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Open Access Article
1 - Effect of Electrical Conductivity and Sodium Adsorption Ratio of Irrigation Water on some Physiological Indices and Yields of Two Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Varieties
Farzad JaliliTo study the effect of electrical conductivity (EC) andsodium adsorption ratio (SAR) on the yield and physiological indices of two varieties of rapeseed, an experiment was carried in pot condition. Treatments were EC with 3 levels (0.35, 6 and 12 dSm-1), SAR with 4 leve MoreTo study the effect of electrical conductivity (EC) andsodium adsorption ratio (SAR) on the yield and physiological indices of two varieties of rapeseed, an experiment was carried in pot condition. Treatments were EC with 3 levels (0.35, 6 and 12 dSm-1), SAR with 4 levels (0, 6, 12 and 18 from NaCl and CaCl2) and varieties with two levels (Talayeh and Okapy). Traits measured were RWC, concentration of Na, K and Ca, leaf water potential, biomass and seed yields. The result of the analysis of variance showed that the interaction effect of variety by EC on Na concentration, biomass and seed yield were significant. With increasing EC levels, seed yield decreased, but yield reduction in Okapi variety was less than that of Talayeh variety. Seed weight per plant in Talayeh was 2.99 g. and that of Okapi was 3.13 g. In both of varieties, with increasing of EC, concentration of Na increased, but its concentration in Okapy was more than Talayeh. The interaction effect of EC by SAR showed that with increasing treatment levels, leaf water potential, biomass and seed yield decreased, while carbohydrates increased. With increasing SAR from EC1SAR1 to EC1SAR4, yield decreased by 7%, while it was 13.7% from EC2SAR1 to EC2SAR4 and 25% from EC3SAR1 to EC3SAR4. Although EC and SAR causes negative effects on rapeseed growth indices, but their negative on Talayeh variety was less than that of Okapy. Increasing calcium proportion against salinity reduced the effects salinity in all traits. Since, high saline water has higher calcium ion, it would have poper quality for to use it in agriculture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Effect of NaCl Concentrations on some Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Three Salicornia Species under Hydroponic Condition
behrooz tayebi Ahmad GhanbariTo compare morphological and physiological responses of three salicornia species to NaCl concentrations, a greenhouse experiment was carried out. The factors consisted of five levels of NaCl concentrations (5, 100, 200, 400 and 600 mML-1) and three Salicornia species (S MoreTo compare morphological and physiological responses of three salicornia species to NaCl concentrations, a greenhouse experiment was carried out. The factors consisted of five levels of NaCl concentrations (5, 100, 200, 400 and 600 mML-1) and three Salicornia species (Salicornia persica ، Salicornia perspolitana and Salicornia bigelovii ). The results showed that, simple effects of salinity and species on proline, glycinebethein, carbohydrates, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, relative water content, osmotic potential in shoots, dry and fresh weights were significant. Interaction effects between salinity and species on proline, glycine betaine, carbohydrates, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, osmotic potential in shoots, dry and fresh weight were also significant. Carbohydrates concentration increased by 70-80% at 400 mM and then decreased from 5% to 13% at 600 mM concentration. Increasing salt concentration up to 600 mM, increased proline and glycine betaine contents. Osmotic potential was also increased by 3 to 4 times with increasing salinity levels. The chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents decreased at 600 mM. At 200 mM NaCl concentration, wet and dry weights were significantly increased 2 to 3 times as compared control in all of three species while at 600 mM, it was decreased by 60% to 65%. It can be concluded that with increasing salt concentration all three species tolerated higher salt concentrations throught proline and glycine-betaine accumulation and reduction of osmotic potential. S.bigelovii had the highest Na+ accumulation at 600 mM of NaCl and least accumulation of K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+. On the other hand, S.perspolitana at 600 mM NaCl concentration, had the highest accumulation of potassium, calcium and magnesium, and was superior to other species in terms of dry weight yield under salinity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Effect of Nano-TiO2 and Salicylic Acid Foliar Application on some Biochemical Traits of Corn 704 Single Cross under Water Regimes
