Akhavan

Open Access Article

1 - A Comparative Study of Subject's Situation in Forough and Akhavan Literature with Emphasis on Another Birth and Winter
Mohammad Sharifian Rajab Fakhraeian Hossein Mehrabi Bardar

10.30495/clq.2021.683758

In the field of aesthetics of literary works, a lot of research has been conducted, but these works less has been considered from the perspective of semantics. In the present article, using a descriptive-comparative method and based on library sources, secondary intenti More

In the field of aesthetics of literary works, a lot of research has been conducted, but these works less has been considered from the perspective of semantics. In the present article, using a descriptive-comparative method and based on library sources, secondary intentions in the rhetorical application of the subject situation in mentioning or deleting, introducing or not, presenting or delaying and focusing, adjectives and constraints are analyzed based on rhetorical science books. The analysis of "Another Birth" and "Winter" shows that the mention of subject is important to Forough and Akhavan more than its omission, and it seems that in both cases of omission or mention, their goal is often to convey the content in the shortest time with the most emphasis. In presenting and delaying the subject, the presentation of subject is more important than the delay, and he has used the presentation and delay of the subject for the purposes of "placing the subject in the mind of the addressee" and expressing "pain and sorrow." Forough and Akhavan, for more emphasis, introduce subject by adding a name, pronoun or adjective, and have used Nakareh subject less than Maarefa subject. Manuscript profile

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2 - Investigating Philosophical Existential Views (Existentialism) in Sohrab Sepehri's 'Green Volume' Poetry Office and Akhavan Sales's 'Winter' Office
zahra Mirzaei Fatemeh Ghafuri poran yoesfipoor

10.30495/clq.2022.1958119.2413

Existentialist is one of the philosophical schools and means the originality of existence or the primacy of existence over nature, which left a great impact on literary currents. The main foundations of this philosophy are the primacy of the nature, individuality, freed More

Existentialist is one of the philosophical schools and means the originality of existence or the primacy of existence over nature, which left a great impact on literary currents. The main foundations of this philosophy are the primacy of the nature, individuality, freedom, endurance, excellence of the world, frustration, despair, vanity, sadness, loneliness and depression.. Considering the socio-political situation in Iran in Shahrivar 1320 and the relatively open space for challenging these ideas and the prevalence of translated works from this period, many contemporary poets and writers of literature, were influenced by this idea.That Sohrab Sepehri and Akhavan Sales were of those who were influenced by this idea during a part of these literary creation. Therefore, this study intends to study and analyze philosophical ideas in the poetry of Hajm Sabz System and in Zamestan System. In this research, based on library studies and philosophical analytical method, the author has tried to collect materials and prove his theories, and by examining the poems of Hajme Sabz and Zamestan , has come to the conclusion that they have seen the themes of existentialist philosophy with intensity and weakness in these poems of these poets. Key words: Philosophical Schools , Existentialism, Sohrab Sepehri,Akhavan Sales. Manuscript profile

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3 - Analysis of the components of realism in poems "Mohammad Afifi Matar" and "Mahdi Akhavan Sales"
mohamadreza salmani سندس کردآبادی

10.30495/clq.2023.1920072.2087

Society and literature have a reciprocal and two-way relationship, and literary works are the product of life and the social environment. Realism is in fact the representation of the real life of human society and addressing the realities and issues in society and expre More

Society and literature have a reciprocal and two-way relationship, and literary works are the product of life and the social environment. Realism is in fact the representation of the real life of human society and addressing the realities and issues in society and expresses the sense of responsibility and attention of poets and writers to the tangible realities of society, which after the Second World War with the Zionist efforts became more prominent. This sense of commitment of writers to the realities of the Islamic world became more apparent. "Mohammad Afifi Matar" and "Mehdi Akhavan Sales" live in two societies with similar social conditions and have common views in dealing with existing social issues due to common intellectual and ideological backgrounds. This article, while defining the school of realism and introducing these two prominent poets of Egypt and Iran, and examining their revolutionary poems, tries to express the most important components of realism in their poems. These include: patriotism, continuing to protest against tyrants, waiting for freedom and the elimination of oppression, poverty and hunger, and loving the mother. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Stylistics of Akhavan Sales's Poems about the Imposed War; Relying on the Intellectual Level
Reza Zarinkamar Mohammad Mehdi Sayar

Poets who wrote about the imposed war are divided in two groups; the first group of poets are influenced by the trend of the Islamic Revolution, whose literary and artistic life was formed or highlighted during the Islamic Revolution and the imposed war. The second grou More

Poets who wrote about the imposed war are divided in two groups; the first group of poets are influenced by the trend of the Islamic Revolution, whose literary and artistic life was formed or highlighted during the Islamic Revolution and the imposed war. The second group consists of poets who had a significant reputation before the Islamic Revolution and wrote about the necessity and sense of duty about the imposed war. Mehdi Akhavan Sales is from the second group. Before the Islamic Revolution, he was a prominent poet and with the beginning of the war, he used his epic and artistic poetic language to save the country from foreign aggression. This study examines the poems of Akhavan Sales about the imposed war and analyzes them from a stylistic point of view- based on the intellectual level. The result of the research is that Akhavan, as a pro-Iranian and pioneer poet, in spite of his religious and political differences with the dominant discourse and poets of the Islamic Revolution, is remarkably close to the desirable identity model of the governance in his war poems Manuscript profile

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5 - A Study of Common Themes in the Poetry of abu -Madi and Akhavan Sales
Seyyed Mohammad Amiri

Finding and comparing the common themes in the poetry of Akhavan Sales and Elia abu Madi, provides the opportunity to reveal the common views and notions of these two modernist poets, and carries the realization that neither geographic alboundaries nor differences in th More

