Nanoporous anodized aluminum thickness optimization through pulse current mode

Subject Areas : Corrosion and protection of materials

Iman Mohammadi ¹ , Abdollah Afshar ² , Shahab Ahmadi ³

1 - Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155–9466, Azadi Ave, Tehran, Iran
2 - Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155–9466, Azadi Ave, Tehran, Iran
3 - Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9466, Azadi Ave., Tehran, Iran

Received: 2015-08-25 Accepted : 2015-09-18 Published : 2015-12-01

Keywords:

References:

[1] Santos, L. Vojkuvka, J. Pallarés, J. Ferré-Borrull, L.F. Marsal, “In situ electrochemical dissolution of the oxide barrier layer of porous anodic alumina fabricated by hard anodization”, Electoral. Chem., vol. 632, no. 1-2, 2009, pp. 139-142.

[2]  H.S. kim, D.H. Kim, W. Lee, S.H. Cho, J.H. Hahn, H.S. Ahn, “Tribological properties of nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide film”, Surf. Coat. Technol, vol. 205, no. 5, 2010, pp. 1431-1437.

[3] M. Salerno, N. Patra, R. Losso, R. Cingolani, “Increased growth rate of anodic porous alumina by use of ionic liquid as electrolyte additive”, Mater. Let. , vol. 63, 2009, pp. 1826-1829.

[4] W.X. Wei, D. L. Hong, “Preparation of PTFE composite anodic film on aluminium alloy 6061 using electrophoretic process”, Tribol. Mater. Surf. Interface., vol. 4, 2010, pp. 74−77.

[5] M. A. Song-Jiang, L. Peng, Z. Hai-Hui, F. Chao-Peng, K.Ya-Fei, “Preparation of anodic films on 2024 aluminum alloy in boric acid-containing mixed electrolyte”, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, vol. 18, 2008, pp. 825-830.

[6] X. F. Zhu, D. D. Li, Y. Song, and Y. H. Xiao, “The study of oxygen bubbles of anodic alumina based on high purity aluminum”, Mater. Let, vol. 59, 2005, pp. 3160– 3163.

[7] H. Habazaki, H. Konno, K. Shimizu, S. Nagata, P. Skeldon and  G. E. Thompson, “Incorporation of transition metal ions and oxygen generation during anodizing of aluminium alloys”, Corros. Sci, vol. 46, 2004, pp. 2041-2053.

[8] W. Lee, K. Schwirn, M. Steinhart, E. Pippel, R. Scholz and U. Gösele, “Structural engineering of nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide by pulse anodization of aluminium”, Nat. nanotechnol., vol. 3, 2008, pp. 234-239.

[9] M. Mirzaei and M.E. Bahrololoom, “Influence of pulse currents on the nanostructure and color absorption ability of colored anodized aluminum”, Vacuum, vol.99, 2014, pp. 277-283.

[10]  X. Zhao, G. Wei, X. Meng, A. Zhang, “High performance alumina films prepared by direct current plus pulse anodisation”, Surf. Eng., vol. 30, 2014, pp. 455-459.

[11]  C. K. Chung, R. X. Zhou, T. Y. Liu, W. T. Chang, “Hybrid pulse anodization for the fabrication of porous anodic alumina films from commercial purity (99%) aluminum at room temperature”, Nanotechnol., vol. 20, 2009, pp. 055301-55305.

[12]  C.K. Chung, W.T. Chang, M.W. Liao, H.C. Chang, “Effect of pulse voltage and aluminum purity on the characteristics of anodic aluminum oxide using hybrid pulse anodization at room”, Thin. Solid. Film. , vol. 519, 2011, pp. 4754-4758.

[13]  I. Mohammadi, A. Afshar, “Modification of nanostructured anodized aluminum coatings by pulse current mode”, Surf. Coat. Technol., vol. 278, 2015, pp. 48-55.

[14]   H. H. Shih and S. L. Tzou, Study of anodic oxidation of aluminum in mixed acid using a pulsed current”, Surf. Coat. Technol., vol. 124, 2000, pp. 278–285.

[15]   W. Wu, J. S. Yuan, S. H. Kang, A.S. Oates, Electromigration subjected to Joule heating under pulsed DC stress, Solid-state. Electron., vol. 45, 2001, pp. 2051–2056.

[16]  L. E. Fratila-Apachitei, J. Duszczyk, L. Katgerman, A1−Si−(Cu) anodic oxide layers formed in H2SO4 at low temperature using different current waveforms”, Surf. Coat. Technol., vol. 165, 2003, pp. 232−240.

[17]   W. Bensalah, M. Feki, M. Wery and H.F. Ayedi, “Thick and Dense Anodic Oxide Layers Formed on Aluminum in Sulphuric Acid Bath”, Mater. Sci. Technol., vol. 26, no. 2, 2010, pp.113-118.

[18]   W. Bensalaha, K. Elleuch, M. Feki, M. Depetris-Wery and H.F. Ayedi, “Optimization of tartaric/sulphuric acid anodizing process using Doehlert design”, Surf. Coat. Technol., vol. 207, 2012, pp.  123–129.

[19]   I. Imanieh, E. Yousefi, A. Dolati and M.R. Mohammadi, “Experiments Design for Hardness Optimization of the Ni-Cr Alloy Electrodeposited by Pulse Plating”, Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Let.), vol. 26, no. 5, 2013, pp. 558–564.

[20]   R.G. Brereton, “Applied Chemometrics for Scientists”, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, UK, 2007.

[21]   E.R. Rene, M.S. Jo, S.H. Kim and H.S. Park, “Statistical analysis of main and interaction effects during the removal of BTEX mixtures in batch conditions, using wastewater treatment plant sludge microbes”, Environ. Sci. Tech, 4 (2007) 177-182.

[22]   J. Antony, “Design of Experiment for Engineers and scientists”, Elsevier Science & Technology Books, New York, 2003.

[23]   K. Yokohama, H. Konno, H. Takahashi and M. Nagayama, “Advantage of pulsed Anodizing”, Plat. Surf. Finish. Vol. 69, 1982, pp. 62-65.

[24]   W. X. Wei and C. C. Yin, “Influence of oxidation heat on hard anodic film of aluminum alloy”, J. Trans. Nonfer. Met. Soc. China, vol. 22, no. 11, 2012, pp. 2707−2712.

[25]   T. Aerts, J-B. Jorcin, I. D. Graeve and H. Terryn, “Comparison between the influence of applied electrode and electrolyte temperatures on porous anodizing of aluminium”, Electrochem. Acta., vol. 55, 2010, pp. 3957-3965.

[26]   P. Chowdhury, A.N.  Thomas, M. Sharma, H.C. Barshilia, “An approach for in situ measurement of anode temperature during the growth of self-ordered nanoporous anodic alumina thin films: Influence of Joule heating on pore microstructure”, Electrochim. Acta, vol. 115, 2014, pp. 657-664.

[27]   M. García-Rubioa, P. Ocón, A. Climent-Font, R. W. Smith, M. Curioni, G. E.  Thompson, P. Skeldon, A. Lavía and I. García, “Influence of molybdate species on the tartaric acid/sulphuric acid anodic films grown on AA2024 T3 aerospace alloy, Corros. Sci., vol. 51, no. 9, 2009, pp. 2034-2042.