میکوریزا

Open Access Article

1 - Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Rhizobium Bacteria Co-Symbiosis on Steviol Glycosides Content in Herb Plant of Stevia
M. Farid H. Mozafari E. Mohammadi Goltapeh

Introduction: Stevia might be used as a new source of sweetener but without containing sugar and is a suitable alternative to sucrose. It is important in health care and solving restrictions of sugar consumption by diabetics. Therefore the aim of this study is to evalua More

Introduction: Stevia might be used as a new source of sweetener but without containing sugar and is a suitable alternative to sucrose. It is important in health care and solving restrictions of sugar consumption by diabetics. Therefore the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium bacteria co-symbiosis on steviol glycosides content in herbal plant of stevia. Materials and Methods: The effect of mycorrhizal fungi in three and rhizobium bacteria in five concentrations were conducted on stevia through factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications in research greenhouse of the faculty of Agriculture and Food at Tarbiat Modares University. Results: The results revealed that the effect of mycorrhizal fungi, rhizobium bacteria and its interactions were significant on all characteristics. The highest percent of stevioside and rebaudioside A glycosides was gained in b0f25 and b100f50 treatments, respectively. Conclusion: It is concluded that co-symbiosis of mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium bacteria with stevia could efficiently improve the economical yield.   Manuscript profile

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2 - Variations in the transcription of wheat aquaporins in response to arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
مریم اسدالهی علیرضا ایرانبخش رحیم احمدوند ایرج مهرگان مصطفی عبادی

Aquaporins exist in almost all living organisms and play a role in regulating various physiological phenomena. Aquaporins (AQP) are not only water channels but also multifunctional membrane proteins. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of arbuscular mycor More

Aquaporins exist in almost all living organisms and play a role in regulating various physiological phenomena. Aquaporins (AQP) are not only water channels but also multifunctional membrane proteins. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis on the expressions of some aquaporin genes in wheat plants. The expression of several aquaporins, including PIP2-6, PIP2-1, PIP2-5, PIP1-3, NIP1-3, and NIP1-4 in response to the symbiosis of wheat roots with Glomus mosseae fungus was evaluated by real-time PCR method. Mycorrhizal symbiosis down-regulated the expression of PIP2-6 and PIP2-1 genes. In response to the mycorrhizal symbiosis, the expression of PIP2-5 and PIP1-3 genes also showed a similar down-regulation trend compared with the control. In contrary, mycorrhizal symbiosis up-regulated the expression of NIP1-3 and NIP1-4 genes in response to the mycorrhizal symbiosis. Statistical analysis also showed that there is a significant correlation between the expressions of the genes evaluated. There was a significant positive correlation between NIP1-3 and NIP1-4 genes, while they displayed a significant negative correlation with other target genes. There was a significant positive correlation between PIP2-6, PIP2-1, PIP2-5, and PIP1-3 genes. These results indicate that the effect of mycorrhiza can vary depending on the type of mycorrhiza. Manuscript profile

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3 - بررسی تأثیر همزیستی میکوریزایی و کاربرد کودهای آلی مختلف بر برخی از خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی زولنگ (Eryngium caeruleum)
مصطفی کوزه گر کالجی محمد رضا اردکانی

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4 - بررسی استفاده از قارچ میکوریزا با مقادیر مختلف فسفر بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی سویا (Glycine max L.) در شرایط آب و هوایی منطقه ساری
صدیقه علائی بخش مینا احمدی

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5 - The effect of Barvar-2 phosphate biofertilizer and mycorrhizal fungi along with humic acid on agronomic characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)
علی نصرالله زاده اصل

For the aim of sustainable agriculture and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, the experiment carried out by using of Barvar-2 phosphate biofertilizer and mycorrhizal fungi and humic acid on agronomic characteristics and seed yield of sunflower. This experiment was More

For the aim of sustainable agriculture and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, the experiment carried out by using of Barvar-2 phosphate biofertilizer and mycorrhizal fungi and humic acid on agronomic characteristics and seed yield of sunflower. This experiment was conducted in Chaypareh city in 2018. The experiments carried out using factorial design based on Randomized Complete Block design with three replications and two factors. The factors were as follows: The first factor humic acid in two levels (control and humic acid 10 kg.ha-1) and Second factor phosphateh fertilizer in six levels (control, Barvar-2 phosphate biofertilizer, mycorrhizal fungi, Barvar-2 phosphate biofertilizer + mycorrhizal fungi, Barvar-2 phosphate biofertilizer + mycorrhizal fungi + 100 kg.ha-1 super phosphate triple and 200 kg.ha-1 super phosphate triple). The results showed that the effect of humic acid was significant on plant height, head diameter, Number of seed per head, 100-seed weight, seed yield and harvest index were significant. The maximum grain yield (2439.98 kg. ha-1) was obtained from experiment treatment of humic acid. The effect of phosphateh fertilizer on plant height, steam diameter, head diameter, Number of seed per head, 100-seed weight and seed yield were significant. The maximum seed yield 2789.6 kg.ha-1 was obtained from experimental treatments Barvar-2 phosphate biofertilizer + mycorrhizal fungi + 100 kg.ha-1 super phosphate triple. According to the results of this experiment, using Barvar-2 phosphate biofertilizer + mycorrhizal fungi could reduce 50% super phosphate triple Manuscript profile

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6 - Effect of Mycorrhizae Species on the Quantitative and Qualitative Charachteristics of Soybean (Glycine max L.) under Different Irrigation Systems
Nadia Dorostkar Alireza Pirzad

To evaluate mycorrhizal symbiosis of soybean plants (Glycine max L. cv. Williams) under different irrigation systems, a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at Urmia University in 2015. Treatments w More

To evaluate mycorrhizal symbiosis of soybean plants (Glycine max L. cv. Williams) under different irrigation systems, a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at Urmia University in 2015. Treatments were irrigation systems (drip and sprinkler irrigation) assigned to main plots, and mycorrhizal fungi species (non-inoculated as control,Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices andSimiglomus hoi) to sub-plots. Results indicated that the highest plant height, pod weight, seed yield, 100 seed weight, number of nods per stem, biological yield, harvest index of oil, oil percent and oil yield were obtained by using drip irrigation. The highest LWR (ratio of leaf/aerial parts weight) and SPAD (chlorophyll index) were observed in sprinkler irrigation system. The significant interaction effects were exhibited variable responses of soybean plants to mycorrhizal species under irrigation systems. The highest photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll-a, -b and total chlorophyll) and carotenoids were obtained from AMF-inoculated plants under sprinkler system, regardless of fungal species. The highest leaf phosphorus belonged to inoculated plants (F. mosseae) in sprinkler irrigation system. All fungi species increased leaf protein, similarly. While the leaf potassium did not show significant differences with non-AMF inoculated control plants. Despite highest root colonization with R. intraradices under sprinkler irrigation system, colonization by all three species of fungi under both irrigation systems were higher than non-AMF inoculated soybean plants. In both irrigation systems, the ratio of fatty acids (unsaturated fatty acids which were four times higher than of saturated fatty acids) in AMF-inoculated plants were equal to that of non-mycorrhizal control soybean. Regardless of different responses of soybean plants to mycorrhizal species, biological seed and oil yields, under drip irrigation system were about 23, 53 and 84% higher than that of sprinkler irrigation system. Manuscript profile

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7 - Responses of Agronomic Characteristics of Maize and Cowpea to Mycorrhiza and Mesorrhizobial Bacteria in Intercropping
Z. Marzban M.R. Ameriyan M. Mamarabadi

To evaluate the response of agronomic characteristics of maize and cowpea to mycorrhiza and mesorrhizobial bacteria in intercropping, this study was carried out at the Research Field of Industrial Shahrood University in 2010 using a randomized complete block design with More