Finding and comparing the common themes in the poetry of Akhavan Sales and Elia abu Madi, provides the opportunity to reveal the common views and notions of these two modernist poets, and carries the realization that neither geographic alboundaries nor differences in the cultures of various nations and their religions forms an obstacle in discovering the origins of like-mindedness. Because these two poets, while sanctifying their own beliefs, think beyond borders and religions, and their poetry reflects the moaning and pain among people in a society where the storm of oppression and tyranny has dried their hope tree. Such popular poets value humanity and by looking deep in to their environment come to doubt and question the whole universe and creation. Moreover, one can spot the footprints of older poets in the views and ideas of these two modernist poets. Abu Madi and Sales echo the earlier attitudes of Khayyam.   Manuscript profile

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6 - An Analysis of Political-Social Reasons for the Failure of Mohammad Morsiʼs Governance and Sisiʼs Coup d'état in Egypt
amir hosein moradpourdehnavi alireza naeij

The present research aims to investigate the factors influencing Akhavan-Al Muslimʼs failure in Egypt with an emphasis on political-social aspects in the failure of Islamic awakening. Having used the descriptive-analytical research method, the results show that the reas More

The present research aims to investigate the factors influencing Akhavan-Al Muslimʼs failure in Egypt with an emphasis on political-social aspects in the failure of Islamic awakening. Having used the descriptive-analytical research method, the results show that the reasons for falling Morsiʼs governance include political-historical aspects like colonialism legacy in Egypt, structure of autocratic governance, military, and soldiery in Egypt; political-cultural aspects like tribal and religious discrepancies in community and political culture in Egypt, political-social aspects like weakness in political cooperation, personalization of political power, and hegemony-based authorities of the governance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Investigating and analyzing the components of national identity in Akhavan’s and Shafi'i Kadkani’s Poetry
Farshad Salimi Nejad Thoraleh Norouzi Davoodkhani Khodabakhsh Asadollahi

10.30495/dk.2021.1931747.2273

 As Identity is connected to individuality, it is one of the most important topics in the field of humanities. Because it is only in the shadow of identity that man is released from invisibility in society then he reaches the individual and prepares to play its hum More

 As Identity is connected to individuality, it is one of the most important topics in the field of humanities. Because it is only in the shadow of identity that man is released from invisibility in society then he reaches the individual and prepares to play its human role in society. Therefore, in all human societies, national identity has more social value than other identities. The subject of the present article is the study of national identity in the poetry of two great contemporary poets, Akhavan and Shafi'i Kadkani. To understand it, we first briefly study the issue of identity, cultural identity, social identity and national identity and then, we have found, categorized and analyzed the objects of national identity in the poems of these two poets to show its impact on their poetry. The data of this research have collected in a library and documentary manner and then we analyzed them using a descriptive method. As a result, both poets are prominent in identity and have stopped in their journey of life and poetry, more than anywhere else in the home of national identity. Manuscript profile

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8 - Susa and Beirut as Depicted in the Poems of Mehdi Akhavan Saless and Nizar Qabbani
. Mah Nazari Kobra Assadi Mansoure Basirpour

The importance of home and birthplace and how regretfully or joyfully poets and writers think about them have always been the subject of consideration throughout history. Nizar Qabbani, the Arab innovator poet, and Akhavan Saless, the Iranian contemporary poet, have vie More

The importance of home and birthplace and how regretfully or joyfully poets and writers think about them have always been the subject of consideration throughout history. Nizar Qabbani, the Arab innovator poet, and Akhavan Saless, the Iranian contemporary poet, have viewed Beirut and Susa respectively in a mournful and tearful tone recollecting their affluence and destruction in the past in their poems. This paper compares two odes of the poets to argue the importance of these two places in their depictions Manuscript profile

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9 - Music in Akhavan’s Poetry
Mohammad Ehsani

Manuscript profile

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10 - Symbolic Colors and Synaesthesia in Mehdi Akhavan Saless’s Imagery
Nasrin Beyranvand Hossein Arian Nasser Kazem Khanloo

In literature and in poetry in specific, synaesthesia and colors imagery are of significant value and help the creation of literary works. Since time immemorial, color, as the most pictorial sense, has been of interest for human beings, who have been impressed and infat More

In literature and in poetry in specific, synaesthesia and colors imagery are of significant value and help the creation of literary works. Since time immemorial, color, as the most pictorial sense, has been of interest for human beings, who have been impressed and infatuated with its power and magic. Moreover, color is an element with undeniably fancy function for everyone everywhere forever. In every culture, some colors represent the manners, the wishes and the innermost feelings of the people, and the colors in the flag of every country represent them to some extent. Today, colors are considered to be the most constituent element in artistic creation; they bring tranquility and they make the world decorated. The poets also rely on colors to express their sensibility and feelings, and use them as vital in their imagery, so that the kind of relation they discover between the occasions and the things around themselves is sometimes through colors. Manuscript profile

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11 - components of Post-colonialism Mehdi Akhavan-Sales poem
seyedegohar norbakhsh Abdolhossein Farzad

One of the areas of new studies in the Third-World Countries and a critical approach to a set of theoretical approaches that emphasize the consequences of colonialism on colonial discourse analysis is Post-colonialism studies. Edward Said the real founder of  theor More

One of the areas of new studies in the Third-World Countries and a critical approach to a set of theoretical approaches that emphasize the consequences of colonialism on colonial discourse analysis is Post-colonialism studies. Edward Said the real founder of  theory  post-colonialism , The basis of his theory in his Orientalist essay is based on this. Western thinkers have mainly posited the wrong image of the Orient as "another." Edward Said believes that the consequences of colonialism in terms of chaos, coup, corruption, and civil wars and bloodshed continued to these days. Mehdi Akhavan Sales is one of the poets who narrate the presence of British and American colonialism in his poetry, in the literature of Iran. This descriptive analytic article is about expressing the post-colonial effects of his poetry. Studies show that Akhavan has spoken in a symbolic and illustrative language with poetic images of colonialism, and in his poems described a despondent atmosphere after colonial domination Manuscript profile

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12 - Analysis of the Content of Belief in Resurrection in Free Poems by Mahdi Akhavan Sales
Masoumeh Sadat Mirjafari Alireza Fouladi

