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Open Access Article
1 - Analyzing Effects of Environment Quality Improvement on Life Expectancy in Iran (Based on Economic Approach)
azad khanzadi sajede jaliliyan sara moradi maryam heidariyanBackground and Objective: In addition to environmental pollution negative effects on development process of countries, it can affect other aspects of quantity and quality of human life and on life expectancy as an important component of Human Development Index. Accordin MoreBackground and Objective: In addition to environmental pollution negative effects on development process of countries, it can affect other aspects of quantity and quality of human life and on life expectancy as an important component of Human Development Index. According to undeniable importance of life expectancy and its role in sustainable development, public health promotion and optimal allocation of individual and national resources, the purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that affecting health quality; hence we assume that health quality promote through economic, social and environmental factors such as environmental pollution. Method: In order to investigate the effects of environmental quality improvement on life expectancy in Iran, we use statistical information of 30 provinces during the period 2003-2014 by using Generalized Method of Moments; and health production function estimated for this purpose. It should be noted that the carbon dioxide emissions has been used in provinces as an indicator of environment quality. Findings: The results indicates that environmental pollution have a significant and negative impact on life expectancy, In other words, increasing CO2 emissions reduced life expectancy in Iran provinces. The relationship between GDP per capita, industrialization index and literacy rate with life expectancy are significant and positive. But health's per capita expenditures, urbanization rate and lag pollution have a negative impact on life expectancy. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the obtained results of this study, increased pollution associated with increased mortality and reduced life expectancy. Since non-negligible negative consequences of pollution on life expectancy in the form of health index or human development is concerned, therefore in terms of the pollution component and its effect on measuring life expectancy in one hand could raise development leveland in other hand it is associated with people health and environment; so environmental protection in a society’s planning system can achieve sustainable development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The Impact of Corruption on Carbon Dioxide Emission: A Direct and Indirect Impact Approach in Group D8 Countries
leila Hemati mostafa emadzadeh saeed karimzadeBackground and Objective: The issue of environmental crises has become very important in scientific circles in recent years, because overa the years many factors, including financial and administrative corruption, have caused environmental damage. Therefore, in this stu MoreBackground and Objective: The issue of environmental crises has become very important in scientific circles in recent years, because overa the years many factors, including financial and administrative corruption, have caused environmental damage. Therefore, in this study, it is attempted to examine the direct and indirect effects of financial and administrative corruption index (International Risk Corruption Index) on environmental quality index (CO2) during the period 2018 -1984, for Group D8 countries.Material and Methodology: To investigate the purpose of this study used of fully modified least squares (FMOLS) approaches, Integrated Group Mean (PMG), Group Mean (MG). The highlight of this study is to distinguish the effects of corruption on pollution directly, indirectly and generally.Finding: So that the estimation of direct, indirect and total effects in both FMOLS and PMG estimation models has been incremental. These results indicate that in the model of direct effects, the relationship between the two variables of corruption and CO2 emission has a U-shaped relationship. In the model of indirect effects, economic growth initially increases with increasing corruption, but as it reaches its maximum point and excessive corruption increases in a country, the rate of economic growth also decreases significantly and an inverse U relationship is formed.Discussion and Conclusion: That is, it is initially reduced by increasing corruption, CO2 emissions, and pollution, because the early stages of corruption are usually associated with improved economic, social, and environmental variables, but in the long run with increasing levels of corruption and corruption throughout. Organizational and institutional layers, pollution will also increase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Examining the Effect of Banks Facilities on Reducing CO2 Emissions Among Middle Eastern and North African Countries, the MENA Region