To evaluate the response of agronomic characteristics of maize and cowpea to mycorrhiza and mesorrhizobial bacteria in intercropping, this study was carried out at the Research Field of Industrial Shahrood University in 2010 using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were: Z: maize monocropping, B: bean monocropping, I: intercropping of maize and bean, ZM: maize monocropping + mycorrhizae, BM: bean monocropping + mycorrhizae, BB: bean monocropping + mesorhizobuim bacteria, BMB: bean monocropping + mycorrhizae + mesorhizobium bacteria, IM: intercropping + mycorrhizae, IB: intercropping +mesorhizobium bacteria and IMB: intercropping + mycorrhizal +mesorhizobium bacteria. The results showed that treatment effects on seed yield per plant, leaf chlorophyll content, dry weight of cowpea pods, dry weight of maize ear, number of seeds per earrow, totalbiological yieldinintercropping and partialland equivalent ratioof both cowpea and maizewere significant (p<0.01). The highest seed yields per plant for cowpea and maize were 10 and 108 grams in monocropping of cowpea+ mesorhizobuim and monocropping of maize+mycorrhiza treatments respectively. Highest partial LER of maize and cowpea were respectively 1.7 and 1.47 in the intercropping and intercropping+ mycorrhiza fungi and mesorrhizobium bacteria treatments. Theresultsshowed that land equivalent ratio was more than one for maize and cowpea. This indicates a positive relations between members of mixed cropping against monocrpping and superiority of intercroppingofmaizeandcowpea as compared to their monocroppings. Manuscript profile

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8 - Effect of Biofertilizer and Biochar Applications on Quantitative, Qualitative Yields and Root Characteristics of Flue-Cured Tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum L.) Under Dryland Farming Condition
Ramin Mesbah Mohammad Reza Ardakani Ali Moghaddam Farnaz Rafiei

10.30495/jcep.2021.683384

Tobacco is cultivated as a valuable crop in more than one hundred countries in different climatic conditions and plays an important role in the economies of some countries.This study was performed to evaluate the effect of mycorrhiza and azotobacter with application of More

Tobacco is cultivated as a valuable crop in more than one hundred countries in different climatic conditions and plays an important role in the economies of some countries.This study was performed to evaluate the effect of mycorrhiza and azotobacter with application of biocahr on tobacco leaf yield, root characteristics and phytochemical components under rainfed conditions for two growing seasons at 2016 and 2017 at the Research Farm of Tirtash Tobacco Research and Education Center of Mazandaran province, Iran. A factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications and three treatments was performed. Treatments consisted of biochar (B) at three levels (0, 4 and 8 ton/ha), mycorrhiza (M), and azotobacter (A) both at two levels (without and with application). Application of 4 ton/ha biocahr increased fresh yield by 26%, cured yield 26%, root dry weight 44%, root fresh weigth 37%, root length 41%, nicotine 3%, while reduced sugar content 24% and sugar to nicotine ratio by 21% as compared to zero level of biochar application. The effect of mycorrhiza and azotobacter application on tobacco leaf yield but it was not significant, however, azotobacter had the most significant effect on nicotine content (17%). There was a positive and significant correlation between root characteristics and tobacco leaf yield. Due to the lack of significant differences between levels of 4 and 8 tons per hectare of biochar in most of the evaluated traits in terms of economic approach, the use of 4 tons per hectare of biochar along with mycorrhiza and Azotobacter to reduce the adverse of low water effects in rainfed farms and ameliorate the tobacco growth is recommended. Also azotobacter application is considered as desirable factor to increase of nicotine in tobacco. Manuscript profile

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9 - The Effect of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (VAM) on Yield and Yield Components of Three Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Cultivars
A. Mehraban S.M. Moussavi Nik A. Tavassoli

To evaluate the influence of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) on yield and yield components of three sorghum cultivars, a factorial experiment based randomized complete block design with four replications was carried out in 2007, at the Agricultural Research Cente More

To evaluate the influence of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) on yield and yield components of three sorghum cultivars, a factorial experiment based randomized complete block design with four replications was carried out in 2007, at the Agricultural Research Center of Zahak, Iran. The treatments were different mycorrhiza species in three levels: without mycorrhiza (M1), Glomus etanicatum (M2) and G. mosseae(M3) and three cultivars of sorghum: local cultivars (C1), KGS25 (C2) and KGS29 (C3). The results showed that all of the traits measured were increased by inoculation of cultivars with mycorrhiza. The highest plant height (165.1 cm), stem diameter (1.61 cm), flag leaf length (27.22 cm), flag leaf width (3.67 cm) and ear width (5.00 cm) was obtained by inoculation of seed with Glumus etanicatum, and highest ear length (19.21 cm), ear number (2.51), seed number per ear (10252.11), 1000-seed weight (17.56 g) and grain yield (1967.32 kg/ha) by using Glumus mossea. The highest leaf width and length belonged to local cultivar, and the highest seed yield to KGS 29 cultivar. However, differences of other traits among sorghum cultivars were not significant. Based on the experimental results it can be concluded that highest grain yield may be obtained by inoculating seeds of KGS 29 with Glumus mossea.  Manuscript profile

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10 - Investigating the Effect of Microbial Inoculation on the Efficiency of Element Consumption and the Quality of Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) under Drought Stress
Maryam Poornajaf Mohammad Faizian Omidali Akbarpour Reza Soleimani

10.30495/JCEP.2022.1917964.1744

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of microbial inoculation on nutrient efficiency and quality of peppermint under drought stress in 2 crop years 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 in the Agricultural Research Center of Sarableh city located in Ilam province. This More

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of microbial inoculation on nutrient efficiency and quality of peppermint under drought stress in 2 crop years 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 in the Agricultural Research Center of Sarableh city located in Ilam province. This experiment was performed as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Experiment with 2 factors, including drought stress in 3 levels of full irrigation (control), 70 and 50% of field capacity in main plots and growth-promoting bacteria and mycorrhiza in 6 levels including 1-control, 2-solute isolate Siderophore solvent + drought tolerant enhancer isolate, 3- mineral phosphate solvent isolate + drought tolerant enhancer isolate, 4- siderophore solvent isolate and drought tolerant enhancer isolate + dissolution isolate Mineral phosphate and isolates were increased by drought tolerance, 5-nitroxin commercial fertilizer and 6- mycorrhiza in subplots. The results of this study showed that most menthol essential oil in the combined treatment of siderophore soluble isolates and drought tolerant isolates + mineral phosphate soluble isolates and drought tolerant isolates and stress 50% of field capacity 24.2% was obtained compared to the lowest amount, ie control and full irrigation; Showed a 26% increase. At all levels of microbial inoculation except microbial fertilizer, the highest essential oil was always obtained at a stress of 50% of field capacity. The highest yield of peppermint essential oil was obtained in the treatment of commercial microbial fertilizer in the second year at the rate of 139.2 kg.ha-1. Microbial inoculation under stress at 50% of field capacity caused a 21% increase in dry shoot yield compared to the same level of stress in control. Growth-promoting bacteria and mycorrhizae increase quantitative and qualitative yield and increase the efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus, which can have a significant effect on reducing costs and maintaining the ecosystem of agricultural systems. Manuscript profile

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11 - Effect of Mycorrhiza and Phosphate Solublizing Bacteria on Yield of Corn (Zea mays L.) (KSC 704) under Different Irrigation Regimes
Khoshnaz Payandeh Mani Mojaddam Nazli Derogar

10.30495/jcep.2019.669696

Application of mycorrhizal fungi may improve the nutritional status of the plant and increase its resistance to environmental stresses, such as deficiencies water. This research was conducted in a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with thre More