10.30495/dk.2021.682095

under the influence of the Western culture, modern contemporary poet, Mahdi Akhavan Salis, tried pay attention to Iranian culture and, to this end, tried to create a reconciliation of Zoroaster's personal and charitable tendencies, social orientations, and justice-seeki More

under the influence of the Western culture, modern contemporary poet, Mahdi Akhavan Salis, tried pay attention to Iranian culture and, to this end, tried to create a reconciliation of Zoroaster's personal and charitable tendencies, social orientations, and justice-seeking. The present article tries to answer the question of the extent of his beliefs in the afterworld, using exact qualitative content analysis. The aim was to see whether in his belief in resurrection, Akhavan Salis proceeded to the same extent as the ancient Iranians? According to the scholars' view, Mazdak has been a follower of the Zoroastrian religion in terms of the principles of theology. In this tradition, the divine and individual judgment and the Chinadopal, the same path, paradise and hell, and collective judgment, and the ultimate punishment of the sinners to free them from the oppression of sin, and finally, The scarlet has a clear plan. This article   Finally, it concludes that 153 semi poetry and 5 white poems have been released, and in total 158 free verses of the Brotherhood, 59 times in 50 poetry and 4 times in 4 poems, and 63 times in total 33 poems related to resurrection, and the percentage of poems related to resurrection The poet's poetry ratio is 88/20. However, concludes that his view of the resurrection, in his free poems, is more of a gloomy, sometimes mocking and even libelous, nature and, therefore , does not coincide with the resurrection of the ancient Persians or any other belief in the resurrection. Manuscript profile

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13 - “The critique of diversity of characters in poetic collections of “winter”, “End of Shahnameh”, and “From this Avesta” by Akhavan Sales”
Shirzad Tayefi

   The artists express their paradigms and ideals within the framework of their artistic works. Diversity of characters and their quality and reason may play important role in conveying artist’s message to the audience since juxtaposition of different an More

   The artists express their paradigms and ideals within the framework of their artistic works. Diversity of characters and their quality and reason may play important role in conveying artist’s message to the audience since juxtaposition of different and sometimes opposite personality and individual traits can cause them to become more prominent with more influence. We have criticized diversity of characters in poetic collections of ‘Winter’, ‘The end of Shahnameh’, and ‘From this Avesta’ written by Mehdi Akhavan Sales in two content and structural fields using inductive- analytical method. The research achievement denotes that in representation of characters, especially the main characters Akhavan Sales puts them versus completely different characters and also sometimes he shows a character in various dimensions. Using such diversity, the poet looks for conveying direct and symbolic messages, interpreting poetic and social mission, expressing micro and macro ideals, and finally restating quality and reason for classification of paradigms. In addition to opening new windows toward audience of artistic work, study on such fields may familiarize him/her with viewpoints of poet’s doctrines and it can be an entry for recognition of some of elements of culture and art and doctrine of community. Manuscript profile

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14 - Public culture elementsfunction in Akhavan poetry
maryam sadat Assadi Firuz Abadi

In this paper, the various functions of the Public culture elements function in Akhavan poetry have been investigated. Akhavan is thenationalist poet and he is infatuate country's noble culture. He  has used the various folklore forms  is  ranging from or More

In this paper, the various functions of the Public culture elements function in Akhavan poetry have been investigated. Akhavan is thenationalist poet and he is infatuate country's noble culture. He  has used the various folklore forms  is  ranging from oral literature to customs, superstitions and popular beliefs,games and etc., to extensive way , with various forms and  unique skills in  your songs. The study ofaccurate his poems is explanatory that beyond of the fancy application from this elements in his oratory, the  various Folklore forms has found special functions in his poems  by poet.the most important of these is include  in terms of present  time, social and political criticism , advice , influence in the hearts , expand the imagination and to create  artistic  brevity . . These functions are study to descriptive - analytical methodin this paper Manuscript profile

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15 - Plant Symbolism in Contemporary Persian Poetry: Case Study of Poems by Akhavan, Shamloo and Shafi'aee Kadkani
Abd-al-Hossein Farzad Seyyed Ebrahim Arman Leili Naderi

Plants in ancient fictional texts describe the  relation between low world and super worlds and appear in forms including ritual resurrection, human reincarnation in plant and vice versa, identification of human and plant , and etc which  relate human's spirit More

Plants in ancient fictional texts describe the  relation between low world and super worlds and appear in forms including ritual resurrection, human reincarnation in plant and vice versa, identification of human and plant , and etc which  relate human's spirit to supernatural. Contemporary Persian poets are taking advantage of a new language that is full of mythical concepts for expression of their defiant thoughts. According to political and social condition dominating  Iran and introduction of new subjects  into contemporary Persian poetry, using symbol and code in poetry changes into a necessity and meantime plant symbols have significant contribution. Akhavan,  Shamloo , and Shafi'aee Kadkani, three mythopoets in Persian Literature of contemporary era, have utilized symbolic and mythical expressions of plant as totemism, animism (personification), human reincarnation in plant and fetishism in their poems. These poets have been influenced more by Iranian-Islamic narrations rather than Jewish- Christian and Greek- Roman  ones in using herbal symbols.   Manuscript profile

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16 - A Comparative Study of the Poem "Qasedak" by Akhavan Thaleth and "Saee Al-barid" by Boland Al-heidari
Heidar Mahallati Mahdi Naseri

Arabic and Persian poems have numerous common points and poets of these two languages share the  same point in style, subject, structure and music of poetry. Mahdi Akhavan Thaleth, famous Iranian poet, and Boland Al-Heidari, well-known Iraqi poet,  are among p More

