List of Articles Border areas

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  1 - Spatial Planning in Border Areas with an Emphasison Passive DefenceConsiderations (Case Study: from Konarak to Guater Gulf, Iran)
  Hamed Akhgar Reza Ardekani Hossein Zabihi
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  2 - Designing a local model of combating and preventing goods smuggling based on resistance economy from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence and law
  Ali HajatPoorGhaleRoodkhani Esmail Abdolahi MARYAM SAFAII
  10.30495/jijl.2022.70226.1606
  Illegal cross-border trade, contrary to the country's laws and regulations, is called goods smuggling, which disrupts the country's economic policies. Due to the fact that resistance economy is an essential need for our country, it is necessary to prepare a local model More

  Illegal cross-border trade, contrary to the country's laws and regulations, is called goods smuggling, which disrupts the country's economic policies. Due to the fact that resistance economy is an essential need for our country, it is necessary to prepare a local model to fight and prevent the smuggling of goods, which was done in this research using a quantitative-qualitative method. Out of all the police personnel fighting against goods and currency smuggling in Bushehr province, 10 people agreed to cooperate with the researcher in the interview section and 100 people in the questionnaire section. After the interview, the desired factors were identified and ranked by scoring in the questionnaire section, which finally led to the preparation of a model for combating and preventing goods smuggling. The main factors including five factors 1-economic, 2-executive, 3-technical, 4-legal and 5-judicial-security were determined. Each main factor has 5 sub-factors, which was designed as a model with a total of 25 sub-factors, and it is hoped that with its full implementation, the general policies of resistance economy with the approach of border dwellers' rights will be realized. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Stability of security in border areas villages of Sistan and Baluchestan Province
  حسین مختاری هشی Narges Vazin Mostafa Ghaderi Hajat
  Security is a concept that includes all aspects and dimensions of human life. Establishment of security in geographical spaces requires special measures and plans and is relates with many issues such as economical security, political and military security, social securi More

  Security is a concept that includes all aspects and dimensions of human life. Establishment of security in geographical spaces requires special measures and plans and is relates with many issues such as economical security, political and military security, social security, health security and environmental security. Sistan and Baluchestan province, due to the special geographical position, is very vulnerable in terms of security and in recent years has seen an increase in violence and armed conflict by militant groups. Although the roots of unrests are consider as political issues, but cannot ignore the effect of economic deprivation and low development indicators. In general we can say that there is a greater incidence of insecurity in underdeveloped contexts. Considering that more than 50 percent of the population of this Sistan and Balochistan province still lives in rural areas and rural population growth in the region is high, therefore, to achieve sustainable security we should consider security issues in rural areas. The results indicate that rural areas of this province have faced several challenges in different aspects of security, economic, social and environmental vulnerability. For sustainable security in rural areas, it is necessary that rural development strategy should be considered. Manuscript profile
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  4 - An Analysis of Informal Economy in Rural Economy Development (Case Study: Kurdistan Province)
  Mostafa Nankali Kalabadi Alireza Abbasi Semnani Farideh Asadian
  Border areas have special characteristics due to contact with various external environments. Existence of spatial exchanges and connections on both sides of the border and various vulnerabilities and threats have given special importance to these border areas in the pro More

  Border areas have special characteristics due to contact with various external environments. Existence of spatial exchanges and connections on both sides of the border and various vulnerabilities and threats have given special importance to these border areas in the process of development planning and land management, which if neglected, they will seriously face major challenges. In this regard, the purpose of this study is the role of informal economy in the development of rural economy in Kurdistan province. The statistical population of the present study includes residents of rural areas located in border villages of Kurdistan province that are directly connected to the border; Therefore, 14 villages in Baneh Sarvabad counties were the final target of the present study and among the villages of these rural areas, 27 villages located at a maximum distance of 50 km from the border have been studied. The instrument used in this study includes a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity is content (formal) and structural and its reliability has been confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results showed that the residents of the villages in the border areas agreed with the employment in the informal sector and expressed their satisfaction with this type of employment. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Identifying and prioritizing the dimensions of entrepreneurship ecosystem development in border provinces of Iran
  mohsen heidari ali badizadeh kambiz heidarzadeh henzaee
  The development of the entrepreneurial ecosystem is a new strategy in development theories for empowerment and capacity building to achieve sustainable development, which makes it possible to operate and diversify the income of border residents and the development of bo More