Application of mycorrhizal fungi may improve the nutritional status of the plant and increase its resistance to environmental stresses, such as deficiencies water. This research was conducted in a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Hamidieh region of Ahvaz in 2018. Treatments consisted of irrigation regimes with three levels (60, 90 and 120 mm evaporation from class A pan evaporation) assigned to main plots and combined use of mycorrhiza and phosphate stabilizing bacteriawith four levels (non application, mycorrhiza, mycorrhiza and phosphate stabilizing bacteria and Phosphate solublizing bacteria) to sub plots. The results showed that the effects of irrigation regimes and combined use of mycorrhiza and phosphorus fertilizer on leaf area index, symbiosis percent, seed number of seeds per row of corn ear, number of seeds per ear, 1000 seed weight and seed yield were significant. Mean comparisons showed that combined treatment of mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate solubilizing bacteria resulted in the maximum number of seeds per ear, number of seeds per row, 1000 seed weight and leaf area index. The highest seed yield (6400.55 kg.ha-1) was obtained from 60 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan and the combined application of mycorrhiza and phosphate solubilizing bacteria and lowest from 120 mm evaporation and without application of mycorrhiza and phosphate solubilizing bacteria. It can be concluded that combined use of mycorrhiza and phosphate solubilizing bacteria can be considered promising in growing maize for seed at this experimental region. Manuscript profile

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12 - The Role of Mycorrhiza in Drought Tolerance of Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)
Sh. Moghadasan A. Safipour Afshar F. Saeid Nematpour

To study the effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis and drought stress on marigold, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted at the Plant Research Laboratory of Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur branch in 2014. The first f More

To study the effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis and drought stress on marigold, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted at the Plant Research Laboratory of Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur branch in 2014. The first factor consisted of application and non-application of mycorrhiza (Glomus intraradices) and the second factor consisted of drought stress with three levels (irrigation based on 100%, 75% and 50% of field capacity). The results showed that growth parameters like plant height, leaf number, leaf area, root, shoot dry/fresh weight, Chla and Chlb content were significantly decreased by drought stress in both mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants. However, inoculation of plants by mycorrhizal fungus increased growth parameters and photosynthetic pigments as compared with non-mycorrhizal ones. Traits like RWC, potassium and phosphorus in response to drought stress were decreased. Inoculation of plant roots with Mycorrhizal fungi increased significantly RWC, potassium and phosphorus content of the plants under drought conditions as compared with non-inoculated plants. The results also showed the mycorrhizal symbiosis by Glomus intraradices improved drought tolerance of marigold through enhancing the absorption of water and mineral ions.   Manuscript profile

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13 - The effect of Piriformospora indica mycorrhizal fungi on growth and some physiological parameters of Coriandrum sativum
Ali Asghar Hatamnia Kobra Mosabaigi Mahin Tohidi Arash Babaei Mehdi Ghabooli

Piriformospora indica fungi stimulates the growth and increase in the host biomass through absorption of water and minerals. In order to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal fungus P. indica on growth and some physiological parameters of Coriandrum sativum, an experiment More

Piriformospora indica fungi stimulates the growth and increase in the host biomass through absorption of water and minerals. In order to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal fungus P. indica on growth and some physiological parameters of Coriandrum sativum, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design through treatment of plants inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi and control plants with 15 replications in 2015 under greenhouse conditions.The results of ANOVA indicated that the shoot length, root length, and dry weight of plants inoculated with fungi were significantly higher than control plants. Also results of analysis of variance showed that the application of P. indica increased the proline content, so that the proline content in the plants inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi was 2.09 times higher than control plants. In addition, the findings of the study suggested that inoculation of the plant with P. indica increased the contents of chlorophyll a (17%), chlorophyll b (51%), and carotenoids (25%) in comparison with the control plant, where the increase was only significant in chlorophyll b and carotenoids (P≤0.05). Generally, the results indicated that mycorrhizal symbiosis increased the growth and improved the physiological characteristics of coriander. Manuscript profile

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14 - Effects of humic acid and mycorrhiza on morphological characteristics and nutrients concentration of red bean (Vigna unguiculata L.)
Mojtaba Yousefi Rad Abolfazl Masomi Zavarian

In order to investigate the effect of interaction of mycorrhiza and humic acid on morphological characteristics, seed protein percentage, and nutrients concentration of red beans, an experiment was conducted as factorial randomized complete block design in three replica More

In order to investigate the effect of interaction of mycorrhiza and humic acid on morphological characteristics, seed protein percentage, and nutrients concentration of red beans, an experiment was conducted as factorial randomized complete block design in three replications. Research factors included mycorrhiza at three levels of control, Glomus intraradice, Glomus mossea, and also foliar application of humic acid at three levels of control, 15, and 30 mg/l. The experiment was conducted as pot and under normal and uncontrolled conditions. Measured traits included plant height, root length, number of plant pods, number of seeds in each pod, 100 seeds weight, seed protein, and nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of leaves. Application of mycorrhiza and humic acid increased measured traits except for the number of seeds in each pod and 100 seeds weight. There was no significant difference between the two strains and also levels of 15 and 30 mg/l humic acid in the studied traits. Generally, foliar application of 15 mg/l humic acid in the presence of mycorrhiza was more effective than other treatments. Manuscript profile

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15 - Effect of mycorrhiza and salicylic acid on yield and physiological parameters of maize (Zea mays)
Poria Mazloom mohsen peyman younespor Morteza Sam daliri Amir Abbas Mousavi Mirkalaei Morteza Moballeghi,

10.30495/iper.2021.679540

In order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis and foliar application of salicylic acid on yield and photosynthetic pigments of corn, an experiment was conducted in the form of split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications during More

In order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis and foliar application of salicylic acid on yield and photosynthetic pigments of corn, an experiment was conducted in the form of split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications during two cropping years 2018-2019 in the research farm of Islamic Azad University, Chalous Branch. Experimental factors included mycorrhiza species (G. mosseae), (G. geosporum), and (G. intraradices) at two levels (no consumption and consumption of mycorrhiza) and salicylic acid at two levels (no consumption and consumption of 1 mM salicylic acid). Results showed that the dual effects of mycorrhiza × year and mycorrhiza × salicylic acid had a positive and significant effect on all studied traits. The highest plant height was obtained in the treatment with G. intraradices and salicylic acid. Also, 1000 grain weight, seed yield, phosphorus, potassium, and nitrogen contents of seeds, and chlorophyll a and b levels were higher in salicylic acid foliar treatment compared with the other treatments. In general, the results showed that mycorrhizal application with salicylic acid spray increased vegetative and reproductive growth. This enhancement is due to the increase in photosynthesis index and, consequently an increase in photosynthetic materials dedicated to the development of reproductive organs, which ultimately improves corn yield. Manuscript profile

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16 - ارزیابی اثر قارچ میکوریزای Glomus etunicatum بررنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی و خصوصیات آنتی اکسیدانی گیاهچه‌های پروانش (Catharanthus roseus L.) باززایی شده طی شرایط سازگاری
سمانه رحمت زاده جلیل خارا سید کمال کاظمی تبار

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17 - واکنش اجزاء عملکرد گلرنگ به تلقیح با قارچ میکوریزا، باکتری ازتوباکتر و مصرف حاصلخیز کننده‌های شیمیایی
محمد میرزاخانی

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18 - Evaluation of L- phenylalanine foliar application and non-chemical nutritional treatments on growth characteristics and essential oil of Salvia officinalis L. under different levels of irrigation
Safoura Hasan Abadi Mohammad Reza Ardakani Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti Farzad Paknejad Davood Habibi

