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Open Access Article
1 - Misunderstanding of Historical Accounts: Myth of Uraynib
عبدالرحیم قنواتDiscussing and presenting the views about the personality of Imam\ussain and his rising and martyrdom, one will come across the storyof a woman who was loved by Yazīd. So, Mu#awīya, deceived thewoman's husband to divorce her in order to marry his son. When themessenger MoreDiscussing and presenting the views about the personality of Imam\ussain and his rising and martyrdom, one will come across the storyof a woman who was loved by Yazīd. So, Mu#awīya, deceived thewoman's husband to divorce her in order to marry his son. When themessenger of Mu#awīya was on his way to propose her for Yazīd,Imam \ussain also asked him to question if she is willing to accepthis offer for marriage. The woman preferred Imam \ussain. After awhile, without marrying her, Imam \ussain sent back the woman toher husband and said that his aim was protection of his wife.Consequently, the purpose of Yazīd was not fulfilled. In some casesthe importance of this history has been related to the rise andmartyrdom of Imam \ussain. In this article various historical reportsare reconsidered and try to evidence the fact. Manuscript profile -
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2 - -A’lams in a Nahdj al-Balāghah Sermon: A Study on ʿAlāa Ibn Ziyād and ʿAaṣim Ibn Ziyād
Seyed Hassan Mahdikhani SarvijahSharif Raḍi (d. 406 AH) has mentioned two people: ʿAlaa bin Ziyad Harithi as a wealthy person and ʿAaṣim bin Ziyad Harithi as an ascetic who have been preached by Imam ʿAlī (AS) in one of the sermons of Nahj al-Balāghah. The present study has analyzed the content of the MoreSharif Raḍi (d. 406 AH) has mentioned two people: ʿAlaa bin Ziyad Harithi as a wealthy person and ʿAaṣim bin Ziyad Harithi as an ascetic who have been preached by Imam ʿAlī (AS) in one of the sermons of Nahj al-Balāghah. The present study has analyzed the content of the sermon and the persons mentioned in it based on the news and reports of historical, rijali, hadith and literary sources. ʿAaṣim Ibn Ziyad Harithi, and ʿAlaa Ibn Ziyad Harithi, are unknown in history, and Sharif Raḍi, and his predecessors and successors, have confused Ala Ibn Ziyad ʿAdavi (d. 94 AH) with ʿAaṣim Ibn Ziyad; Also, Sharif Raḍi and some others have mistakenly named ʿAlaa Ibn Ziyad Harithi, instead of Rabi Ibn Ziyad. In addition, it seems that the original report is related to Hasan al-Baṣri, but it is attributed to Imam ʿAlī (AS) in Nahj al-Balāghah and other sources. Manuscript profile -
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3 - The Confrontation between AlÊ(PBUM) and Mu’awÊya in The Narrations of Uthm§nÊyya and Ibn TaymÊyya: A Comparative Study
Sayyed Ali Khirkhah Alavi Nimatullah Safari Foroushani Abdollah Farrahi Osman YousephiThe Idea of Uthmaniyya and its development in all Islamic norms and sciences, including history, led to the formation of the Uthmaniyya school of historiography. Later, Ibn Taymiyya introduced his views to the Islamic community by presenting his views on events su MoreThe Idea of Uthmaniyya and its development in all Islamic norms and sciences, including history, led to the formation of the Uthmaniyya school of historiography. Later, Ibn Taymiyya introduced his views to the Islamic community by presenting his views on events such as “Imam Ali's reign”. Using the descriptive-analytical method and with a comparative approach, this research seeks to achieve a deeper understanding of their tendencies by examining the differences and similarities between the historiography of Uthmaniyya and Ibn Taymiyya. The results of the studies indicated that the Uthman historians tried to present an unrealistic Image of the confrontation between Imam Ali and Mua’wiya for their audience by distorting some reports. In the meantime, Ibn Taymiyya also in many cases was agree with Uthman historians, and in some cases such as the role of Imam Ali(PBUM) in the sedition of Uthman, adopted an approach that contradicts their historical foundations Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - An Analysis of Nahj-ol-Balagha's illustration of the Culture of insight and exercise of Muslim Commanders