  The development of the entrepreneurial ecosystem is a new strategy in development theories for empowerment and capacity building to achieve sustainable development, which makes it possible to operate and diversify the income of border residents and the development of border areas. Obviously, the first step in implementing entrepreneurship development policies is to recognize the entrepreneurial ecosystem at different national and provincial levels and to identify bottlenecks that erode the country's competitive advantages. The main purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the effective dimensions in the development of entrepreneurial ecosystem in the border provinces of Iran. This research is a qualitative research and research method, case study and how to collect data is a semi-structured in-depth study with experts. The method of analyzing the data obtained from the interviews is coded and the result of this coding is 7 dimensions and 66 components. To assess the validity of the research, a group of experts and the reliability of all stages were documented by several researchers. Finally, the effective dimensions in the development of entrepreneurial ecosystem in border provinces were prioritized using a hierarchical analysis process based on the technique of pairwise comparisons. The results showed that the effective dimensions in the entrepreneurial ecosystem of the border provinces of Iran in order of priority are: financial capital, politics, support, social capital, market, culture, human capital. Simultaneous attention to all aspects of the systemic approach leads to balanced and sustainable development of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in the border provinces. Manuscript profile
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  6 - A Comparative Study of the Explanatory Components of Sustainable Urban Development in Border Areas (Case Study: Marivan of Iran and Kalar of Iraqi Kurdistan)
  Muqdad Hassan Abdul Qadir Shakale Ali Panahi Reza Valizadeh
  10.30495/jisaud.2023.1973262.1028
  In today's world, cities have become the main place of residence and activity and the superior way of life. In this regard, some cities attract the population and others, such as border areas, repel the population. Due to the role of border cities in order to ensure the More

  In today's world, cities have become the main place of residence and activity and the superior way of life. In this regard, some cities attract the population and others, such as border areas, repel the population. Due to the role of border cities in order to ensure the internal security of countries, the need for proper planning in order to improve the indicators of sustainable development in these areas is strongly felt. In general, it can be said that sustainability in cities seeks to successfully respond to current needs without compromising future needs in order to achieve a dynamic economy and a healthy natural environment with the cooperation of various organizations and people. Cities are a complex and living integrated system that includes economic, social, cultural, and physical components, and sustainable development, which is one of the main goals of United Nations policies and activities and the constant debate of developed and underdeveloped countries, is a process that requires improvement and Progress has been mentioned in various fields. For this purpose, the present study has been written with the aim of examining the components of sustainable urban development in border areas (Marivan of Iran and Kalar of Iraq) and to provide solutions to achieve the desired situation. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of exploratory-comparative nature which for data analysis has been used of structural equation modeling in Amos software. The statistical population of the study also included the citizens of Marivan and Kalar cities, which based on Cochran's formula, 383 people were determined as the sample size for each city. Findings show that the highest feasibility of sustainable development dimensions in Kalar city are related to sustainable community and culture, sustainable environment and body, sustainable security and sustainable economy with coefficients of 0.57, 0.52, 0.45 and 0.37, respectively, and in Marivan city were related to environment and sustainable body, sustainable community and culture, sustainable security and sustainable economy with coefficients of 0.61, 0.54, 0.48 and 0.46, respectively. The results also indicate that the situation of sustainable security and sustainable economy in these two cities is not appropriate and in Marivan city is slightly more favorable in sustainability indicators than of Kalar city.Also, the results indicate that the lack of proper planning and management of the studied cities has caused these cities to be in a state of disarray in various dimensions, such as the lack of citizens' awareness and preparation and exposure to crises, and the lack of job opportunities and access to stable incomes. Therefore, considering the integration of the concept of sustainability in different dimensions and the realization of sustainable development in a comprehensive and systemic approach, the need for strategic planning is felt in order to realize integrated sustainable development by considering different dimensions in the studied cities. Also, the root of many socio-economic issues and problems of backwardness of border areas, especially many security issues, should be considered in the general inadequacies and underdevelopment of these areas and neglecting them. Manuscript profile
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  7 - A comparative study of the components of sustainable urban security in the border areas (case study Marivan city of Iran and Kalar city of Kurdistan Region of Iraq)
  Muqdad Hassan Abdul Qadir Shakale Ali Panahi ولی‌زاده Valizadeh
  One of the main concerns of governments, especially in developing countries, is to provide security in border areas. In this regard, the current research was written with the aim of identifying the status of the components of sustainable urban security with an emphasis More