10.30495/ejmp.2022.1951602.1678

Drought stress is a major environmental concern worldwide that limits crop growth on a large scale, and the use of biofertilizers and amino acid spraying is important to overcome this issue to improve crop production. For this purpose, a two-year study was conducted on More

Drought stress is a major environmental concern worldwide that limits crop growth on a large scale, and the use of biofertilizers and amino acid spraying is important to overcome this issue to improve crop production. For this purpose, a two-year study was conducted on Salvia officinalis L. in the form of split-split plots in a randomized complete block design with four replications in a farm located in Kangavar city of Kermanshah province.   The treatments of this experiment were Irrigation at two levels [50 and 100% of field capacity (F.C.)] which was placed in the main plots. The sub-factor included biofertilizer with three levels (control, mycorrhiza and cow manure) in the subplots and the sub-factor included foliar application of L-phenylalanine at four levels [no foliar application (negative control), solution spraying with distilled water (positive control), spraying with concentrations of 25% and 50% L-phenylalanine]. The highest amount and yield of essential oil were related to the interaction effects of irrigation treatments of 100% field capacity + cattle manure + 50% of L-phenylalanine with amounts of 3.5% and 24.41 kg/ha, respectively. In addition, the interaction effects of irrigation treatments were 100% field capacity + mycorrhiza + 50% L-phenylalanine with values 3.6% and 23.65 kg/ha, respectively. Manuscript profile

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19 - The effect of different biochar types and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms on grain yield and agronomic traits of safflower
ebrahim heidari khosro mohammadi Babak Pasari asad rokhzadi yousef sohrabi

10.2./jpps.2022.691239

n order to study the effect of application of different biochar species and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms on soil enzymatic activity and agronomic traits of safflower during two cropping seasons of 2018 and 2019 in a part of cultivated lands of Sardorood distric More

n order to study the effect of application of different biochar species and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms on soil enzymatic activity and agronomic traits of safflower during two cropping seasons of 2018 and 2019 in a part of cultivated lands of Sardorood district of Razan, Hamedan province, an experiment as split plots on the basis of randomized complete block design with three replications was implemented. The main factor at 4 levels of biochar including: cow manure, wheat straw, wood biochar and control. The sub factors were phosphate solubilizing microorganisms included the mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus etunicatum and G. mosseae), Bacillus lentus, Pseudomonas fluorescence and control. The results of mean comparison showed that highest number of heads per plant (8.12, 8.14) and the maximum seed weight (24.60 g) were observed in mycorrhizal inoculation treatments and the lowest were in control treatment, also the highest number of heads per plant (8.26) and seed weight (24.18 g) was observed in cow manure biochar treatment. The results of mean comparison showed that the highest biological yield (5454 kg/ha) was obtained in mycorrhizal inoculation treatments. Also, application of other phosphate solubilizing bacteria increased the biological yield of safflower compared to the control treatment. Manuscript profile

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20 - Effect of Trichoderma virens and Piriformospora indica coexistence with Enterobacter sp. on the growth and photosynthetic pigments in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plant
فائزه محمدی کشکا Hemmatollah Pirdashti یاسر یعقوبیان سیده حدیثه بهاری ساروی

In order to evaluate the Effect of Trichoderma virens and Piriformospora indica coexistence with Enterobacter sp. on the growth and photosynthetic pigments in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plant an experiment was conducted during 2015 under controlled conditions. A factor More

In order to evaluate the Effect of Trichoderma virens and Piriformospora indica coexistence with Enterobacter sp. on the growth and photosynthetic pigments in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plant an experiment was conducted during 2015 under controlled conditions. A factorial experiment based completely randomized design with three replicates was used. Factors were two levels of inoculation and non-inoculation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria, Enterobacter sp., and four levels of fungi coexistence including uninoculted control, Trichorerma virens (Tv), Piriformospora indica (Pi) and Tv+Pi. The pepper seeds were inoculated with the mentioned fungi and bacteria before sowing in the sterilized soil. The pots were kept in greenhouse for four weeks and then morphological parameters (leaf number, plant height, root length and leaf area) and aerial parts fresh and dry weights along with chlorophyll a, b, a+b, a/b and carotenoid contents were determined. Results indicated that aboveground fresh weights significantly increased in Pi and Tv+Pi inoculated seeds without Enterobacter as compared to the uninoculated control. Also, coexistence of Tv+Pi and Enterobacter increased root and plant dry weights (up to 58 and 40 %, respectively) and leaf and aerial parts dry weights (more than two times and 93 %, respectively) as compared to the uninoculated control. The maximum amount of carotenoid was recorded in coexistence of Pi and Enterobacter. In conclusion, results of the present study demonstrated that there was a positive effect between the growth promoting fungi, Tv and Pi, and phosphate solubilizing rhizobacteria, Enterobacter, in terms of growth parameters of pepper plant. Manuscript profile

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21 - Evaluation of grain and oil yield changes of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) as affected by bio-fertilizers and supplementary irrigation
Nader Rahimi Jalal Jalilian Alireza Pirzad Esmaeil Gholinezhad

In order to investigate the effect of supplementary irrigation and consumption of bio-fertilizers on flaxseed, a field experiment was conducted at Urmia University as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2015-16. Main plots con More

In order to investigate the effect of supplementary irrigation and consumption of bio-fertilizers on flaxseed, a field experiment was conducted at Urmia University as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2015-16. Main plots consisted of three irrigation treatments (one and two times supplementary irrigation and rain-fed conditions) and a sub-plot in four fertilizer treatments (mycorrhiza, bio sulfur fertilizer, mycorrhiza + bio sulfur and control treatment (without fertilizer application). The results showed that two and one times supplementary irrigation compared to rain-fed treatment increased significantly grain yield to 51 and 35 percentage, respectively. The highest (788.76 kg ha-1) and lowest (394.81 kg ha-1) oil yield were obtained from two times supplementary irrigation and rain-fed conditions, respectively. Rain-fed treatment compared to supplementary irrigation cause to decrease biological yield, stem diameter, 1000-seed weight, plant height, number of seed per capsule and oil percentage. Under rain-fed conditions, inoculation with mycorrhiza, bio-sulfur and dial application of bio-sulfur and mycorrhiza fertilizer compared to control treatment (without fertilizer application) increased number of seed per capsule, 1000-seed weight, oil yield, biological yield and grain yield significantly about (15, 15 and 12), (17, 18 and 19), (32, 28 and 31), (45, 40 and 39) and (31, 26 and 28) percentage, respectively. According to the results of this study, applying supplementary irrigation especially two times irrigation and using bio fertilizers can be increase yield of flaxseed plant. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Study of Drought Tolerance of Wheat Inoculated with Mycorrhiza Fungi and its Interaction with Copper Nanoparticles
ّfatemeh taheri hesari hossain zahedi Alireza Eivazi younes sharghi Akbar Alipoor

A split-split plot field experiment using the randomized complete block design with three replicates was carried out to investigate drought tolerance of wheat inoculated with mycorrhiza fungi and its interaction with copper nanoparticles. The factors included two irriga More