Faezeh Shargi Ebrahim Khalilvand BehrouzyarIn order to investigate the effects of water deficit stress and nano-TiO2 and salicylic acid foliar application on some biochemical traits of corn704 single crossplant, an experiment was conducted in split plot factorial based on RCBD in three replications at the Resear MoreIn order to investigate the effects of water deficit stress and nano-TiO2 and salicylic acid foliar application on some biochemical traits of corn704 single crossplant, an experiment was conducted in split plot factorial based on RCBD in three replications at the Research Station of the Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, during growing seasons of 2017-2018. Treatments were water deficit stress in three levels contained: 50, 75 and 100% filed capacity (FC) as well as thefactorial combination of nano-TiO2 (n-TiO2) foliar application in three levels contains: non application (control), 0.01 and 0.03 and salicylic acid (SA) foliar application in two levels contain: non application and 0.5%. Result showed that 0.5% SA foliar application under 50% water deficit stress had the highest peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and lowest malondialdehyde activity. Furthmore, 0.01% n-TiO2 foliar application had the highest effect on peroxidase and lowest effect on malondialdehyde activity. Use and non-use condition of SA, 0.01% n-TiO2 foliar application had the positive effect on polyphenol oxidase activity. Foliar application of 0.01% n-TiO2 and0.5% SA under water deficit stress had the highest effect on soluble carbohydrates and proline. Based on the results, the guaiacol peroxidase enzyme activity increased with increasing water deficit stress level, so that the most activity of this enzyme was observed in irrigation with 50 % filed capacity. Considering the role of the traits studied in cooperation with each other in preventing the production of active oxygen species and reducing the effects of water deficit stress, SA and n-TiO2, increasing the activity of enzyme peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, soluble carbohydrates, Proline and in contrast to the reduction of malondialdehyde reduced the negative effects of water deficit stress. Since SA and n-TiO2 had positive effects on the enzymes affecting plant physiology, the seed yield increased significantly compared to control and water deficiet conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Phytochemical analysis of various organs of Rheum ribes weed at the phonological stage of flowering (Case study: heights of Karizak Village of Kashmar)
ابراهیم Gholamalipour Alamdari فاطمه Makari جواد Bayat KohsarAn experiment was conducted for phytochemical analysis of the compounds of Rheum ribes weedat the phonological stage of flowering in Weed Science Laboratory of Gonbad-e Qabus University in 2015. Plant samples of Rheum ribes were collected from heights of Karizak Village MoreAn experiment was conducted for phytochemical analysis of the compounds of Rheum ribes weedat the phonological stage of flowering in Weed Science Laboratory of Gonbad-e Qabus University in 2015. Plant samples of Rheum ribes were collected from heights of Karizak Village of Kashmar. After identifying the Rheum species, various organs of stem, leaf, and inflorescence were separated from each other, dried and finally powdered. Chemical compounds like the organic matter, ash, crud protein, ADF, NDF, starch, soluble carbohydrates, and total phenols contents of the organs under study and a combination of organs were measured using the standardized phytochemical methods. Results of the variance analysis showed that there were significant differences in the phytochemical traits among various organs of Rheum ribes. Findings suggest that the highest percentage of organic matter, ash, crud protein, NDF, and ADF were obtained in the inflorescence, both the stem and leaf, leaf and inflorescence, and stem and inflorescence, respectively. The study also recorded the highest levels of total phenols in both in floresvence and combination of the organs while the lowest phenols contents were observed in the stem. Results generally showed variations in the content of phytochemical compounds under study in Rheum ribes organs. Therefore, regarding high productivity of Rheum ribes biomass and the role of phenolic compounds as well as suitable content of some primary metabolites, optimization of suitable method to extract these compounds is necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigation of some physio-morphological traits of purslane (portulaca oleracea L.) landraces under drought stress
Elham Azizi Younes Rezapour mansooreh kermani ali masoomiPurslane (Portulaca Oleracea L.) is a valuable medicinal plant growing in hot and dry conditions. Since drought stress is one of the most important factors limiting the production of agricultural products in these regions, this study aimed to evaluate the tolerance of d MorePurslane (Portulaca Oleracea L.) is a valuable medicinal plant growing in hot and dry conditions. Since drought stress is one of the most important factors limiting the production of agricultural products in these regions, this study aimed to evaluate the tolerance of different purslane landraces to drought stress in the greenhouse of Payame Noor University of Daregaz during the spring 2016. The experiment was as factorial based on completely randomized design with four levels of drought stress (field capacity, 75% FC, 50% FC and 25% FC), 5 landraces of purslane (Qom, Kalat, Sabzevar, Yazd, Gachsaran), and with three replications. The studied traits were relative water content, membrane sustainability index, photosynthetic pigment contents, chlorophyll sustainability index (the amount of chlorophylls and carotenoids), proline content, soluble carbohydrates, and fresh and dry weight of