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Open Access Article
1 - Estimating Energy Consumption of Educational Spaces Using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)
مهسا فلاح نیاSize of classroom’s windows has significant effects on both comfort level of users and electricity consumption for lighting. Moreover, windows are the main source of energy loss in classrooms in both cooling and heating Sectors. Considering the large number of education MoreSize of classroom’s windows has significant effects on both comfort level of users and electricity consumption for lighting. Moreover, windows are the main source of energy loss in classrooms in both cooling and heating Sectors. Considering the large number of educational buildings and long life cycle of such buildings, choosing proper window size is crucial for energy saving in sustainable architectural design. Despite the role that windows have in energy consumption, the literatures are surprisingly limited in providing detailed recommendations for architects in determining the appropriate window size in different climates. Therefore, energy based window design has always been complicated for architects due to the number of involved different components and variables. In order to help the architectural designers, in this paper a new methodology is developed using a well-known artificial intelligence technique. In proposed methodology, a predictive model for energy consumption cost in terms of window to wall ratio (WWR) and the window facing was created using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The methodology consisted of a limited sets of direct numerical energy simulations for any specific climatic zone to generate the data required for training the ANN. The DOE-2 is suggested in the proposed methodology for direct numerical energy simulations of the daylighting scenarios required for training the ANN. The DOE-2 is a popular and powerful computational model developed with financial support of U.S. department of energy. The trained ANN-based model provides a fast and convenient way of comparing the different daylighting scenarios in designing stage. Indeed, further calculations for direct energy simulations are not necessary and an architect can readily utilize the trained ANN-based model as a powerful tool for forecasting the total energy consumption cost. In order to show the applicability and performance of the proposed approach, 288 daylighting scenarios for a standard classroom in a warm and dry climate, Shiraz-Iran, were simulated to determine the corresponding electric and gas consumption. A square classroom of side 7.4 m is the standard classroom defined by Iranian Organization for Renovating, Developing and Equipping Schools. The DOE-2 is utilized for simulating the defined standard classroom in the study area for estimating the annual gas and electric consumption of the generated scenarios over a 50 years period. The included daylighting scenarios were randomly split into train and test sets. In this study, around 80 percent of data were used for training, and the rest were used to evaluate the performance of the trained ANN. The best training and learning functions for different number of layers and neurons was determined in a trial-error process. Correlation Coefficient (CC), Mean square error (MSE) and Root mean square error (RMSE) are the statistical indices used for training procedure. The best results were obtained with 2 hidden layers and 6 neurons per layer. The 'Levenverg-Marquardt back propagation (trainlm)' and 'perceptron weight and bias learning function (learnp)' were the best training functions found for this research. The results show that the trained ANN can accurately predict the total energy consumption cost (RMSE=0.0811, MSE=0.0066, and CC=0.9672). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Estimating Energy Consumption of Educational Spaces Using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)
Mahsa FallahniaSize of classroom’s windows has significant effects on both comfort level of users and electricity consumption forlighting. Moreover, windows are the main source of energy loss in classrooms in both cooling and heating sectors.Considering the large number of educa MoreSize of classroom’s windows has significant effects on both comfort level of users and electricity consumption forlighting. Moreover, windows are the main source of energy loss in classrooms in both cooling and heating sectors.Considering the large number of educationalbuildings and long life cycle of such them, choosing proper window size is crucial for energy saving in sustainablearchitectural design. Despite the role that windows have in energy consumption, the literatures are surprisinglylimited in providing detailed recommendations for architects in determining the appropriate window size in differentclimates. Therefore, energy based window design has always been complicated for architects due to the numberof involved different components and variables. In order to help the architectural designers, in this paper a newmethodology is developed using a well-known artificial intelligence technique. In the proposed methodology, apredictive model for energy consumption cost in terms of window to wall ratio (WWR) and the window facing wascreated using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The methodology consisted of a limited sets of direct numericalenergy simulations for any specific climatic zone to generate the data required for training the ANN. The DOE-2issuggested