A split-split plot field experiment using the randomized complete block design with three replicates was carried out to investigate drought tolerance of wheat inoculated with mycorrhiza fungi and its interaction with copper nanoparticles. The factors included two irrigation levels (optimum irrigation and deficit irrigation), two levels of fungal symbiosis (with or without a symbiotic relationship), and three spray concentrations of copper oxide nanoparticles (50, 250, and 450 ppm).The results of ANOVA revealed that Analysis of variance showed that proline content and spike/m2 were significant in irrigation regime, mycorrhiza, foliar application, and all the interaction effects of double and triple factors.The effect of irrigation regime, mycorrhiza and foliar application of copper nano oxide was effective on grain yield, but the effects and interactions of irrigation regime×foliar application, mycorrhiza×foliar application and irrigation regime×mycorrhiza×foliar application have no significate effect on that characteristic;Comparison of mean traits showed that the maximum number of spikes/m2 in mycorrhizal fungi application with50ppm copper nano oxide foliar application in optimum irrigation was780numbers.The highest hectolitre weight of wheat was related to triple interactions,optimum irrigation with fungus and foliar application of450ppm copper nano oxide that was not statistically significant effect with triple interactions,optimum irrigation without fungus and foliar application of 250ppm copper nano oxide.Maximum proline content was obtained in non-mycorrhizal fungi treatment with50ppm foliar spray under deficit irrigation (23.8mg/g fresh weight) which was statistically significant at least at5%level with other treatments. The highest grain yield (309.61g/m2) belonged to optimum irrigation treatment and minimum grain yield was observed in severe deficit irrigation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Effects of putrescine and bio fertilizers on yield and grain filling components of wheat ‎‎(Triticum aestivum L.) under salinity condition‎
alireza Mohseni Mohammadjanlou RAOUF SEYED SHARIFI Saeid Alipour

In order to study the effects of putrescine and bio fertilizers on grain filling &lrm;components of wheat under salinity condition, a factorial &lrm;experiment was conducted based on RCBD with three &lrm;replications in research greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture and More

In order to study the effects of putrescine and bio fertilizers on grain filling &lrm;components of wheat under salinity condition, a factorial &lrm;experiment was conducted based on RCBD with three &lrm;replications in research greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, &lrm;University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2018. Experimental factors were included salinity &lrm;in four levels [no-salinity as control, salinity 40, 80 and 120 mM NaCl], application of &lrm;bio fertilizers at four levels [no bio fertilizer, application of both Psedomunas and &lrm;Flavobacterim, mycorrhiza with Psedomunas and &lrm;Flavobacterim, mycorrhiza application] and putrescine foliar application &lrm;&lrm;(foliar application with water as control, foliar application of 0.5 and 1 mM putrescine. &lrm;Results showed that application of both mycorrhiza with Psedomunas and &lrm;Flavobacterim and foliar application of 1 mM putrescine increased chlorophyll index &lrm;&lrm;, yield and yield components under salinity conditions. Maximum of grain filling rate (0.00217 g.day), grain filling period and effective grain &lrm;filling period (24.1 and 35.57 days respectively), root volume and weight (0.71 g per &lrm;plant and 1.317 cm3 per plant) were obtained in application of mycorrhiza with &lrm;Pseudomonas and Flowobacterium under no salinity condition and the minimum of &lrm;values were obtained in the highest salinity level, no application of bio fertilizers and &lrm;foliar application of putrescine. Application of mycorrhiza with Pseudomonas and &lrm;Flavobacterium and foliar application of 1 mM putrescine at the highest salinity level &lrm;increased grain yield by 28.57% compared to no application of bio fertilizers and no &lrm;foliar application at the same salinity level. &lrm; Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Consideration twin use of Mycorrhiza and Azospirillum to optimizing of fertilizer application in sustainable corn cultivation
O. Alizadeh A. Alizadeh A. Khaste Khodaee

This research was done in order to find the symbiotic mycorrhiza funguses and Azospirillum bacteria as biologic fertilizer in different levels of chemical fertilizers phosphor and nitrogen on yield and yield component of corn. Experiments were done in factorial design b More

This research was done in order to find the symbiotic mycorrhiza funguses and Azospirillum bacteria as biologic fertilizer in different levels of chemical fertilizers phosphor and nitrogen on yield and yield component of corn. Experiments were done in factorial design based on RCBD with three replications when soil control condition. The treatments were selected as using chemical phosphor and nitrogen fertilizer in 3 levels (without nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers), (nitrogen 100 kg/ha and phosphor 50 kg/ha) and (nitrogen 200 kg/ha and phosphor 100 kg/ha). The Azospirillum treatments were settled in 2 levels (The usage and non usage) and Mycorrhiza treatments  in 2 levels (The usage and non usage) .The results showed that yield and yield component of corn was effected by  fertilizers treatment so that  the Azospirillum  can  significantly effect on grain yield and kernel numbers of the corn. It didn’t have any effect on 1000 kernel weight but Mycorrhiza could have a positive effect on grain yield and 1000 kernel weight (sig. 1%). It has no meaningful effect on the kernel number. Results showed that by using average of chemical fertilizers, microorganism activities increases but with increased consumption of chemical fertilizers microorganism activities were faint. In this research any negative affect and Antagonism between microorganism was not observed so that it can be used both microorganism until range of 100 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer and 50 kg/ha phosphor fertilizer without any effect on each other. Manuscript profile

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25 - بررسی همزیستی توام قارچ میکوریزای آرباسکولار و باکتری مزوریزوبیوم بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد کشت مخلوط ذرت و لوبیا چشم بلبلی
Z. Marzban M. R. Ameryan M. Mamarabadi

        In order to study the effect of mesorhizobium  bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi on the yield and yield components of corn and cow pea under intercropping, experiment was carried out in the research field of Faculty of Agricu More

        In order to study the effect of mesorhizobium  bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi on the yield and yield components of corn and cow pea under intercropping, experiment was carried out in the research field of Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology in the growing season of 2010 using RCBD design and with three replication. Experimental treatments were included in the from of monocropping and intercropping on the basis of additive series, include: zea mayzs (Z), Bean (B), Intercropping (I), Zea mays+ Mycorrhizal (ZM), Bean+ Mycorrhizal (BM), Bean + Mesorhizobuim Bacteria (BB), Bean+ Mycorrhizal + Mesorhizobium Bacteria (BMB), Intercropping + Mycorrhizal (IM), Intercropping +Mesorhizobium Bacteria(IB) Intercropping + Mycorrhizal +Mesorhizobium Bacteria (IMB). The results indicated meaningful difference regarding the characteristics such as bean seed yield, 1000 bean seed weight, and average number of corn seeds in ear, ad well ad corn seed yield and 1000 corn seed weight  under various treatments (P<0.01). However, the results did not indicate statistically meaningful difference concerning characteristics like the number of bean pods, average number of bean seed in pod, and the number of ear per plant under various treatments. Regarding bean seed, maximum yield with average weight of 3053.7 kg per hectare belonged to bean-Mesorhizobium intercropping treatment, and minimum yield with average weight of 1900.5 kg per hectare belonged to bean monocropping treatment .  Similarly, regarding corn seed, Maximum yield with average weight of 5751.9 kg per hectare belonged to corn- Mesorhizobium intercropping teartmeant and minimum yield with average weight of 2695.9 kg per hectare belonged to corn monocropping treatment. LER highest with average 2.89 obtained from treatment intercropping and the least with average 1.87 was obtained in treatment Mesorhizobium intercropping. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - The effect of biofertilizers, humic acid and superabsorbent polymer on cadmium uptake and remediation by annual medic (Medicago scutellata L.)
M. Mohammadi D. Habibi M.R. Ardakani A. Asgharzadeh

This study was carried out to investigate  the effect of single and combined inoculations of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), mycorrhiza fungi, humic acid and super absorbent polymer on growth and uptake of cadmium in annual alfalfa (Medicago scutellata More