  One of the main concerns of governments, especially in developing countries, is to provide security in border areas. In this regard, the current research was written with the aim of identifying the status of the components of sustainable urban security with an emphasis on the border cities of Marivan/Iran and Kalar/Kurdistan Region Iraq. The research method in the current study is quantitative-qualitative with an applied-developmental nature, and field-questionnaire (survey) method was used to collect information. In line with the analysis of research data, according to the descriptive-analytical approach, structural equation modeling has been used in Amos software. The statistical population of the research also includes the citizens of Marivan and Klar cities, based on Cochran's formula, 383 people have been determined as the sample size for each of the cities. The findings of the research show that the degree of realization of the dimensions of sustainable security, i.e. personal and social security, physical-environmental security, economic security, political security and supportive management based on the structural model in Kalar city is 0.72, 0.51, 0.64, 0.47 and 0.39 respectively, and in Marivan city is 0.64, 0.55, 0.27, 0.46 and 0.31 respectively. The results also indicate that the dimensions of economic security, political security and supportive management in Marivan city and the dimensions of political security and supportive management in Kalar city have an unfavorable situation. Therefore, the only difference between these two cities is the unfavorable state of economic security components in Marivan city and their favorable state in Kalar city. Manuscript profile
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  8 - Identifying and Analyzing Indicators of Satisfaction of Tourists in Border Areas (Case study: Golestan Province)
  sadegh barzegar vahid kiani Mohammad Baghar Masodi Amane Alizade Gharjaghe
  Introduction: Today, the tourism industry, as one of the largest industries in the world, has an undeniable impact on the economic and social well-being of the host society. These conditions are very significant and important in areas such as Golestan province, which ha More

  Introduction: Today, the tourism industry, as one of the largest industries in the world, has an undeniable impact on the economic and social well-being of the host society. These conditions are very significant and important in areas such as Golestan province, which have good capabilities in relation to tourism, and especially in its border areas. Therefore, it is necessary to plan and manage it purposefully.Aim of the research: The present article has been compiled with the aim of identifying and analyzing indicators for measuring the satisfaction of tourists in the border province of Golestan.Research methodology: The research method was descriptive-analytic and data collection was done by library and field method. Data analysis was performed using the Akama model, Kolmogorof-Smirnof test, Friedman test and factor analysis.Geographical area of the study: The geographical area of the study includes all tourist areas in the border areas of Golestan province.Findings and Discussion: Findings from the survey and measuring the dimensions of satisfaction showed that all the indicators are suitable indicators to assess the level of satisfaction of visitors. In this research, while revealing the attitude pattern of the research sample as a representative of tourists in Golestan province, the indicators affecting the level of tourist satisfaction have been identified in order of priority.Research results: The results of this study showed that five factors of being reliable, reliability, accountability, tangible elements and empathy index are effective in assessing the satisfaction of tourists. Also, among the indicators evaluated by Friedman test, the "confidence" index has the highest rank and the "empathy" index has the lowest rank. Manuscript profile
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  9 - Measuring the Willingness to Immigrate in Rural Households in the Eastern Frontier Regions (Case Study: Torbat-e Jam County)
  maryam Ghasemi Farhad Ramezani
  Introduction: Border villages are among the most sensitive and strategic parts of the country that have unique and unique characteristics in various economic, social, political, cultural and security aspects. Migration of rural inhabitants of the border will deprive the More