Arabic and Persian poems have numerous common points and poets of these two languages share the  same point in style, subject, structure and music of poetry. Mahdi Akhavan Thaleth, famous Iranian poet, and Boland Al-Heidari, well-known Iraqi poet,  are among poets who have many similarities in their works. As an example, there are some conceptual and verbal  similarities between Qasedak and Saee Al-barid (postman) and authors of this article investigate them in analytical- descriptive method. Undoubtedly, recognition of inspiring origin of these two common poems  is very helpful in knowing deep poetic relation of Persian and Arabic languages. Results of this research show that these two odes are very similar in many cases as social themes particularly expressing people's suffering and difficulties, simplicity of speech figures of thought as well as speech, diverse ways of expression, poetic musicality, repetition and its aims and contents.  Manuscript profile

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17 - A comparative study of the allegory effects in the poems of Akhavan sales and Shafii Kadkani based on the intellectual principles of minimalism
Seydeh zahra Rouhani Shahin Ojagh Alizadeh3

Allegory is one of the most widespread ways of storytelling that inspires moral, didactic, social and political thoughts and messages to the reader. It is one of the methods of indirect expression of the poet's thoughts An allegory is a narrative that can be read More

Allegory is one of the most widespread ways of storytelling that inspires moral, didactic, social and political thoughts and messages to the reader. It is one of the methods of indirect expression of the poet's thoughts An allegory is a narrative that can be read in disguise; so that it takes on other meanings that makes his speech more effective. Minimalism, as one of the main structural relationships of speech in social themes, is of significant importance. In this regard, minimalist short stories provide a suitable platform for analyzing the structural principles of speech based on the principle of allegory, due to the use of the basic narrative and allegorical structure as well as sociological relationships. This research has explained the allegorical effects of the poems of Shafii Kodkani and Akhwansals a descriptive-analytical way. In the thought of each of these two speakers. The main problem of this research is to search for the arrangements that Shafi'i Kodkani and Akhwansals used to express their inner intentions based on the prevailing concerns in the mind. The results of this research show that; The poems of Akhwan and Shafi'i Kodkani, with their solid structure, based on a unique form and structure, reflect the allegorical foundations of the word well in their poems. Manuscript profile

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18 - A look at the allegory in the poetry of Nima, Akhavan and Sohrab
Nazanin maturi masoud pakdel

Allegory is one of the common terminology in the literature of Iran and the world, which despite its high frequency and rich background, due to some similarities with other literary bases such as symbolic, cipher, indignant, and even analogy and metaphor, about the prec More

Allegory is one of the common terminology in the literature of Iran and the world, which despite its high frequency and rich background, due to some similarities with other literary bases such as symbolic, cipher, indignant, and even analogy and metaphor, about the precise introduction of it among scholars and writers There are disagreements. Therefore, it should be acknowledged that in different periods and based on the existing schools of thought and poetry, the work and definition of the allegory undergoes transformations and, consequently, the creation of various works. In this research, an analytical-descriptive method has been used to study the functions of allegory in Sohrab, Nima and Akhavan poetry. The results show that the symbolism and utilization of analogy and metaphor, which are subsamples of allegory, are more prominent in Sohrab and Akhavan's works compared to Nima's works because these two poets often use allegory to express The pain of community and society's disadvantages. Manuscript profile

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19 - Investigating the five allegorical and narrative poems of Mehdi Akhavan Sales in Az In Avesta collection
Seyed Ahmad Hosseini Kazerouni Yaghoub Kiani Shahvandi

In this article five allegory and narrative of Mehdi Akhavan Sales in Az in avesta collection are review and investigated. This article aims to show that the poet is not only a narrator and story teller but also he use of narrative and story for explain the social event More

In this article five allegory and narrative of Mehdi Akhavan Sales in Az in avesta collection are review and investigated. This article aims to show that the poet is not only a narrator and story teller but also he use of narrative and story for explain the social events and human concepts in his age. To this extent the used allegories in poems are explained and the techniqes of narrative are investigated.in this review the dialogues, events, explanations, suitable beginning and ending and characterization are seen skillfully in these poems. In addition, the poet indicates his literal skills and use the language, music, imageries and literal emotion very well in these poems. Manuscript profile

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20 - Investigating the epical and mythical allegories in M.Omid’s Nimayee poems
mehran aalivand

In this article the used epical and mythical allegoriesin Mehdi Akhavan Sales Nimayee poems and and the ends and manners of application. The aim of this research, is to known that the poet how to use them in his poems, and these epical and mythical allegorieshow to effe More

In this article the used epical and mythical allegoriesin Mehdi Akhavan Sales Nimayee poems and and the ends and manners of application. The aim of this research, is to known that the poet how to use them in his poems, and these epical and mythical allegorieshow to effect in poet’s meaning development. To this extent, the authors have investigated these mythical concepts and epical allegoriesin three parts as Iranian epical and mythical allegories, Islamic indicating and western allusions. That in the meantime, the Iranian myths are more using than others. This epical and mythical allegories are used with different ends in Akhavan’s poems. He use them for explain the social events and human concepts in his age. In the other hand, using of these mythical concepts and epical allegorieshave foreground his literal language and statement and add it’s suggestion and power of effect. Manuscript profile

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21 - Allegorical anecdotes in the poems of Akhavan Saleh, Based on discourse analysis theories
leila galavi Mostafa Salari Behrouz Romiani

One of the eldest and at the same time, the most effective literary device, is expressing a subject through allegorical exemplum. In this method by using a simile structure, the poet tries to present an inner meaning in his mind, while it is actually the tenor, througho More

One of the eldest and at the same time, the most effective literary device, is expressing a subject through allegorical exemplum. In this method by using a simile structure, the poet tries to present an inner meaning in his mind, while it is actually the tenor, throughout a story, which is actually the vehicle of the simile structure. In the present survey which is an essential one, the data is obtained through library studies and then they are analyzed throughout a descriptive method, based on discourse analysis, specially, the critical discourse analysis theory by Norman Fairclough, the reasons and the manner of Mehdi Akhavan Sales, a contemporary Persian poet, allegorical exemplum usage in his poetry is discussed. Akhavan, whose contents of his poems are mostly based on the social affairs of his time, uses allegorical exemplum for different reasons, such as: increasing the effects on his readers, as well as saving himself from the political- social dangerous impacts of such poems. In so many of his poems which consist of allegorical exemplum, the vehicles of vast detailed simile structures are affairs such as: poverty, loneliness, honour, oppression, and the valuable culture of Iran, while the tenors are allegorical exemplum, with different subjects, settings, and characters. Finding the tenor out of the vehicle through a systematic targeted method based on the Fairclough’s theory which has three phases, is completely possible and the processes can be offered to interpret other allegorical exemplum in other poet’s works, Manuscript profile