in the proposed methodology for direct numerical energy simulations of the daylighting scenarios requiredfor training the ANN. The DOE-2 is a popular and powerful computational model developed with financial supportof U.S. department of energy. The trained ANN-based model provides a fast and convenient way of comparing thedifferent daylighting scenarios in designing stage. Indeed, further calculations for direct energy simulations are notnecessary and an architect can readily utilize the trained ANN-based model as a powerful tool for forecasting thetotal energy consumption cost. In order to show the applicability and performance of the proposed approach, 288daylighting scenarios for a standard classroom in a warm and dry climate, Shiraz-Iran, were simulated to determinethe corresponding electric and gas consumption. A square classroom of side 7.4 m is the standard classroom definedby Iranian Organization for Renovating, Developing and Equipping Schools. The DOE-2 is utilized for simulating thedefined standard classroom in the study area for estimating the annual gas and electric consumption of the generatedscenarios over a 50 years period. Included daylighting scenarios were randomly split into train and test sets. In thisstudy, around 80 percent of data were used for training, and the rest were used to evaluate the performance of thetrained ANN. The best training and learning functions for different number of layers and neurons was determined ina trial-error process. Correlation Coefficient (CC), Mean square error (MSE) and Root mean square error (RMSE)are the statistical indices used for training procedure. The best results were obtained with 2 hidden layers and 6neurons per layer. The 'Levenverg-Marquardt back propagation (trainlm)' and 'perceptron weight and bias learningfunction (learnp)' were the best training functions found for this research. The results show that the trained ANN canaccurately predict the total energy consumption cost (RMSE=0.0811, MSE=0.0066, and CC=0.9672). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Investigation on the Effect of Various Parameters on Optimum Performance of Engine Management System (EMS) based on DoE Method
Farideh Atabi Mostafa Khezri Hamid IraniOne of the major contributors of air pollution in large cities is the urban car traffic which imposes a huge financial and life expenses to the society. In order to reduce these expenses, car manufacturers keep adopting new innovation to decrease pollutants` level. In r MoreOne of the major contributors of air pollution in large cities is the urban car traffic which imposes a huge financial and life expenses to the society. In order to reduce these expenses, car manufacturers keep adopting new innovation to decrease pollutants` level. In recent years, direct injection engines have been introduced which electronically control fuel flow using Engine Control Unit (ECU). This goal has been achieved to some degree. Adjusting and calibrating the Engine Management System (EMS) becomes more important day by day. The most important task of EMS is to reach the optimum point in pollutant, fuel consumption and vehicle performance. In this study while calibrating EMS efficiently, the cost and time spent is reduced using DoE simulating techniques and the effects of various parameters on its performance are studied. Hence knowing all inputs such as speed, load and desired outputs such as pollutants and engine torque, MBC Model – module from MATLAB software – has been used. Another next module from MATLAB that is named CAGE is implemented to improve the above mentioned model. By using this method, the effects of EMS` calibration can be studied on different parameters and upon needs, change them. The new parameters are entered into ECU and from there new commands are released to actuators. Therefore achievement to optimal engine function like vehicle performance, pollutant and fuel consumption by minimum expenses and time with high accuracy will be performed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Critical Study of Ethical Conflicts from David Ross Point of View Based on Verses and Traditions
Samereh Shahedi Mohammad Reza ZamiriOne of the most important applied ethics and ethics philosophy issues is the "ethical conflict". Because human being would face conflicts between attainment and failure in doing his duties. According to David Ross, the doer of the ethics may meet several and differemt d MoreOne of the most important applied ethics and ethics philosophy issues is the "ethical conflict". Because human being would face conflicts between attainment and failure in doing his duties. According to David Ross, the doer of the ethics may meet several and differemt duties which can play vital role in doing the main duties in special conditions. Duty is a must duty at first glimpse; when there is a duty, the assumption is that the task should be done unless there is a stronger ethical consideration for it. Ross's view point is not proper for solving this problem because of a defection in expressing the duties chain and series and its unlogical order. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Comparison of alkaloids of male and female stems of Ephedra major Host and Ephedra intermedia Schrenket