roots in two stages of vegetative and reproductive growth. Results showed that an increase in water stress level decreased the relative water content and cell membrane stability index while increasing the leaf chlorophyll index, carotenoid content, proline, and carbohydrates in different landraces of purslane. Results also indicated that the landraces of Gachsaran and Yazd had higher membrane stability index, lower RWC, and lower chlorophyll content under stress. Among the studied landraces, Qom and Kalat showed significant superiority compared to Sabzevar, Yazd and Gachsaran landraces in terms of proline and soluble carbohydrates. Also, the results showed that with increasing drought stress, fresh and dry weight of roots, leaves, and stems reduced at vegetative and generative stages of plant development such that the highest morphological and physiological traits in two stages of vegetative and reproductive growth were observed in 75% and 100% of field capacity and the minimum levels of these traits were obtained in 25% of field capacity. In general, Qom and Kalat landraces were more tolerant to drought stress compared to other landraces while Gachsaran, Yazd, and Sabzevar due to the relatively weak response to drought stress in most of the measured traits, were evaluated as susceptible landraces to drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Investigating the effect of air pollutants in Tehran on leaf surface, proline concentration, soluble carbohydrates and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids) in two Nerium oleander and acacia (Robinia pseudo acacia L.) plants.
مهلقا ghorbanaali gh bakhshi زینب bakandeThe effects of air pollutants in Tehran city on leaf area, proline concentration, soluble carbohydrates and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids) in acacia and persimmon were the subject of this research. At first, usi MoreThe effects of air pollutants in Tehran city on leaf area, proline concentration, soluble carbohydrates and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids) in acacia and persimmon were the subject of this research. At first, using the information of Environmental Protection Organization and Air Quality Control Department, Sorkheh Hesarbeh Park was selected as a clean environment and Azadi area as a polluted environment, and the desired plants were taken from these two areas. Leaf area in November (84) and June (85) and concentration of proline, soluble carbohydrates and amount of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids) in July (85) were determined and compared by spectrophotometric method. The results of this research showed that air pollution caused a significant decrease in the leaf area in acacia and persimmon. Also, air pollution increased the concentration of proline in two plants, Acacia and Persimmon. Due to air pollution, the concentration of soluble carbohydrates decreased in acacia and increased in persimmon, and these changes were statistically significant. The results of this research showed that as a result of air pollution, the amount of photosynthetic pigments including (chlorophyll a and b and total chlorophyll and carotenoids) increased significantly in date palm, and in acacia chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll and carotenoids decreased, this decrease is significant in the case of carotenoids. and the amount of chlorophyll b did not change much. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Evaluation of some primary and secondary metabolites of medicinal plant Proveskia abrotanoides Karel. in different phenological stages
Somaye Sabbagh Maryam Niakan Ibrahim Gholamali pour AlamdariTo evaluate the quality and quantity of primary and secondary metabolites at different phenological stages of Brazmbl medicinal plants, plant organs at both vegetative and flowering stages of Vamanan region in Āzādshahr were collected and dried. Whole plant extracts fro MoreTo evaluate the quality and quantity of primary and secondary metabolites at different phenological stages of Brazmbl medicinal plants, plant organs at both vegetative and flowering stages of Vamanan region in Āzādshahr were collected and dried. Whole plant extracts from Proveskia abrotanoides were used in this study at both vegetative and flowering stages to identify and evaluate the quality of tannins, saponins, anthocyanins and terpenoids compounds, flavones, and flavonoids. Also some primary metabolites such as soluble and insoluble carbohydrates, proline and total phenol in roots, stems, leaves, and flowers of plant were evaluated quantitatively. Qualitative analysis showed that saponins, anthocyanin, and tannin compounds were present at both vegetative and flowering stages of Proveskia abrotanoides. Also, quantitative analysis showed the maximum amount of starch in the root and the highest concentration of soluble carbohydrates, proline, and phenolic compounds in the leaves at vegetative stage. Overall, the results showed that at the vegetative stage regardless of starch, leaves had the highest soluble carbohydrates, proline, and phenolic compounds while at the reproductive stage root contained the highest level of these compounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis on some physiological characteristics of maize (SC704) under water deficit condition
