan areas was 2.01, 1.87 and 1.86, respectively, of life cycle of the building. The results of the research in regions of Sanandaj indicated the unfavorable condition of energy consumption in the widespread use of the walls during the life cycle stages of the building. Manuscript profile

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7 - جذب فلزات سنگین (کادمیوم، مس، نیکل، روی و سرب) توسط اجزای مختلف درخت نارون (Ulmus carpinifolia) در شهرستان آباده
مهدی زارع رضا فاطمی طلب ملیحه سادات افضلی زاده

هدف از این تحقیق بررسی غلظت های کادمیوم، مس، نیکل، روی و سرب در اجزای مختلف درخت نارون (Ulmus carpinifolia) در سه رویشگاه (آلوده، نیمه آلوده و شاهد) شهرستان آباده در تیر 1394 بود. مطالعه براساس آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. غلظت عنا More

هدف از این تحقیق بررسی غلظت های کادمیوم، مس، نیکل، روی و سرب در اجزای مختلف درخت نارون (Ulmus carpinifolia) در سه رویشگاه (آلوده، نیمه آلوده و شاهد) شهرستان آباده در تیر 1394 بود. مطالعه براساس آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. غلظت عناصر سنگین توسط دستگاه جذب اتمی با استفاده از روش اسپکتروسکوپی اندازه گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که رویشگاه های آلوده و شاهد به ترتیب دارای بیشترین و کمترین مقدار کادمیوم، مس، نیکل و روی بود که نشان دهنده این است که ترافیک، منبع اصلی این فلزات سنگین است. رویشگاه شاهد دارای مقدار متوسط سرب (15/0 میلیگرم بر لیتر) بود. مقدار جذب عناصر مورد مطالعه بدین صورت بود: سرب<کادمیوم<مس<روی=نیکل. غلظت عناصر سنگین بجز کادمیوم برگ، ریشه و ساقه از حد مجاز کمتر بود. درخت نارون (U. carpinifolia) را میتوان به عنوان یک زیست ردیاب آلودگی فلزات سنگین در شهرستان آباده به کار برد.  Manuscript profile

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8 - درخت سرو نقرهای (Cupressus arizonica Greene) به عنوان زیست ردیاب آلودگی فلزات سنگین در اتمسفر اصفهان
مهدی زارع مریم صنعتگر رضا فاطمی طلب

درخت سرو نقره‌ای  با شاخ و برگ سبز مایل به آبی و پوست قهوه‌ای مایل به قرمز در دنیا به عنوان یک گیاه زینتی کشت می‌شود. یکی از جدیدترین راه‌های شناخت نوع و میزان آلوده کننده‌های محیطی، زیست ردیابی محیطی است. نمونه‌ها از سه سایت (ترافیک سنگین، ترافیک متوسط و شاهد) در More

درخت سرو نقره‌ای  با شاخ و برگ سبز مایل به آبی و پوست قهوه‌ای مایل به قرمز در دنیا به عنوان یک گیاه زینتی کشت می‌شود. یکی از جدیدترین راه‌های شناخت نوع و میزان آلوده کننده‌های محیطی، زیست ردیابی محیطی است. نمونه‌ها از سه سایت (ترافیک سنگین، ترافیک متوسط و شاهد) در اصفهان در ماه‌های شهریور، آذر و اسفند به دست آمد. غلظت‌های روی، نیکل و مس در برگ و ریشه توسط اسپکتروفتومتر جذب اتمی اندازه‌گیری شد. تنوع بین صفات مورد مطالعه بین سایت‌ها و فصول، ناشی از فعالیت‌های مختلف انسانی در محیط بود. غلظت فلزات سنگین در برگ‌ها نسبت به ریشه‌ها در همه مکان‌ها بیشتر بود که نشان‌دهنده سهم معنی‌دار ذخایر جوی بود. نتایج حاصل از ضرایب همبستگی بین صفات نشان داد که سایت‌ها تحت تأثیر منابع مختلف آلودگی قرار گرفتند. وجود ضریب همبستگی مثبت بین عناصر روی و مس، نشان دهنده منابع تولیدکننده همانند است که همان سوخت خودروها و استفاده از ترمز در وسایل نقلیه است. میانگین مقادیر فلزات به صورت زیر بود: نیکل>  مس>  روی. میزان روی در برگ و ریشه در سایت شاهد متوسط بود که نشان‌دهنده این است که ترافیک وسایل نقلیه منبع ناچیزی برای آلودگی روی بود و ممکن است منبع دیگری مثل فعالیت‌های صنعتی دخیل باشد. نتایج نشان داد که درخت سرو نقره‌ای زیست ردیاب مناسبی برای آلودگی جوی اصفهان می‌باشد. Manuscript profile

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