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22 - Akhaven-e- Sales’ Perspective on Khosravani’s Wisdom
Mohsen Ghorbanzadeh mohamadreza shadmanamin Medi Mahuzi ahmad zakeri

Khosravani's wisdom has a close relationship with mysticism. Irfan has the ability to communicate with the audience. In the era in which we are living, it is possible to find the influence of "Khosravani's wisdom" in the mind and language of Mehdi Akhawan-e-Sales (M-Omi More

Khosravani's wisdom has a close relationship with mysticism. Irfan has the ability to communicate with the audience. In the era in which we are living, it is possible to find the influence of "Khosravani's wisdom" in the mind and language of Mehdi Akhawan-e-Sales (M-Omid) with the knowledge of mysticism. The reason is that if we delibrate on it, Khosravani's wisdom is one of the most used sources in mystical literature. religiosity, patriotism, truthfulness, bravery, antiquarianism, in other words, the idea of Iranian archetypes "Sunamun" and the idea of "Ērān&scaron;ahr" are reflected in Akhawan’s poetry, as one of the prominent contemporary poets. This article aims to find and analyze "Khosravani's wisdom" which is a mixture of Islamic myth and mysticism in Mehdi Akhawan-e-Sales’ point of view. In the foundation of his thought, as one of the prominent contemporary poets, there is a special interest in Iran, his homeland, "Ērān&scaron;ahr". The method used in this article is a descriptive- analytical research. Let's give a clear and new explanation of the concept of "Khosravani's wisdom" in the mind and language of Akhavan which is one of the basic foundations and important elements of his poetry. Manuscript profile

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23 - Foregrounding in Akhavan-Sales’ Poetry
hamid samsaam nazanin sheykh zadeh

Mehdi Akhavan-Sales is no doubt one of the most eminent poets of the post-Nima era. His poetry, in the words of most scholars in the Iranian contemporary literature, is a poetical and artistic blend of the Persian traditional poetry and the neo-Nimaic poetry. Akhavan-Sa More

Mehdi Akhavan-Sales is no doubt one of the most eminent poets of the post-Nima era. His poetry, in the words of most scholars in the Iranian contemporary literature, is a poetical and artistic blend of the Persian traditional poetry and the neo-Nimaic poetry. Akhavan-Sales is the epitome of the generation of poets who are not only committed to the society and its developments but also whose poetry enjoys a unique literary enrichment. He is, indeed, a poet who both minds the literary form and attends closely to the content of his poem. Therefore, many have tried to discover and study the various aspects of Akhavan-Sales’ literature by reading his poetry over and over. Literary criticism, which is considered to be an important field of the modern literature, comprises multiple areas. One is foregrounding, which acts as one form of reading literary works. Foregrounding is the employment of language elements in a manner in which the mode of expression draws attention and is unconventional and non-automatic, rather than automatic. This definition gives a general description of the literary criticism style. In the word of the scholars, foregrounding is realised in two ways: deviation and extra-regularity. Akhavan-Sales’ poetry is replete with both deviation and extra-regularity. Deviation normally includes the levels of phonology, lexis, syntax, and semantics; extra-regularity usually deals with the novel words. In this type of foregrounding, we impose some norms on the conventional language. The reader of this article will get familiar with some of the reasons for Akhavan’s greatness and the secret of his poem’s impressiveness. Manuscript profile

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24 - Reviewing Emotional Discourse in Akhavan Sales`s Poem (Veda) with the Approach of Semiotics
Mehdi Sarbalavand sareh zirak

In this expressive – analytic essay Akhavan Sales`s poem titled (Veda) has been explored and analyzed using sensational semiotics. In Akhavan`s poems a sense of bitterness and disparate emotions is prevalent. This poem is a narration of interaction between two sub More

In this expressive – analytic essay Akhavan Sales`s poem titled (Veda) has been explored and analyzed using sensational semiotics. In Akhavan`s poems a sense of bitterness and disparate emotions is prevalent. This poem is a narration of interaction between two subjects in a stressful atmosphere, the narrator has an active value, but his unintentional induced stress transforms him into an inactive subject, thus somatic body is revealed in weeping form. The emotional discourse presented in this poem indicates a simultaneous decrease in the extent of cognitive and stressful emotion and shows a state of connective discourse and due to pursuing an adverse system of discourse by the other subject right from the beginning, tension-being style dominates the context of the discourse. Moreover the cognitive, sensational and emotional elements that interfere with the main subject cause the object of silence to rise to subjectivity and subjectifying of object has a relation with inactive and projective state of the narrator. The inactive subject (narrator) being under the induced and prescribed system, accepts his lower place. The separation in front of him cannot make any change in the process of meaning, because the subject of actor determines the relation emotional and cognitive aspects of discourse have with the flowing process of meaning, and it has the ability to impact both pre-strain and post-strain direction of the discourse. Thus, the choice and power of the other side of discourse has imposed the place of lower value on the inactive subject who is the narrator. Manuscript profile

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25 - Inspired by Akhavan Sales: Thoughts and Poetic Language in Shafiei Kadkani's Poetry by Particular Reference to Shabkhani
Masood Delaviz

Analysis  of  the  inspiration  of  poets  verses  are  from  the  most significant subjects in literary criticism. Appreciating their effectiveness, Shafiei Kadkani's poems are considered as traditional and contemporar More