Maryam Ahmadi Babak Delnavaz Hashemloian Azra Ataei Azimi Pejman MoradiPurpose: Different types of Ephedra have two bases, and these two bases are similar in appearance. These medicinal plants are rich in secondary metabolites such as alkaloids. The aim of the present research was to study the dibasic alkaloids of two species to identify t MorePurpose: Different types of Ephedra have two bases, and these two bases are similar in appearance. These medicinal plants are rich in secondary metabolites such as alkaloids. The aim of the present research was to study the dibasic alkaloids of two species to identify the male and female bases in the early growth period.Materials and Methods: In June 2017, male and female shoots of Ephedra major Host from Bijar Kurdistan and Ephedra intermedia Schrenket were collected from Saveh. Alkaloid extracts were prepared from the shoots of male and female bases and the compounds of the extracts were studied by thin layer chromatography and mass gas chromatography.Findings: Chromatography of the alkaloid thin layer of the shoots of the male and female stems of Ephedra major Host and Ephedra intermedia Schrenket showed that the two stems differ from each other in terms of the type of alkaloid. Mass gas chromatography showed that there are more than 24 and 28 alkaloids in the alkaloid extract of the bases of the female and male Ephedra major Host, respectively, and 19 and 20 alkaloids in the Ephedra intermedia Schrenket, respectively, with more than 0.2 mgg-1dw. The most alkaloids in Ephedra major Host female base were 2-Oxazolidinone and three important medicinal alkaloids ephedrine, amphetamine and serotonin and the most alkaloids in the male base were psedovaphedrine, ephedrine and 2-Oxazolidinone. Most alkaloids were different in two bases. Alkaloids ephedraoxane, tetramethyluric acid, ergotamine, and phendimetrazine were the four important medicinal alkaloids in the base of Ephedra intermedia Schrenket substance. Most of the base alkaloids of male and female Ephedra intermedia Schrenket were different. It was not observed in both bases of Ephedra internesia Schrenket, ephedrine and psedovaphedrine.Conclusion: two species of Ephedra and male and female bases, each of them are different in terms of alkaloids and other effective substances, and by considering a different alkaloid, they can be identified in the early stages of growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The Electrochemical Sensor for Selective Solid Phase Extraction of Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride in a Real Sample
Morteza Omidinejad Mohammad Alimoradi Majid Ramezani Sattar Ebrahimi -
Open Access Article
7 - Behavior of Lightweight Smart Sandwich Panels Subjected to Tensile and Bending Loads- An Experimental Study
sameera Khalili s. Mohammad Khalili Reza Eslami Farsani Puneet Mahajan -
Open Access Article
8 - PROVIDING A MODEL FOR REDUCING DRUG SUPPLY CHAIN COST WITH USING DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS; CASE STUDY: IMAM ALI (AS) CARDIOVASCULAR HOSPITAL OF KERMANSHAH CITY
Mohammad Ehsanifar Parastu Farhaadi Sina Shalibeik -
Open Access Article
9 - RSM in Analysis of Energy Absorption of thin-walled conical groove tubes filled with polyurethane foam
بتول سرکبیری علی جهان محمد جواد رضوانیAbstractEnergy absorbers are used in various – especially in the automotive – industries as a solution to reduce the damages stroke on the passengers, and to enhance automobile safety. Nowadays, thin-walled tubes as one of the most efficient energy absorptio MoreAbstractEnergy absorbers are used in various – especially in the automotive – industries as a solution to reduce the damages stroke on the passengers, and to enhance automobile safety. Nowadays, thin-walled tubes as one of the most efficient energy absorption systems have found increasing applications. In this study, energy absorption parameters is performed to investigate the impacts of designing variables related to thin-walled conical groove tubes using finite element analysis. However, since the output of these studies depends to methods of designing computational experiments, the design of experiments technique (DOE) is used in this study along with the finite element analysis. For this purpose a conical aluminium tube filled with polyurethane foam is simulated that the grooves are designed with a given distance on the inside and outside surfaces under quasi-static load. Objectives of the design include the specific energy absorption e (SEA), and designing variables including conical angle, grooves distance, foam density, groove depth, and tube thickness. response surface methodology (RSM) showed that the tube thickness foam density, groove depth and grooves distance, respectively and linearly relate to the amount of specific energy absorption These results can be helpful in the design of thin-walled tubes with different conical geometries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Investigation of energy absorption in shock absorbers of grooved circular using response surface
شیما شهروی محمد جواد رضوانی علی جهانThe main objective of this research is improving the design and performance of the polyurethane foam-filled thin-walled aluminum grooved circular tubes. The tubes are shaped with the inner and the outer circular grooves at different positions along the axis. In this stu MoreThe main objective of this research is improving the design and performance of the polyurethane foam-filled thin-walled aluminum grooved circular tubes. The tubes are shaped with the inner and the outer circular grooves at different positions along the axis. In this study, the effects of the grooves distance, tube diameter, grooves depth, foam density, and tube thickness are investigated on the Specific Energy Absorption (SEA) of grooved circular tubes. finite-element analysis (FEA) and response surface methodology (RSM) is carried out for crush force efficiency. Finite-element analysis is performed with design of experiments technique (DOE) at the different combinations of the design parameters. The results of RSM indicate that SEA is related to the grooves distance, tube diameter, tube thickness of the groove and groove depth, by a quadratic model. Moreover, the effects of the interaction between the grooves distance - the foam density and the grooves distance - the tube diameter on the SEA was significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - DOE-based enhanced genetic algorithm for unrelated parallel machine scheduling to minimize earliness/tardiness costs