Vida Varahrami zahra abedi faezeh sadeghianBackground and Objective: Since economic activities, especially energy-intensive activities are one of the most important environmental pollutants in developing countries and the MENA region. Therefore, considering the importance of the subject, this study seeks to exam MoreBackground and Objective: Since economic activities, especially energy-intensive activities are one of the most important environmental pollutants in developing countries and the MENA region. Therefore, considering the importance of the subject, this study seeks to examine the effect of banks facility facilities on reducing CO2 emissions in Middle East and North Africa, known as the Mena region for the period 2016-2000. Method: This paper used Panel data. The results of the static panel model estimation that carbon dioxide emissions as an indicator of environmental pollution as a dependent variable are considered, shows that the coefficients of all variables are significant at high levels in the long run, their symptoms are expected and in accordance with the theoretical foundations of the subject. Findings: The results of estimating the panel model show that the coefficients of all variables are significant at a high level in the long run, their symptoms are expected and in accordance with the theoretical foundations of the subject. Estimated relationships, positive effect of variables; Consumption of energy and emissions, trade with carbon dioxide emissions as an indicator of environmental pollution, in other words, increase in energy consumption and emissions, trade with increasing emissions of carbon dioxide as an indicator Environmental pollution is associated. Results of a negative relationship between variables; Financial development shows payment facilities in the industrial sector and in the agricultural sector with emissions of carbon dioxide and carbon as an indicator of environmental pollution. Discussion and Conclusion: In particular, the increase in the development of financial markets, the payment facilities in the industrial sector and in the agricultural sector leads to a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions as an indicator of environmental pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Evaluating the effects of energy and economic growth on Carbon dioxide emission (using spatial panel data)
hedayat hossinzadeh mehdi moradiBackground and Objective: Energy is one of the most important inputs in production. Energy usage and energy diffusion of fossil fuels in process of production cause greenhouse gases (CO2) emission and destruction of environment. According to the importance of issues lik MoreBackground and Objective: Energy is one of the most important inputs in production. Energy usage and energy diffusion of fossil fuels in process of production cause greenhouse gases (CO2) emission and destruction of environment. According to the importance of issues like energy usage and economic growth, this paper, concerning the effects of proximity, evaluates the effects of energy usage and economic growth on emission of Carbon dioxide (CO2) in MENA Zone countries during the period of 1994-2013. In every country, greenhouse gases (CO2) emission is the function of not only domestic factors but also economic activities of neighboring countries. Material and Methodology: In order to investigate the impact of energy consumption, economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in the Middle East and North Africa, LM test was used to examine the spatial dependence between variables and then the research model was estimated using the spatial panel data approach.Findings: The results of the model estimation indicate that proximity effect is verified in the model studying on. Also, the results show that log variable of energy usage has positive and significant effect on CO2 emission. Log variable of income per capita affects CO2 emission positively and significantly, and square log variable of per capita income has negative and significant effect on dependent variable.Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the research results, the environmental hypothesis of Kuznets is accepted for the studied countries. Therefore, reducing energy consumption can be suggested as a way to reduce pollution. Taking into account the effect of technology, two strategies can be proposed: firstly, the improvement of the technology of using fossil energies to increase energy efficiency and reduce pollution, and secondly, the use of renewable energy carriers and clean fuels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Response of Carbon Dioxide Emissions to Output Shocks in Large Asian Emitters
Somayeh Azami Fatemeh AbasiBackground and Objective: According to Kaya's identity, there is a relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emission and output. The aim of this study is to investigate the non-linear or asymmetric effect of output on CO2 emissions. Material and Methodology: The PNARD MoreBackground and Objective: According to Kaya's identity, there is a relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emission and output. The aim of this study is to investigate the non-linear or asymmetric effect of output on CO2 emissions. Material and Methodology: The PNARDL model is used to investigate the response of carbon dioxide emissions to output shocks in major Asian polluters; India, Japan, Iran, Saudi Arabia and South Korea in the time interval of 1960-2020. Findings: Examining the time path shows that CO2 emissions and GDP of countries are co-movement. The tests show the long-run relationship between these two variables. The non-linear causality test indicates the existence of a one-way causal relationship from positive and negative output shocks to CO2 emissions. In the long-run, CO2 emissions increase as output increases and decrease as output