Ahmad AfkariIn order to investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizae on some physiological characteristics of maize (SC704) under water deficit condition, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete design with three replications was conducted at the physiology laborat MoreIn order to investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizae on some physiological characteristics of maize (SC704) under water deficit condition, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete design with three replications was conducted at the physiology laboratory of Islamic Azad University Branch Ardabili, during 2015. Studied factors were: water potential in four levels (Zero, -4, -8 and -12 MPa) and Seed pre-treatment with mycorrhizal fungus in four levels (no inoculation, Seed pre-treatment with Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizoglomus fasciculatum and Claroideoglomu etanicatum. The results showed that increasing water stress decreased chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, relative water content and increased soluble carbohydrates and proline compounds followed, The seeds were inoculated with rhizoglomus fasciculatum of increasing traits in comparison with non-inoculated, respectively. The results of the comparison of mean interactions of drought stress and mycorrhiza showed that The highest content of chlorophyll a (85.23 mg/g fresh weight), total chlorophyll (35.33 mg/g fresh weight) and leaf water content (45.8%) related to stress-free treatment and inoculated plants with rhizoglomus fasciculatum. In general, the application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased the tolerance to water deficit stress through its effect on some physiological characteristics of corn. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Investigation of physiological properties and antioxidant activity of cumin by using of magnetic water and superabsorbent under water stress conditions
ali ashori manochher gholipoor ahmad gholami hamid AbbasdokhtIn order to investigate magnetic and superabsorbent water on some physiological traits and antioxidant activities of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L) under water stress, an experiment in two areas of Rahanjan and German of Shahroud city in factorial form in a randomized comple MoreIn order to investigate magnetic and superabsorbent water on some physiological traits and antioxidant activities of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L) under water stress, an experiment in two areas of Rahanjan and German of Shahroud city in factorial form in a randomized complete block design with Three replications were performed in the 1400-1399 crop year. The results of analysis of variance showed that the triple interaction effect of water requirement × magnetic water × superabsorbent was significant for the evaluated traits. The traits of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids and anthocyanins were significant. Under moderate stress conditions, using normal water, no significant difference was observed between control and 200 kg / ha superabsorbent treatments. Most traits in Rahnjan region had higher values than German region. In general, the use of magnetic water and 200 kg / ha of superabsorbent in conditions of moderate drought stress (75% water requirement) caused physiological and biochemical increase of cumin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Effects of Mixed and Row Intercropping on Yield and Quality Traits of Alfalfa and Three Grass Species in Rainfed Areas of Northern Khorasan, Iran
Ali Akbar Ameri Ali Ashraf Jafari -
Open Access Article
11 - Effects of Phenological Stages on Yield and Quality Traits in 22 Populations of Tall Wheatgrass Agropyron elongatum Grown in Lorestan, Iran
A. A. Jafari H. Anvari H. Nakhjavan E. Rahmani -
Open Access Article
12 - Variations of Water Soluble Carbohydrate in Plant Organs of Bromus tomentellus and Festuca ovina in Three Phenological Stages
Hoseyn Arzani Mehdi Zohdi Ghavam Aldin Zahedi Raziyeh Shahbandari Roja Safaian -
Open Access Article
13 - The Effect of Paclobutrazol on Physiological Characteristics of Bermuda Grass under Drought Stress
asghar pakdel حمید رضا میری رامین سامانی بابادائیGrass is considered as one of the most important covering plants in designing green spaces. We aimed to assess the growth retarding effects of Paclobutrazol on several physiological characteristics of Bermuda grass under dry stress in the form of a randomized factorial MoreGrass is considered as one of the most important covering plants in designing green spaces. We aimed to assess the growth retarding effects of Paclobutrazol on several physiological characteristics of Bermuda grass under dry stress in the form of a randomized factorial design study with three repetitions. The treatments in this study were paclobutrazol at concentrations of 0, 25, 50, and 75 mg/l and drought stress at four levels (irrigation based on 100, 80, 60, and 40% of the field’s capacity). We found that grass under severe drought stress conditions (40% FC) and were treated with concentrations of 50 and 75 mg/l Paclobutrazol had the highest amount of proline. Grass under moderate drought stress (60% FC) and was treated with Paclobutrazol 50 mg/l had the highest amount of soluble carbohydrates. When using 75 mg/l Paclobutrazol resulted in increased chlorophyll in Bermuda grass. Grass that was irrigated under normal conditions (100% FC) and was treated with different concentrations of paclobutrazol had the highest relative water content. The highest ion leakage was seen in grass under severe drought stress (40% FC) and 0 mg Paclobutrazol. In conclusion, we suggest the use of 50 mg/l Paclobutrazol in order to reduced water consumption or enhancing the growth of grass under drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Improvement Postharvest Longevity of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria hybrid) by Sucrose, Honey and Citric Acid