Parsa Kianpour Deepak Gupta Krishna Krishnan Bhaskaran Gopalakrishnan -
Open Access Article
12 - The Effect of Investment Opportunities, Growth and Capital Productivity on Firm Performance of Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange
Heidar Mohammadzadeh SaltehInvestors seek to maximize their wealth. Growth opportunities are the driving force that give motivation and are considered bonus for investors. What in the current situation will lead to success is the optimum use of the available investment opportunities in order to i MoreInvestors seek to maximize their wealth. Growth opportunities are the driving force that give motivation and are considered bonus for investors. What in the current situation will lead to success is the optimum use of the available investment opportunities in order to identify the factors affecting the firm's performance. Timely and rational use of investment opportunities by business units has a significant effect on performance improvement. Firm growth, from the perspective of capital market and management is an important variable and can be effective on firm performance. Therefore, in this research, the effect of investment opportunities and growth on firm performance of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange has been studied. The statistical population includes the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange, out of each a statistical sample of 134 corporates was selected by systematic elimination sampling method. The period under review was a 5-year period (2007-2011) and the hypotheses in this research were tested by using combined data (panel). The results show that investment opportunities do not affect firm performance, and firm growth has a positive and significant effect on return on asset but does not affect market value added. Also, capital productivity has a positive and significant effect on firm performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Nanoporous anodized aluminum thickness optimization through pulse current mode
Iman Mohammadi Abdollah Afshar Shahab Ahmadi -
Open Access Article
14 - Nanophotocatalytic Desulfurization of Hydrophane 10 Base Oil of Tehran Refinery
Reza Fazaeli -
Open Access Article
15 - Nanophotocatalytic Desulfurization of Hydrophane 10 Base Oil of Tehran Refinery
Mojgan Jalali Farahani Reza Fazaeli Ensieh Ghasemi -
Open Access Article
16 - Analyze the Effect of the Maintenance Activities on the Internet Sustainability by Using 2k Factorial Experiment Design
Ali Karevan -
Open Access Article
17 - Some Productive, Reproductive and Physiological Effects of Using Different Dietary Protein Levels in Rabbit Does
A. Yassein D.M. Niveen O.H. Ezzo -
Open Access Article
18 - فراسنجههای ژنتیکی و فنوتیپی برای خصوصیات منی و رابطه آن با حاشیه اسکروتومی در بز نر سیاه بنگال
ام.ام. میا ام.آ.ام.ی. خاندوکر اس.اس. هوساین ام.او. فاروق دی.آر. نوتربز سیاه بنگال از ذخایر ژنتیکی و یکی از پتانسیلهای ژنتیکی بنگلادش است. فراسنجههای ژنتیکی و فنوتیپی برای خصوصیات منی و رابطه آن با محیط بیضه در بز نر سیاه بنگال در این آزمایش برآورد شد. فراسنجههای ژنتیکی توسط روش حداکثر درستنمایی باقیمانده برآورد شدند و مدل حیوانی که Moreبز سیاه بنگال از ذخایر ژنتیکی و یکی از پتانسیلهای ژنتیکی بنگلادش است. فراسنجههای ژنتیکی و فنوتیپی برای خصوصیات منی و رابطه آن با محیط بیضه در بز نر سیاه بنگال در این آزمایش برآورد شد. فراسنجههای ژنتیکی توسط روش حداکثر درستنمایی باقیمانده برآورد شدند و مدل حیوانی که اثرات ژنتیک مادری یا اثرات محیطی دایمی را نادیده میگرفت برازش شد. میانگینهای حداقل مربعات حجم منی (میلیلیتر در هر انزال)، غلظت اسپرم (109 سلول در میلیلیتر)، تحرک توده (درصد)، زندهمانی اسپرم (درصد) و اسپرماتوزوآی طبیعی (درصد) بهترتیب 56/0، 55/2، 7/79 و 5/90 بود. فصل جمعآوری و محیط بیضه بهطور معنیداری بر تمامی خصوصیات مطالعه شده اسپرم موثر بودند. سن بزهای نر بر تمامی خصوصیات مطالعه شده اسپرم بهجز تحرک توده موثر بود. وزنب دن اثر معنیداری بر حجم منی و تحرک توده داشت. برآورد وراثتپذیری برای غلظت اسپرم (38/0) متوسط و برای حجم منی، تحرک توده، زندهمانی اسپرم و اسپرماتوزوآی طبیعی (05/0 تا 18/0) کم بود. همبستگی فنوتیپی در دامنه اندکی منفی (001/0-) تا مثبت (42/0) و همبستگی ژنتیکی در دامنه متوسط منفی (37/0-) تا خیلی مثبت (99/0) بود. غلظت اسپرم تنها صفت بز سیاه بنگال است که ممکن است طی انتخاب، پیشرفت ژنتیکی منطقی داشته باشد. انتخاب برای افزایش محیط بیضه باید پاسخ مرتبط مطلوبی با خصوصیات منی داشته باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - A Taguchi approach on optimal process control parameters for HDPE pipe extrusion process
G. V. S. S . Sharma R. Umamaheswara Rao P. Srinivasa Rao -
Open Access Article
20 - Noticing through Input Enhancement:Does it Affect Learning of the Conditionals?
Mojgan Rashtchi -
Open Access Article
21 - The effect of Al2O3 Micro Powder added in Dielectric on Electro Discharge Machining Performance of Ti6Al4V
Mojtaba Esmailian
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