decreases. Short-run dynamics show that positive output shocks of the current and past period significantly lead to an increase in CO2 emissions. Negative output shocks of the current and past periods significantly increase and decrease CO2 emissions, respectively. The estimation of the adjustment speed coefficient indicates that the adjustment towards the long-run equilibrium is slow. Discussion and Conclusion: Investigating the relationship between output and CO2 emissions plays an important role in environmental policies. The speed of adjustment (from short-run to long-run) is slow and the short-run impact of negative output shocks of the current period on emissions should be taken into consideration by the environmental policy makers of the studied countries. In the conditions of output reduction, strict environmental policies should not be stopped immediately. Considering the positive and significant effect of positive production shocks on emissions in the short-run and in the long-run, it is recommended to increase energy efficiency and increase the share of renewable energy in the total energy consumption of countries (substitution of renewable energy instead of fossil energy). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Study of factors affecting carbon dioxide emission in the country (With refined Laspeyres decomposition analytic method)
Hadieh Alishiri Shahrzad Mohamadkhanli Azam MohammadbagheriBackground and Objective: Current efforts to stabilize and reduce greenhouse gas emission, particularly carbon dioxide to achieve sustainable development is not at an acceptable level and more effort is needed, thus, identifying factors affecting CO2 emission is essenti MoreBackground and Objective: Current efforts to stabilize and reduce greenhouse gas emission, particularly carbon dioxide to achieve sustainable development is not at an acceptable level and more effort is needed, thus, identifying factors affecting CO2 emission is essential for the assessment of policies and strategies. Scale of economic activity, change in composition of the economy, carbon intensity and energy intensity can be considered as the most important factors in all sectors, but with the differences in the impact of these factors in each of the sectors of the economy, Iran's economy is divided into four sectors as Home and business, Industry, transport and agriculture and in the period 1380-1391 was studied. Method: A study technique is "refined Laspeyres decomposition method". Findings: The results indicate that in all sectors change in composition of the economy has caused the greatest impact on CO2 emission. Discussion and Conclusion: the obtain result shown, Positive effect of scale of economic activity also shows that with the current method of industrialization of country and due to fossil fuel consumption, CO2 emission increase is inevitable. Also, during the study period due to the efforts of the authorities to increase energy efficiency and improve fuel quality impact of carbon intensity effect in all sectors except transportation is negative. However, Growth in energy consumption in the transport sector would enervate the positive effects of these policies. During the study period, the implementation of policy Gas rationing and subsidies are the most important causes of the erratic energy intensity effect in all sectors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The Effect of Urbanization on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the OIC Member States (Application of STIRPAT Model)
Hossein Panahi Behzad Salmani Seyed Ali AleemranBackground and Objective: Although urbanization is often discussed in the context of economic modernization, however, it is a demographic indicator that increases urban density and transforms the organization of human behavior and thereby influences household energy use MoreBackground and Objective: Although urbanization is often discussed in the context of economic modernization, however, it is a demographic indicator that increases urban density and transforms the organization of human behavior and thereby influences household energy use patterns. Accordingly, using panel data approach and STIRPAT mode, this study examines the effect of urbanization on carbon dioxide emission in the Organization of Islamic Cooperation member states. Methods: This research is doing a causal-analysis by using panel data over the period of 2000 to 2010 for the 4-3 selected Organization of Islamic Cooperation countries. Findings: Our results indicate that, coefficient of all variable of the model has been expected based on theoretical and are statistically significant. So that, one percent increase in urbanization, Gross Domestic Product per capita and energy intensity, rises carbon dioxide emissions by 0.57, 0.74 and 0.55 percent respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Given the positive impact of urbanization, Gross Domestic Product per capita and energy intensity variables on carbon dioxide emissions, it is recommended that the Organization of Islamic Cooperation members, reduce air pollution and carbon dioxide emissions through optimizing energy consumption and increasing the usage of new energy source, that generate less pollution and efficient energy consumption in the production and promotion of production energy and technology distribution in countries, realization the price of energy, promotion the technical and environmental standards of industrial production, increasing energy efficiency and expanding environment cultural and providing appropriate substrates and rural development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Effect of population growth, human capital and petroleum products on environmental pollution in Iran