This study was carried out to investigate  the effect of single and combined inoculations of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), mycorrhiza fungi, humic acid and super absorbent polymer on growth and uptake of cadmium in annual alfalfa (Medicago scutellata). The experiment was done at the research greenhouse of  Islamic Azad University – Karaj branch during 2009-2010 in factorial design as a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. The first factor was levels of  Cadmium [0- 40 - 80 mg kg-1 soil cadmium chloride (CdCl2)] and the second factor included treatments (inoculation of PGPR, mycorrhiza fungi, humic acid and superabsorbent polymer) separately and combined with 16 levels. Biofertilizers used in this experiment were bacterial species (Azotobacter chroococcum), (Azospirillum lipoferum) and (Pseudomonas putida) in a mixture form and  mycorrhiza fungi was (Glomus intraradices). Results showed that with increasing cadmium concentration in soil, the accumulation of cadmium in shoots and roots and available cadmium in soil increased. Interaction of factors indicated treatments b12, b13, b14 and b15 had the highest rate of Cd accumulation in shoots (62 percent higher than the control). treatments including combined use of PGPR, mycorrhiza fungi and superabsorbent polymer showed the highest cadmium uptake by the root (42.3 percent higher than control). Combined use of biofertilizers, superabsorbent polymer and humic acid increased transfer factor (TF) ,accumulation factor (AF) and enrichment coefficient (EC). Overall results indicated that application of PGPR, mycorrhiza fungi, Humic acid and superabsorbent polymer effect on Cd uptake in shoots and roots of annual medic. These materials can move toward success phytoremediation of contaminated area with heavy metals. Manuscript profile

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27 - Interaction of drought stress and zinc on yield, yield components and harvest index in maize plant mycorrhiza
N. Sajedi H. Madani

       In order to study of different levels of zinc on yield, yield components and harvest index in maize plant mycorrhiza under drought stress, an experiment was carried out in research farm of Arak Islamic Azad University in 2006. The ex More

       In order to study of different levels of zinc on yield, yield components and harvest index in maize plant mycorrhiza under drought stress, an experiment was carried out in research farm of Arak Islamic Azad University in 2006. The experiment was laied out in factorial based on RCBD with three replications. The treatments were consisted as three levels of irrigations(irrigation equal of crop water requirementcv as control, irrigation equal of 75% crop water requirement and irrigation  equal of 50% crop water requirement), inoculation with mycorrhiza fungi (Glumus intraradices) at two levels ( inoculation with and without mycorrhiza) and  zinc sulphate at three levels (0, 25 and 45 kg/ha). The result showed that, drought stress reduced harvest index, yield and yield components significantly. Effects of mycorrhiza fungi on traits of number of grain per row, number of grain per ear, ear weight and grain yield was significant. Inoculation with mycorrhiza improved measured traits as compared to treatment of without mycorrhiza not only in condition of optimum irrigation but also drought stress. Using of mycorrhiza and zinc sulfate alone in condition irrigation control increased traits of measured. It was showded that with irrigation equal 75% water requirement, inoculation with mycorrhiza and 45 kg/hazinc sulfate obtain optimum yield. Manuscript profile

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28 - Nitrogen and phosphorous use optimization in corn production with mycorrhiza and vermicompost utilization
O. Alizadeh A. Alizadeh L. Ariana

This research was don to investigate the effect of mycorrhiza and vermicompost as the biological fertilizers to compare with chemical fertilizer phosphorous and nitrogen on yield and yield component of corn. It was based on factorial in a RCBD with 3 replications when s More

This research was don to investigate the effect of mycorrhiza and vermicompost as the biological fertilizers to compare with chemical fertilizer phosphorous and nitrogen on yield and yield component of corn. It was based on factorial in a RCBD with 3 replications when soil control condition was some in 2010. Treatment were considered as using chemical fertilizer (F) in three levels of fertilizer's sources, urea, triple super phosphate and potassium include: F0 (N=0, P=0, K=0), F1 (N=70, P=50, K=30) and F2 (N=150, P=100 and K=50) kg/ha, vermicompost treatment in two levels (using V1 and non-using V0) and mycorrhiza treatment in two levels (using M1 and non-using M0) (population 105 g/spore). Results of variance analysis showed there was significant different between different levels’ interaction of vermicompost, chemical fertilizer and mycorrhiza on grain yield p=1% and there isn’t any significant difference between the kernel number and 1000 kernel weight. Comparing the average of interaction of vermicompost, mycorrhiza and chemical fertilizer showed significant difference on grain yield, that treatment V1F0M1 and V1F1M1 with averages 119.33 and 113.00 g/pot have higher amount of grain yield than teratmentV1F2M1 with average 106.33 g/plant, and treatment V1F0M0 with average 87.00 g/plant has lowest amount of grain yield. Comparing the average of vermicompost interaction, fertilizer’s level and myeorrhiza showed significant difference on the 1000 kernel weight and treatment V1F0M1 with average 168.33 g has highest weight of 1000 kernel weight and treatment V1F1M1 with average 134.67 g has lowest weight of 1000 grains. Use of mycorrhiza and vermicompost in low levels of chemical fertilizer could cause increase of yield and grain yield component but in high levels of chemical fertilizer their activity became hampered. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Evaluation of effects mycorrhiza inoculate in different levels of irrigation and nitrogen on morphological and physiological traits of corn
O. Alizade E. Majidi H. Nadian Gh. Noormohamadi M. R. Amerian

In order to investigation the effects of mycorrhiza inoculation in different  levels of irrigation and nitrogen on morphological and physiological traits of corn variety ksc 704 an experiment was carried out on factorial based on RCBD whit 3 replications. Experimen More

In order to investigation the effects of mycorrhiza inoculation in different  levels of irrigation and nitrogen on morphological and physiological traits of corn variety ksc 704 an experiment was carried out on factorial based on RCBD whit 3 replications. Experiments were done in research and education station of Islamic Azad University of Firouzabad branch in 2004. Results showed that simple effects of nitrogen, mycorrhiza, irrigation levels and interaction effect of mycorrhiza and irrigation levels and nitrogen on patterns such as plant height, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, leaf area and root length were significant. When mycorrhiza rose it caused increase of shoot and root dry matter and root/shoot ratio nitrogen fertilizer addition, increased shoot dry matter and root length of corn but also root dry matter was reduced by adding nitrogen. Root/shoot ratio and root length and percent of root colonization effected due to different levels of irrigation, in this case with increase of drought stress intensity, root length and percent of root colonization was decreased but ratio of root/shoot increased. Generally, the mycorrhiza growth response with drought stress intensity and root/shoot in mycorrhiza treatment toward check in drought stress were increased. Manuscript profile

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30 - Effect of Azotobacter and Mycorrhiza symbiosis on Protein percentage and some agronomic characteristics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
Arezou Omidi Mohammad Mirzakhani Mohammad Reza Ardekani

In order to study the effect of Azotobacter and Mycorrhiza symbiosis on protein percentage and some agronomic characteristics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), the experimental was conducted as factorial based of randomized complete block design in three replicati More

In order to study the effect of Azotobacter and Mycorrhiza symbiosis on protein percentage and some agronomic characteristics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), the experimental was conducted as factorial based of randomized complete block design in three replications during growing season of 2011-2012 in research farm of college of Arak Islamic Azad University.Treatments including of inoculated with Azotobacter in three levels (Non-inoculated, inoculation with Azotobacter-5 and inoculation with Azotobacter-12) and Glomus fungi treatment in four levels (Non-inoculated, inoculation with Glomus intraradices, inoculation with Glomus mosseae and inoculation with mixed  G.intraradices and G.mosseae).The traits such as branching height, biological yield of sub-sub boll, harvest index of sub-boll, grain yield of sub-boll, saturation water deficit and grain protein percentage were measured. Based on the results of the variance analysis table, all characters except grain yield of sub-boll were significant as affected by main effect of Azotobacter and Glomus fungi of safflower. Also interaction effect of Azotobacter and Glomus fungi were significant on traits branching height, biological yield of sub-sub boll, grain yield of sub boll, saturation water deficit and grain protein percentage of safflower. Based on the mean comparison table, of the highest biological yield of sub-sub boll (30.50 gr.plant) related to treatment A2M3(inoculation with Azotobacter-12 and inoculation with mixed G.intraradices and G.mosseae)that showed significant differences, while the same treatment showed higher rates in grain protein content of safflower (19.44%). Also, highest grain yield of sub boll equal to (44.33 gr.plant) was obtained from treatment A1M3 (inoculation with Azotobacter-5 and inoculation with mixed G.intraradices and G.mosseae)   and lowest equal to (33.28 gr.plant) was obtained from treatment A0M0 (non-inoculated with Azotobacter and Glomus fungi).   Manuscript profile