Analysis  of  the  inspiration  of  poets  verses  are  from  the  most significant subjects in literary criticism. Appreciating their effectiveness, Shafiei Kadkani's poems are considered as traditional and contemporary poems.  At  his  early works,  Shafiei  Kadkani  was  influenced  by many traditional and contemporary poets, but studying his Shabkhani collection of  poems    shows  that  how  he  was  inspired  by  Iranian  poet,  Mehdi Akhavan Sales more than others. He was influenced by Akhavan's conscious and language so much that his thoughts and method of explanation can be found identical. The present research aims at analyzing and appreciating the Shafiee’s ideology and language in the Shabkhani collection and finding the common motifs and similarities in language and thought with Akhevan's poem. Therefore, mentioning the poetic evidence, this paper tries to analyze and investigate the way Shafiei Kadkani has been influenced and inspired by Akhavan’s poetic language and thought.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - The Study of Patriotism and Awakening in Poetry of Farrokhi and Akhavan
Shamsi Vaghef Zade Haniesadat Najafi

The love of the country and the quest for awakening people in order to encourage anti-oppression activities and trying to improve the conditions prevailing in the society include the issues that are in the poetry of particular committed poets. The master of poets which More

The love of the country and the quest for awakening people in order to encourage anti-oppression activities and trying to improve the conditions prevailing in the society include the issues that are in the poetry of particular committed poets. The master of poets which has special note on preserving the national identity and ethnic honors is Ferdowsi. This has been appeared in a much bolder and clearer way in the contemporary Iranian literature in comparison to the past. In this thesis, there is evaluation of political and social lyrics of Farrokhi Yazdi and Akhavan Saales to find out the common themes and differences of patriotism and awakening in their poetry. Concepts such as freedom, awakening, fight tyranny and westernization, national identity and recalling the past, nationals and ancients, had been the most important common concerns of these two intellectual poets. This thesis, will study the thinking and motivations, attitudes and trends of these two poets. The results show that Akhavan’s patriotism and his emphasis on ancient past is more, and Farrokhi’s emphasis is on the growth of modern home. In other words, political campaigns of Akhavan can be seen in his poetry and he tried to awaken people by symbols but Farrokhi not only used poetry but also by public campaigns showed his tendency to love his country and his fight for freedom. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - A Preface to Musical Potensials of “Zemestan” Poetry collection of Akhavan-Sales
fatemeh golbabaee Shirzad Tayefi

 The inseparable relation between literature and music is an issue that has always been considered in different times. The present research, which is categorized in interdisciplinary studies, with a descriptive-analytical approach, worked on the relation between li More

 The inseparable relation between literature and music is an issue that has always been considered in different times. The present research, which is categorized in interdisciplinary studies, with a descriptive-analytical approach, worked on the relation between literature and music in “Zemestan” poetry collection of Mehdi Akhavan Sales and Iranian instrumental music. Akhavan Sales’s special attention to the music of poetry and the multiplicity of published musical works based on “Zemestan” poems, made us to analyze and discover the musical potentials of this poetry collection. This paper works on three Iranian classical music albums: "Zemestan ast", "Faryad" and "Hamavaz -e- parastouha- ye- aah", to analyze musical works based on “Zemestan” poetry collection, and to specify the factors that create rhythm and music in Persian modern poetry. The outcome and results of this study notice the musical richness of Akhavan sales’s works, specially the versatility of his poetries with Iranian classical music. Manuscript profile

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28 - Investigating and analyzing Dimensions of Mehdi Akhavan Sales's influence from the verses of the Holy Quran Relying on the intertextual theory of Gerard Genet
AKRAM ZAFARI Dr.BATOOL FAKHR -E- ESLAM Dr.hossein seyyedi Dr.akbar shabany

  In recent years, in the field of literary criticism, a theory called intertextual criticism has become popular, according to which none of the texts have an independent identity and have been created under the direct or indirect influence of their previous works. More

  In recent years, in the field of literary criticism, a theory called intertextual criticism has become popular, according to which none of the texts have an independent identity and have been created under the direct or indirect influence of their previous works. The frameworks of intertextual critique were first explained by Julia Kristova, but culminated in Gerard Genet's views, so that today Genet's views are considered as a model in intertextual studies. He divides intertextuality into three categories, "explicit, implicit, and implicit," to which all texts fall. One of the sub-texts that poets pay attention to is religious characters, which in contemporary Persian literature, the Third Brotherhood is among the poets who have reflected religious issues in their poems. Citing the most important Islamic religious text, the Qur'an, he described some of his mentality and shared it with the audience. Therefore, in the present article, relying on descriptive-analytical method and citing library sources, the dimensions of the Third Brotherhood's influence on Quranic verses in four sections of content, lexical, structural and ritual stories have been studied and explored to answer these questions. It should be given that: a) The third Brotherhood has been influenced by the verses of the Qur'an? B) Which of the levels of the intertextual view has been used more in the poems of the Third Brotherhood? The foundations of Genet's intertextual theory have been used to avoid scatterbraining. The results of the research show that the poet has used the earlier text, namely the Qur'an, to explain the political, doctrinal, descriptive, protest-philosophical, moral and lyrical concepts. Manuscript profile

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29 - Analysis the Syntactic Role of Adverb and Adjective in Illuminating the Genre of the Poetry: A Case Study of Literary Type of The Noon of the Tenth Day, The Footsteps of Water, The Tale of the Petrified City
Seyed Hossein Vahid arab ahmad zakri

The literary genre of narrative poetry plays an important role in communicating with audience and is vital in preserving and transferring history and culture of a nation. Poems of The Noon of the 10th Day by Aminpour, The Tale of the Petrified city by Akhavan-Sales and More