Ali salmanpourAbstract Background and Objective: Survey environmental pollution is an important issue of environmental economics. Environmental pollution is the most important problem facing humanity in the present age. With increasing population, the rate of changes in the environme MoreAbstract Background and Objective: Survey environmental pollution is an important issue of environmental economics. Environmental pollution is the most important problem facing humanity in the present age. With increasing population, the rate of changes in the environment intensifies especially if the population does not have knowledge of how to protect the environment, this problem increases. The role of human resources in the production process and therefore the quality of the environment from the perspective of economic theory, have been significant changes over time. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of petroleum products, human capital and the population on environmental pollution in the Iranian economy during the 1357 to 1393. Method: In this study, Environmental pollution model is estimated by using an Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL), this model, CO2 emissions are considered as indicators of environmental pollution. Findings: The findings of the long-term model show Banerjee, Dorado and Master t-test, for models was -3.35 and long-term relationship between variables was confirmed. Including error correction model coefficients showed that 41.53 percent of imbalance is a period of adjustment in the next period. The model tries to adjust its medium speed. Discussion and Conclusion: The results show a positive relationship between oil consumption, population and national income on environmental pollution. The results showed a negative relationship between human capital and environmental pollution as well. Therefore, it is suggested by reducing the consumption of petroleum products subsidies and to encourage consumers to use clean energy reduce the amount of environmental pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Investigation the Effects of Structural Changes and Economic Growth on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Iran: Application of the ARDL Model
Mohammad Ali Asaadi Shahla Salimi Hamed GhaderzadehBackground and Objective: Different factors can cause increasing air contamination such as CO2. Understanding factors affecting atmosphere gaseous change is important for management and reducing air contaminants. Therefore the current study attempted to investigate the MoreBackground and Objective: Different factors can cause increasing air contamination such as CO2. Understanding factors affecting atmosphere gaseous change is important for management and reducing air contaminants. Therefore the current study attempted to investigate the effect of growth amount of value added in different economic sector, economic growth, energy consumption, urbanization growth, opening trade grade and financial development on diffusion of carbon dioxide. Material and Methodology: The environmental pollution estimated using the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and error correction method (ECM) for Iran in the during 1985-2017. In addition, the long run relationship between model variables, short run dynamics of the model and the speed of adjustment of short run imbalances to long run estimated. Findings: The findings of the long-term model showed that the growth of urbanization with a value of 0.527% had the most positive effect and the degree of trade openness with a value of 0.125% had the least negative effect on carbon dioxide emissions. Discussion and conclusion: The results of this study show the negative effect of economic growth on the amount of carbon dioxide emissions in the long term, that in each period, about 14% of the imbalances of the instability of the amount of carbon dioxide emissions are resolved, and about seven The period is necessary for the short-term balance error to be adjusted and the model to return to the long-term balance, and also the presence of a positive relationship between the growth of the country's economic sub-sectors and the emission of carbon dioxide in the short-term and long-term will increase this pollutant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Earth-Sheltered Building, an Idea Compatible with Environment
Fatemeh Akrami AbarghuieChemical pollution caused by the production of building materials, carbon dioxide emissions and particulate matter released into the air, including the major environmental pollution affecting the construction industry. Also a lot of fuel and natural resources consumes t MoreChemical pollution caused by the production of building materials, carbon dioxide emissions and particulate matter released into the air, including the major environmental pollution affecting the construction industry. Also a lot of fuel and natural resources consumes to provide heating and cooling of buildings, financing future of generations and the environment at risk. Moreover, the removal part of virgin land in certain areas and replace it with a special mass, disrupts the ecosystem of the region. Therefore, it is