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31 - The effects of biological and chemical fertilizers to use salicylic acid on morphological characteristics and yield of corn
Federa Taheri Oshtrinani Amin Fathj

In order to examine the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers with the use of salicylic acid on the agronomic characteristics of corn as a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station in 2 More

In order to examine the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers with the use of salicylic acid on the agronomic characteristics of corn as a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station in 2011 was Boroujerd. Factors examined included three levels of phosphorus fertilizer (0, 100 and 150 kg ha), two levels of biological fertilizer (mycorrhizal fungi) (seed inoculation and seed inoculation) and two levels of salicylic acid (0/5 and 1 mM), respectively. The results showed that phosphorus fertilizer and mycorrhizal significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, ear length, ear diameter, grain yield and biological yield, respectively, with the application of 150 kg P ha grain yield of 9006 kg was found that 48% More the treatment of non-usage. In the case of seed inoculation with mycorrhiza on the amount of 8412 kg per hectare, respectively, which was 24% higher than the treatment of non-inoculated seeds. Salicylic acid has a significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, ear length, ear diameter, grain yield and biological yield and harvest index. The application of 1 mM salicylic acid yield of 8316 kg per hectare, respectively, which was 24% higher than the treatment of non-use. Phosphorus and mycorrhiza interaction on grain yield and biological yield was significant. Salicylic acid and phosphorus interaction and effect on yield only three treatments was significant. Manuscript profile

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32 - Effect of Pseudomonas strains on grain yield and nutrients absorption of Barley under mycorrhiza fungi application
علی Bashirzade M.H Ansari

Barley is one of the most cultivated plants in Iran's dryland. Ardebil province is one of the areas where the production of barley has been successful. But one of the problems for farmers in these areas is the high cost and negative aspects of the use of chemical fertil More

Barley is one of the most cultivated plants in Iran's dryland. Ardebil province is one of the areas where the production of barley has been successful. But one of the problems for farmers in these areas is the high cost and negative aspects of the use of chemical fertilizers. Today, the application of some microorganisms in farms is important as an alternative to chemical fertilizers. A factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in two years at experimental farm of Ardebil Islamic Azad University. The experimental factors included mycorrhiza fungi application (application of Rhizophagus irregularis and non-application) and four strains of Pseudomonas strains (strains of S153, S169, S4, S8 and control). The results of analysis of variance showed that the interaction of Pseudomonas × mycorrhiza on the most traits was significant. Detection of shoot nitrogen concentration at different stages of plant growth showed that the highest nitrogen concentration was observed at the flag leaf emergence stage and Pseudomonas strains showed higher nitrogen concentrations under mycorrhizal application. Co-inoculation mycorrhiza-pseudomonas, while increasing mycorrhizal colonization, nitrogen concentration, Phosphorus, potassium, iron and manganese increased significantly. In addition, the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase in the root rhizosphere increased in plants under inoculum with Pseudomonas under mycorrhizal application condition. In this experiment, the maximum grain yield was 1572 kg ha-1 in the first year and 2239 kg ha-1 in the second year was obtained from co-inoculation treatment of mycorrhizal fungus + S4 strain. According to the results, although in most of the measured traits, inoculum treatments were superior to control, the application of mycorrhizal fungus also increased the bacterial inoculation efficiency and, in addition to increasing the elements concentration in grain, also the grain yield increased. Therefore, for barley farming in Ardabil rainfed conditions, inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens strain S4 is recommended under the use of mycorrhiza fungi. Manuscript profile

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33 - Effect of two Mycorrhiza Fungi Species on Yield, Yield Components and Some of Physiological Traits of Three Irrigated Wheat Cultivars in Khorram Abad Climate Conditions
Negar Yaqubi Manouchehr Sayyah far

In order to investigate the effect of inoculation of different species of mycorrhizal fungi on yield, yield components and morphological characteristics of wheat cultivars, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replication More

In order to investigate the effect of inoculation of different species of mycorrhizal fungi on yield, yield components and morphological characteristics of wheat cultivars, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in a research field of Cerebryan Agricultural Research Station, Chenghai, Khorramabad It was run 5 km from the province. The tested factors included cultivar (in three levels of Chamran 2, Mehregan and Susha) and inoculum with mycorrhiza (in four levels including inoculation, insemination with Glomus Intardissis, inoculation with Glomus mosaicum and inoculation with both species of fungi. The results of this study showed that for quantitative and qualitative yield, inoculation with both species of fungi could be appropriate in Shoush cultivar in Khorramabad region.The tested factors included cultivar (in three levels of Chamran 2, Mehregan and Susha) and inoculum with mycorrhiza (in four levels including inoculation, insemination with Glomus Intardissis, inoculation with Glomus mosaicum and inoculation with both species of fungi. The results of this study showed that for quantitative and qualitative yield, inoculation with both species of fungi could be appropriate in Shoush cultivar in Khorramabad region. Manuscript profile

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34 - Response of agronomic indices, quality and quantity yield of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) to the integrated application of bio-chemical phosphorus fertilizers
Javad Hamzei Afshar Azadbakht Seyed Mohsen Seyedi Farshid Sadeghi Saeid Najari

The aim of this research was to evaluate the response of agronomic indices and quality and quantity yield of fennel to integrated application of bio-chemical phosphorus fertilizer. So, ten treatments (factorial combination of application and non-application mycorrhiza w More

The aim of this research was to evaluate the response of agronomic indices and quality and quantity yield of fennel to integrated application of bio-chemical phosphorus fertilizer. So, ten treatments (factorial combination of application and non-application mycorrhiza with five levels of zero, 300, 600, 900 and 1200 mg phosphorus per pot) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (CRBD) with three replications. Effect of treatments on plant height, number of branches per plant, number of umbel per plant, number of umbelest per umbel, number of seed per umbel, number of seed per umbelest, grain yield, biological yield and percent and essential oil yield was significant. According to means comparison, the highest value of plant height (75cm), number of umbel per plant (35umbel), number of seed per umbel (325 seed), grain yield (16 gr per plant), biological yield (35 gr per plant), essential oil percent (2.71%) and essential oil yield (0.43 gr per plant) were achieved at mycorrhizal plants with application of 300 mg phosphorus. But, number of seed per umbelest with comparison to the control treatment (without application of chemical or bio fertilizer) decreased. In general, results showed that integrated application of biological and chemical phosphorus fertilizers improved quantity and quality traits of fennel and decreased consumption of chemical phosphorus fertilizer which is in agreement with the sustainable production of medicinal plants and safe environment. Manuscript profile

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35 - Effect of inculation with Mycorrhizal species and Azotobacter chroococcum on Grain yield and Phenological Phases of Red Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes
Hadi Khavari Ghodratollah Shakarami

In order to study the effect of inculation with Mycorrhizal and Azotobacter on Seed yield and Phenological Phases of Red Bean Genotypes an experiment was performed in a farm located in Lorestan Beiranshahr in crop year 2016, The factorial experiment arranged base on ran More