  Introduction: Border villages are among the most sensitive and strategic parts of the country that have unique and unique characteristics in various economic, social, political, cultural and security aspects. Migration of rural inhabitants of the border will deprive these regions of the productive and protective population of the country and create problems in the destination of migration.Research Aim: the present study aims to measure the tendency of households to migrate to the border villages of Torbat-Jam city which is more 95% of them are Sunnis.Methodology: The research method is descriptive-analytical and it is applied-developmental. Documentation and field data were collected using a questionnaire. The sample size is 214 Sunni households residing in 17 villages 10 km from the Iran-Afghanistan border.Studied Areas: The geographical area of this research is the villages located 10 kilometers from the Iran-Afghanistan border in Torbat-e Jam County of Razavi Khorasan province according to the country divisions of 2015 and before the separation of Saleh Abad County.Results: The results show that the mean tendency to migrate construct is 1.98 lower than the theoretical average and is low in the Likert spectrum. This is due to the religious dualism of the destination with the source of immigration, which creates a large social cost for the migrant at the destination. Therefore, among the inhabitants of the border villages of the city, migration as a defensive strategy in the face of livelihood challenges and the latest strategy to achieve Minimal living standards.Conclusion: This study showed that only the existence of some deprivations does not cause migration, because for the Sunni villagers living on the border, cultural reasons (living in birth place and with people of the same religion) cause a low desire to migrate. Since the population in the border villages is considered as a strategic reserve of the country, it is an inevitable necessity to try to solve the livelihood problems, especially considering the low desire of the residents to migrate and the relative stability of the population. Manuscript profile
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  10 - Identifying the opportunities and challenges of the teaching-learning process in the educational management of the border regions of Ilam province
  Aref Pirani Shadman Kazemzadeh Masuod Nazarzadeh Hasan Momeni
  Border regions have always had opportunities and challenges due to their special conditions. The teaching-learning process is also very important in these areas due to the lack of research. Therefore, the main goal of the current research was to identify the opportuniti More

  Border regions have always had opportunities and challenges due to their special conditions. The teaching-learning process is also very important in these areas due to the lack of research. Therefore, the main goal of the current research was to identify the opportunities and challenges of the teaching-learning process in the border areas of Ilam province. The method of the present study was qualitative according to the exploratory aspect. The study population included the border areas of Dehloran and Mehran cities in the academic year of 1400-401. Based on the theoretical saturation rule, 22 teachers were selected by purposive sampling. The research tool was semi-structured interviews with an average duration of 40 minutes per interview. The views of the participants and some professors were used to validate the findings. Also, for reliability, the text of several interviews was analyzed and the agreement coefficient between the coders was 87%. Coding date was also used to analyze the findings. The findings showed that the opportunities of the teaching-learning process in border areas include 5 central themes (utilizing the capacity of virtual education, "utilizing the provincial television network", "utilizing the capacity to purchase educational services", "utilizing the capacity of border settlements and exploiting the material benefits of established companies) and challenges. Includes 15 pivotal themes (Infrastructure and Weaknesses of Infrastructure), Effects of Geographical Isolation on Education ,Challenges Related to Trafficking Consequences of War , Distance from the Center Unculture of Cultural Workers to Serve in Border Areas Parents hindered interaction in education, "lack of standard educational spaces in border areas", "early marriage of schoolgirls", "early entry of children into the labor market", "cultural poverty of families", "institutional inefficiency and environmental challenges". Manuscript profile