essential to design strategies in new buildings, with the aim of environmental harmony. So to achieve this aim, the design of the building with the idea of compatibility with the environment has long been considered among different communities. Earth-Sheltered Building such examples that follows energy idea for reducing building energy consumption. This study discusses how to organize the building and its environmental impacts associated with the environment is concerned. Depending on the capabilities this type of architecture to reduce the consumption of fuel and energy, as well as environmental compatibility, it can propose for contemporary architectural and urban purposes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The Effect of Manufacturing Products and Foreign Direct Investment on Co2 Emission in D8 Countries
Mohammad mehdi Barghi oskoee Firooz fallahi Sona zhendeh khatibiIn this research, we will study the effects of different variables such as energy consumption, manufacturing products, foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic development on the emission of Co2 in D8 countries during 1990-2007 as an econometric model estimated by u MoreIn this research, we will study the effects of different variables such as energy consumption, manufacturing products, foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic development on the emission of Co2 in D8 countries during 1990-2007 as an econometric model estimated by using Panel Data and GMM. The results represent that, in Fixed Effect method, all variables under the examination except FDI have a positive and significant effect on Co2 emission. In GMM, all variables estimated are positive and significant too. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Multi-objective Placement of Capacitor Banks in Distribution System using Bee Colony Optimization Algorithm
Abbas Baghipour Saeed Fallahian -
Open Access Article
13 - A Comparative Study of Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Canola Production
Mehdi Khojastehpour Amin Nikkhah Davood HashemabadiIn this research, the energy flow and production energy indices of canola cultivation in Trakya province of Turkey, Golestan and Mazandaran provinces of Iran were compared. Diesel fuel and chemical fertilizer inputs were the highest consumer of energy in the production MoreIn this research, the energy flow and production energy indices of canola cultivation in Trakya province of Turkey, Golestan and Mazandaran provinces of Iran were compared. Diesel fuel and chemical fertilizer inputs were the highest consumer of energy in the production of canola in these three regions. The results indicated that despite the higher energy use of machinery in Trakya province of Turkey, the energy use of diesel fuel in this province is less than the energy consumed in the two northern provinces of Iran, which could be due to available old machines for the production of canola in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces. Total greenhouse gas emissions of canola production for these regions were computed 562.85, 652.86 and 887.30 kgCO 2 eq ha, respectively. The inputs of chemical fertilizer and diesel fuel in canola productionproduced the highest percentage of gas emissions in these three areas. Energy consumption for potential feedstock production for one kg production of biodiesel fuel in these provinces was calculated as 14.76, 20.66 and 37.77 MJ, respectively. The amounts of greenhouse gas emissions for potential feedstock production for one kg production of biodiesel were obtained 0.45, 0.76 and 1.17 kgCO 2 eq for Trakya, Golestan and Mazandaran provinces, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Analysis The Role of Financial Development in Iran's Carbon Emissions Reduction; Application of Space Durbin Model
elham ataei kachooei kaveh azinfar Iman dadashi Maryam shafiee kakhakiIssues related to environment are one of the most important issues the communities are facing with in the recent decades. On the other hand, the resource scarcity and the necessity of development for Iran and other similar countries makes the issue of carbon dioxide as MoreIssues related to environment are one of the most important issues the communities are facing with in the recent decades. On the other hand, the resource scarcity and the necessity of development for Iran and other similar countries makes the issue of carbon dioxide as a solution of the environmental crisis important. In this study, the effects of the variable carbon dioxide, Investment, Financial rate, Density of insurance, and Depth of insurance use are examined on the carbon dioxide emission with the method of panel data. In this study, we modeled the carbon dioxide flow over the period from 2005 to 2014 for the Financial depth and Financial growth using a dynamic spatial regression model. versus fixed effect specification, a spatial Hausman test was fixed effect. Also, we modified Wald test was not fixed effect regression and Durbin-Watson test was the Residual autocorrelation detection The SAR results support the hypothesis of the impact of spatial effects. Depth of insurance in provinces has led to an increasing relationship with CO2 emission in each province, investment had no significant relationship with CO2 emission in each province as well as insurance density and financial relationship of decline with CO2 emission in each province. Manuscript profile
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