The literary genre of narrative poetry plays an important role in communicating with audience and is vital in preserving and transferring history and culture of a nation. Poems of The Noon of the 10th Day by Aminpour, The Tale of the Petrified city by Akhavan-Sales and The Footsteps of Water by Sepehri are the bases of analysis in this study. The present study formed on the basic enquiry as to how the syntactic and semantic role of “adverb and adjective” is in the three poets’ thoughts formed, what beliefs are transferred and what the stylistic parameters are. The current study implemented descriptive-analytical research method and by means of “modality in adverb and adjective” measured poet’s thought reflection in text and his positioning by analyzing the function of adverb and adjective in text. The outcomes of this study indicates that idealistic thoughts, realism and morbidity flow in these poems. These new genres of lyrical literature are considered as “subtype and as lyrical literature derivatives”. The Footsteps of Water and The Noon of 10th Day are “realistic and affective” in style but The Tale of the petrified City is “realistic” only. Aminpour’s orientation in poetry theme is an upfront one but the orientation of Sepehri and Akhavan-Sales are upfront and hidden at the same time. Manuscript profile

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30 - Utopia in Mehdi Akhavan Sales Poetry
Sadegh Falahi

The idea of Utopia or Utopian city is one of the categories that was first discussed in philosophy and then it was taken into consideration in various schools of thought and art. Utopia means a perfect and surreal land that is free from the evils and shortcomings of the More

The idea of Utopia or Utopian city is one of the categories that was first discussed in philosophy and then it was taken into consideration in various schools of thought and art. Utopia means a perfect and surreal land that is free from the evils and shortcomings of the real world and the world around us, and where human hopes and dreams are fulfilled. Such an idea gradually permeated poetry, art, and literature, and became a safe haven for many thinkers and artists. Plato officially founded the idea of Utopia, and other philosophers such as Ibn Sina, Farabi, and Khajah Nasir continued it, and then it gained influence in the field of literature, especially poetry; In such a way that the poets of Utopia can be considered the literary representatives of this philosophical category. In the utopian literature of the contemporary period, Mahdi Akhavan the third has a special and privileged place; Because he is an idealist and society-oriented poet. In this essay, it is shown that the third brotherhood is the leader of other utopian poets, both in terms of quantity and quality. Utopia-cities of the Brotherhood are either earthly or heavenly. Its earthly part is the result of the poet's unhappiness and worldly concerns, and its heavenly part is the result of his otherworldly concerns. The Third Brotherhood has presented each of these utopias in various forms and types in their poems. Since the idea of Utopia is derived from some concerns and dissatisfactions of the poet, it can be said that religion, society, man, politics and ancient Iran are the fundamental categories on which the Third Brotherhood based their utopias. has done. In this article, we examine the types of utopias and the special view of the Third Brotherhood on each of them. Manuscript profile

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31 - Comparative study of the life and poetry of Mahdi Akhavan-Sales and Salah Abdul Saboor Case Study of Winter Poet and Oghniyet alsheta
zeyne erfatpoor

Mahdi Akhavan-Sales, a prominent Iranian poet, and Salah Abdul Saboor, a prominent Egyptian poet, each have their own role in reflecting on their social realities, expressing their grumbling grudge and grudge against a society whose people are alien to social truths and More

Mahdi Akhavan-Sales, a prominent Iranian poet, and Salah Abdul Saboor, a prominent Egyptian poet, each have their own role in reflecting on their social realities, expressing their grumbling grudge and grudge against a society whose people are alien to social truths and They do not care about the position of reformist intellectuals. The purpose of this essay is to investigate the poet's life and poetry, based on the social conditions and inner spirits of the two poets, and their main concerns in the field of literature, the "winter poetry" of Akhavan-Sales and the " Abdul Saboor are analyzed and compared, and the similarities and differences between these two poems are explained to the audience through content, form, music, linguistic structure and imagery. The results of this study indicate that both the poets are experiencing the political and social conditions governing their own society, in particular, loneliness, pain and disappointment, and failure, and in their winter poetry, by using their music and linguistic capacities, their bitter experience With the difference that the Brotherhood's winter poetry reveals a failure in the social dimension with a particular pain and disorientation of hope, while Abdul Sabur  poses a defeat in the individual's dimension. Manuscript profile

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32 - Didactic and Moral function of Polysemy Elements in the Poetry of Akhavan
Sayyedeh Zahra Mousavi Zahra Bashiri

Polysemy elements are among the most practical indirect expression styles in modern poetry. These elements in traditional literature most used to express mystical contents. In the contemporary era, according to time requirements and at the same time as changes in the po More

Polysemy elements are among the most practical indirect expression styles in modern poetry. These elements in traditional literature most used to express mystical contents. In the contemporary era, according to time requirements and at the same time as changes in the poetics of poetry, an explicit and direct expression which included political, social, and critical subjects have been set aside and an ambiguous language used to the expression of these teachings. So these teachings reject from the layout of the poem to the background. The symbol is the most important artistic style of modern poets in the expression of meaning. In the present study, first, we will explain didactic literature and the place of this kind of literary element in contemporary literature and poetry and then point out the role of literary techniques and Polysemy elements, in particular, symbol, in the didactic literature and finally has discussed the didactic and ethical dimensions of the poetry of Akhavan Sales. In this research, the writers try to answer this question that What is the role of the symbol in the indirect and implicit appearance of ethical and didactic topics and what functions can be considered for that. According to this, we selected and reviewed Akhavan's new poems of the four poetry series. In the end, this result was obtained that didactic concepts in the Akhavan's poetry have more political and social aspects. Akhavan profited from symbol to expressing didactic issues. The most important functions of the symbol in this poems include: Adding to the ambiguity of the poem, Creating a coherent and deep tissue, Impact on the audience, and the movement from semantic to polysemy.   Manuscript profile

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33 - Akhavan Sāles’ Ghesseh-ye Shahr-e Sangestan: An Archetypal Critical Approach
hamidreza farzi

Archetypal literary criticism is a type of critical theory that interprets a literary text by focusing on myths and archetypes. In this paper, based on archetypal literary criticism, the poem of Ghesseh-ye shahr-e sangestan (the tale of the petrified city), composed by More