In order to study the effect of inculation with Mycorrhizal and Azotobacter on Seed yield and Phenological Phases of Red Bean Genotypes an experiment was performed in a farm located in Lorestan Beiranshahr in crop year 2016, The factorial experiment arranged base on randomized complete block design with four replications. Parameters studied were include inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi species (Glomus etunicatum, G. Intraradices, G. mossea) at two levels (inoculated and no inoculated), inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum bacteria (Azotobacter chroococcum Strain 15) at two levels: (inoculated and non-inoculated) and red bean Genotypes (Landrace Beiranshahr, Akhtar and Goli varieties). The results showed that Azotobacter effect on day to grain filling, the dual effect of mycorrhizal*genotypes on days to maturity and day to pod formation and three factor interaction on seed yield significant and positive, respectively. The highest seed yield (298.90 kg. ha-1) in effet of three factor inculation Mycorrhizal*Azotobacter*Goli varietiy with plant form progressive and unlimited growth, Obtained. Also The highest Mycorrhizal response and Mycorrhizal dependent (15.59 and 13.49 percent) respectively in Mycorrhizal and Azotobacter inculation*Goli varietiy and the lowest percentage Mycorrhizal response and dependent (3.56 and 3.43 percent) respectively in Mycorrhizal and Azotobacter inculation*Akhtar varietiy, Obtained. The results showed that the Mycorrhizal symbiosis, or mycorrhizal dependency until the Development Roots Provides It's possible for host plants Access to more levels of soil own again and the spread of absorbency levels roots network Hefei, Improved absorption of water and nutrients and ultimately result in Cause increased growth and yield Mycorrhizal plants. Manuscript profile

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36 - Study the Effects of Application of Vermicompost and Mycorrhiza Inoculation on Growth and Yield Parameters of Wheat under Drought Stress Conditions
Allah Bakhsh Safari Mohammad Mirzaei Heydari

Present study was conducted for evaluation of the effect of vermicompost (VC) and mycorrhiza on growth and yield and biochemical traits of wheat under drought stress conditions in greenhouse. Factors include three levels of irrigation, three VC levels (0, 3 and 6 percen More

Present study was conducted for evaluation of the effect of vermicompost (VC) and mycorrhiza on growth and yield and biochemical traits of wheat under drought stress conditions in greenhouse. Factors include three levels of irrigation, three VC levels (0, 3 and 6 percent) and application and non-application of mycorrhiza. Results of present study showed positive and significant impact of vermicompost and mycorrhiza inoculation on wheat growth traits under drought stress conditions. Also, According to results Highest grain yield by 4.22 ton/ha achieved in control level of drought stress and application 6 percent VC and mycorrhiza and lowest amount obtained in non-application of mycorrhiza and VC by 2.89 ton/ha. Results showed that application of vermicompost and mycorrhiza inoculation caused to increasing proline content in plant and consequently increase in plant resistance to drought conditions which was evident in wheat plant yield and yield components. Organic fertilizers due to long term impacts on soil properties, providing micro- and macro nutrients and maintenance of soil biological properties could be economic and compensate production cost of bio-fertilizers and so make possible continuous and optimal use of agricultural land possible. Manuscript profile

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37 - Study the Effects of Application of Vermicompost and Mycorrhiza Inoculation on Growth and Yield Parameters of Wheat under Drought Stress Conditions
Allah Bakhsh Safari Mohammad Mirzaei Heidari

Present study was conducted for evaluation of the effect of vermicompost (VC) and mycorrhiza on growth and yield and biochemical traits of wheat under drought stress conditions in greenhouse. Factors include three levels of irrigation, three VC level (0, 3 and 6 percent More

Present study was conducted for evaluation of the effect of vermicompost (VC) and mycorrhiza on growth and yield and biochemical traits of wheat under drought stress conditions in greenhouse. Factors include three levels of irrigation, three VC level (0, 3 and 6 percent) and application and non-application of mycorrhiza. Results of present study showed positive and significant impact of vermicompost and mycorrhiza inoculation on wheat growth traits under drought stress conditions. Also, According to results Highest grain yield by 4.22 ton/ha achieved in control level of drought stress and application 6 percent VC and mycorrhiza and lowest amount obtained in non-application of mycorrhiza and VC by 2.89 ton/ha. Results showed that application of vermicompost and mycorrhiza inoculation caused to increasing proline content in plant and consequently increase in plant resistance to drought conditions which was evident in wheat plant yield and yield components. Organic fertilizers due to long term impacts on soil properties, providing micro- and macro nutrients and maintenance of soil biological properties could be economic and compensate production cost of bio-fertilizers and so make possible continuous and optimal use of agricultural land possible. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - Effect of cattle manure and mycorrhiza on growth physiological indices of naked seed pumpkin in different moisture conditions
Mohsen Yousefi Jahanfar Daneshian

AbstractDetection of medicinal plants growth under different irrigation conditions and drought stress can be a guide to planting resistant plants in arid or low water areas. In order to evaluate the effect of manure and mycorrhizal fungi on physiological indices of grow More

AbstractDetection of medicinal plants growth under different irrigation conditions and drought stress can be a guide to planting resistant plants in arid or low water areas. In order to evaluate the effect of manure and mycorrhizal fungi on physiological indices of growth of naked seed pumpkin seedlings (cucurbita pepo L.) in underwater stress conditions, a split factorial in randomized complete block design with four replications in spring and summer 2009 The research center of Faizabad, Qazvin Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, was conducted. Irrigation at three levels including: I1 = 60, I2 = 120 and I3 = 180 (millimeter evaporation from a class A evaporation pan) in the main plots that were applied in the pre-flowering stage and the manure factor was at three levels: 0, 15 and 30 ton/ha, along with mycorrhizal fungi in two levels (application and non-application) in subplots. The results of four sampling stages showed that application of 30 tons per hectare of manure and application of mycorrhiza in dry matter conditions increased dry matter, relative growth rate and growth rate of crop. Also, after applying stress, physiological indices decreased. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - Effect of Organic Fertilizers, Mycorrhiza and Tillage on Yield and Uptake of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Seed, Leaves and Soil under Maize Cultivation
Alireza Feilinezhad Mohammad Mirzaeiheydari Farzad Babae Abbas Maleki Mahmood Rostami nia

The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of tillage, organic fertilizers and mycorrhiza on quantitative traits and nutrient uptake in maize. The experiment was performed as a split plot with 4 replications in a randomized complete block design in A More

The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of tillage, organic fertilizers and mycorrhiza on quantitative traits and nutrient uptake in maize. The experiment was performed as a split plot with 4 replications in a randomized complete block design in August of the crop year 2017 and 2018 in Ivan city in Ilam province. Tillage at 3 levels (no tillage, tillage to a depth of 10 cm and tillage to a depth of 30 cm), organic fertilizer at 3 levels (no use, vermicompost 30 tons per hectare and bovine manure 30 tons per hectare) and mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and it was by soil inoculation method (consumption and non-consumption). In a minimal tillage system, seed yield was 7053.2 kg ha-1, an increase of 21% compared to the least amount of tillage-free treatment. In the minimum tillage system and the consumption of cow manure, the highest grain yield was obtained in the amount of 8198.2 kg ha-1. The interaction of mycorrhizae and tillage on grain yield was significant. In the case of minimal tillage and mycorrhizae, the maximum grain yield was707.1 kg ha-1, which was significantly different from the treatment without tillage and deep in both mycorrhizal and non-amycorrhizal states. According to the results obtained in this study, it was found that soil application at least relative to the deep system has increased plant yield. Manuscript profile

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