داود هاشم آبادی reyhane mohammadiIn order to investigate on the interaction between sucrose, honey and citric acid on postharvest life of cut Alstroemeria, a factorial experiment based on RCD carried out with 3 replications with 15 treatments. The treatments included of 5 levels of sugar (control, 2 an MoreIn order to investigate on the interaction between sucrose, honey and citric acid on postharvest life of cut Alstroemeria, a factorial experiment based on RCD carried out with 3 replications with 15 treatments. The treatments included of 5 levels of sugar (control, 2 and 4% sucrose, 2 and 4% honey) and citric acid in 3 levels (0, 200 and 400 mg L-1). Honey 2% in 400 mg L-1 citric acid in most traits had better than other treatments and maximum vase life (18.7 days) achieved compared to control (9.84 days). The lowest bacterial solution (3.66 Log 10 CFU ml-1) and lowest MDA (11.30 nmol g-1 FW) were observed in flowers treated with honey 2% in 400 mg L-1 citric acid. Control with 48.72 nl l-1h-1 g-1 F.W. had maximum ethylene, and the 200 and 400 mg L-1 citric acid in without sugar, sucrose 4% in 400 mg L-1 citric acid and honey 4% in without citric acid had lowest ethylene production between treatments, respectively. The results showed that the use of honey (2%) and citric acid (400 mg L-1) reduced the bacterial solution, malondialdehyde and ethylene and delays wilting flowers. So cut flowers treated with these compounds is recommended to maintain vase life of cut alstroemeria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Effect of Zinc on the Growth of Two Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Rootstocks under Drought Stress
Alireza Kermani Azam Jafari Soheil Karimi Mostafa Shirmardi -
Open Access Article
16 - Effects of Vermicompost Application and Moringa Extract on Growth Responses, Yield and Bioactive Compounds in Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)
AHMED ALI HANI AL-HAIDERI HOSSEIN ALI ASADI-GHARNEH YASAMEEN FADHIL SALLOOM -
Open Access Article
17 - The Effect of Magnetic Field and Iron Fertilizer on Growth Characteristics of Greenhouse Cucumber
MORADALI GHANBARPOURI AHMAD MOHAMADI GHAHSAREH MITRA ATTAABADI MEHRAN HODAJI -
Open Access Article
18 - The Effects of Different Levels of Cinnamon and Carbohydrates on Growth Performance and Immune Factors in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)
Mitra Ravardshiri Somayeh Bahram seyed Rohollah Javadian Masomeh BahrekazemiIn the present study, the effect of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) on growth performance and some immune factors of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was investigated at two levels in high- and low-carbohydrate diets. A total of 360 rainbow trout with an average initial MoreIn the present study, the effect of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) on growth performance and some immune factors of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was investigated at two levels in high- and low-carbohydrate diets. A total of 360 rainbow trout with an average initial weight of 16.12 ± 1.33 g (mean ± SD) were fed by six diets including Diet1 (low carbohydrate level; 20 % carbohydrate), Diet2 (low carbohydrate level and 3 % cinnamon), Diet3 (low carbohydrate level and 5 % cinnamon), Diet4 (high carbohydrate level; 30 % carbohydrate), Diet5 (high carbohydrate level and 3 % cinnamon), and Diet6 (high carbohydrate level and 5 % cinnamon) for 56 days. The results revealed that the effect of diet containing carbohydrates and cinnamon on the final weight and weight gain was significant and the highest final weight and weight gain were observed in diet 2 (low carbohydrates and 3% cinnamon) and Diet 3 (low carbohydrates and 5% cinnamon) with no significant difference with Diet 6 (high carbohydrate and 5% cinnamon). The results of hematopoietic indices related to white blood cells and their differential count in rainbow trout showed no significant difference between the treatments in the number of white blood cells, monocytes, basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils. However, the lymphocyte level was affected by experimental treatments and the highest level was observed in fish fed by Diet 3. There was no significant difference in lysozyme activity, immunoglobulin, and the complement system. According to the results related to growth performance and some immune indicators, fish fed by Diets 2 and 3 had better performance than other treatments. Manuscript profile
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