Archetypal literary criticism is a type of critical theory that interprets a literary text by focusing on myths and archetypes. In this paper, based on archetypal literary criticism, the poem of Ghesseh-ye shahr-e sangestan (the tale of the petrified city), composed by Mahdi Akhavan Sāles (1928-1990), is interpreted and analyzed. For this purpose, the archetypes of hero, death and birth, Pire Dana (wise old man), shadow, self, and archetypal symbols such as tree, cave, mountain, valley, spring, well, and the number seven are considered as main concepts. In this poem, the central archetype is “the hero-savior”, and the other archetypes are explained with respect to the main one. Also, other subjects were entertained at two phases; first, the behavior, departure, and salavation of the hero and second, the movement, separation and return in the poem.   Manuscript profile

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34 - The Discourse Analysis of Protest Poetry in the Poem of Mehdi Akhavan Sales (Based on the analysis of the discourse of Laclau and Moffe)
laleh erfanian

The study and analysis of the protest discourse of contemporary poetry, especially relying on the poetry of poets such as Akhavan Sales, indicates the unity of the conceptual and thematic system of poetry, commitment to the people, society and the common use of poetry i More

The study and analysis of the protest discourse of contemporary poetry, especially relying on the poetry of poets such as Akhavan Sales, indicates the unity of the conceptual and thematic system of poetry, commitment to the people, society and the common use of poetry in raising the voice of the people. In the Akhavan's poetry, protest motifs appear in the form of a kind of desperate attitude. As a result, his poetry was a covenant of silent and politically protesting voices in the form of a social salvation. In the present study, an attempt is made to study the discourse of protest in the poetry of the Akhavan Sales based on a descriptive-analytical method. In fact, the main issue is to recognize the consolidating and vital elements of a dominant discourse in Iranian society based on recognizing and analyzing the type and diagram of official power. According to Laclau and Moffe, everything, especially the political and social, finds meaning in the form of discourses. The Using the theory of Laclau and Moffe in the present study, it is proved that the poetry of Akhavan Sales, with its protest and libertarian themes, introduces a new identity discourse against the dominant political discourse and ideology of the second Pahlavi era. Akhavan Sales creates a new articulation with the central sign of Iran, floating signs such as patriotism, defense of freedom and justice, protest against tyranny and oppression, as well as the revival of new religious schools. Manuscript profile

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35 - Realism in new poetry
Ahmad Khiyali Khatibi Tina Niknam

realism as a creative manner, a phenomenon that at a certain stage of historical evolution of human thoughtWhen people desperately need to understand the nature and direction of social evolution found When people first, and then vaguely conscious of the fact discovered More

realism as a creative manner, a phenomenon that at a certain stage of historical evolution of human thoughtWhen people desperately need to understand the nature and direction of social evolution found When people first, and then vaguely conscious of the fact discovered The actions and thoughts of excitement caused by rogue or not the divine plan, but the real reason, or if the closer we are to the source material, appeared. Made in the impartiality of the school of real life people and entities subject to the artisans, workers and oppressed people around picks and tells their story. In this retelling of the story of the events and their natural history and the course of events without the author's written by the author to his story that broughtSoBrqydh realist writers, in fact breathe events (no fiction writer) is located. , Poets and Writers Iranians use this school and they have paid off in terms of realism to the art. poets of Iran (Ahmad Shamlou, Mehdi Akhavan, SiavashKasraei, Hamid Mosaddegh) Manuscript profile

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36 - The Background of Mysticism in Modern Poetry ( with emphasis on Akhavan Sales and Hooshang Ebtehaj )
Nader Javad Zadeghan

Abstract         Mysticism, in Persian literature, is of the main themes of poetry, and in the contemporary period and especially after the revolution, the committed poets have paid profound attention to it and the rate of belief in m More

Abstract         Mysticism, in Persian literature, is of the main themes of poetry, and in the contemporary period and especially after the revolution, the committed poets have paid profound attention to it and the rate of belief in mysticism followed by the frequency of the entrance of mystical implications, and the type of mystics' outlook at it is different. The subject of this article is to study mysticism in Persian poetry. The importance of this research is that some say the contemporary poetry has diverted from real beloved and indicates the desperation and absurdity; but the fact is other than this. To this purpose, the poetry of well-known poets of the contemporary ones have been evaluated and their mystical themes have been mentioned here. Dealing with the mystical problems, in this case, has had much acceptability in Akhavan Sales' poetry, but it is under the influence of social matters. Amir Hooshang Ebtehaj is also familiar with mystical points in the previous literature and has brought them in his poetry. However, mysticism is not in the canon of his attention. In fact his poetry contains a mild trend of mysticism. Consequently, we can judge that though these poets are not mystics, they are interested in their themes and use them in various manners in their poetry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - New epic reading in romances of Mehdi Akhavan Saless
rasool masoomi shahin ojaghalizadeh

Abstract Akhavan Saless is a poet who has rightfully earned the title of the composer of new epic alongside poets such as Siavash Kasraei and Shamlou.  His epic language is completely his own creation which is an amalgam of new and old epic and shows his mastery ov More

Abstract Akhavan Saless is a poet who has rightfully earned the title of the composer of new epic alongside poets such as Siavash Kasraei and Shamlou.  His epic language is completely his own creation which is an amalgam of new and old epic and shows his mastery over old and new texts both in prose and verse.  This article studies his works in six sections namely lexis and taxis, structure, atmosphere, figures of speech, mood, tone, and myth.  Also it examines the following aspects such as preferences for certain diction and terms, descriptive and possessive compounds, beginning and end, old grammatical structure, love and hyperbole, contradiction, meter and rhyme, the concordance of word and its meaning, praising wisdom, classification, the battle between Ahriman and Ahuramazda, narration, heroism, and victorious martyrdom. The results drawn from this study shows that Akhavan is not only the composer of epic, but also he is a poet who composes new epic with its particular characteristics.  Some of his works such as Adamak, the eighth trial, then on after the thunder, the story of Sangestan city, and epitaph and my garden are testimony to his mastery in epic composition.   Keywords Akhavan Saless, new epic, structure, figure of speech, myth.   Manuscript profile

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