Reza jafari Tahereh HojatizadehIntroduction & Objective: Considering that one of Nahjolbalaghe's illustrations is the depiction of a dominant culture of intellectual insight and practical action of Muslim commanders in battlefields and other fields, and also culture, the index of the score of dif MoreIntroduction & Objective: Considering that one of Nahjolbalaghe's illustrations is the depiction of a dominant culture of intellectual insight and practical action of Muslim commanders in battlefields and other fields, and also culture, the index of the score of different groups of human beings from each other in recognizing them from other spectra Or groups like in other societies, Some of the cultural aspects of Islamic commanders in the field of thought and deed with a rhetorical and literary approach from the perspective of the Balochi. Research method: Data gathering was carried out by library method; its tool for gathering data; configuring; setting the results in the form of tables and analyzes of the findings was descriptive. findings: The components and attributes of Imam Ali (AS) for the commanders and managers are mentioned in 25 letters of the Nahj-e-Balaghah letters. Regardless of the features and attributes that have semantics in spite of the difference in the word, from the point of view of the Prophet's (PBUH) rulers, 130 characteristic features are central to the characteristics and characteristics of the Muslim commanders in the Islamic state, and these characteristics should be the basis of their manner and manner in performing their duties and homework against God and the Imam and the Wisdom of the time, in the face of subordinates and in the face of enemies in different situations, these features are presented in the form of tables in the text of the article. Conclusion: The essence of the culture dominating the insight and actions of Muslim commanders are components such as piety, femininity, decency, admirability, decency, justice, kindness, wisdom, purity, wisdom, cultivation, tolerance, amenity, subtlety, law Femininity, efficiency, courage, warfare and courage that illustrated the very essence of this culture. Manuscript profile -
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5 - An Analysis of the Theoretical Foundations of Ethics in Nahj al-Balaghah as Components Affecting National Culture
Reza jafariIntroduction & Objective of the research: Nahj al-Balaghah is one of the trusted sources of all Islamic sects in which scientific and literary, mystical and philosophical, theological and doctrinal, cultural and moral fields, etc. are contained; Hence, from the time MoreIntroduction & Objective of the research: Nahj al-Balaghah is one of the trusted sources of all Islamic sects in which scientific and literary, mystical and philosophical, theological and doctrinal, cultural and moral fields, etc. are contained; Hence, from the time of its compilation until now, it has always been the focus of thinkers with various intellectual and doctrinal tastes and mixes. One of the neglected topics is the "theoretical foundations of ethics in Nahj al-Balaghah" which, despite the multiplicity of research in the field of practical ethics of Nahj al-Balaghah, this issue has received less attention. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study is to analyze the theoretical foundations of ethics in Nahj al-Balaghah as an influential component on national culture.Research Method: The general approach of the study was a qualitative type of content analysis and the method of data Findings: Theoretical foundations of ethics in Nahj al-Balaghah, on belief in God and the wisdom of His legislative system, certainty in resurrection, reward and punishment of deeds, attention to the world as a means to build a happy hereafter, not as a purpose The ultimate and attention to the inherent dignity of man and the avoidance of anything that impairs this inherent dignity, is based on the fact that attention to these principles is effective in building a society free of moral vices and, consequently, the promotion of national culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Mystical Stations and States in the Quotes from Imam Ali in Sufi Literature from the Beginning up to the 11th Century
zahra ebrahimi ابوالفضل MahmoudiSufism has designated the stages and processes involved in the levels of the sufist’s progression under the rubric of Station. In the light of the revered place that Imam Ali (PBUH) holds in Islam, leading texts on Sufism quote the Imam frequently touching these s MoreSufism has designated the stages and processes involved in the levels of the sufist’s progression under the rubric of Station. In the light of the revered place that Imam Ali (PBUH) holds in Islam, leading texts on Sufism quote the Imam frequently touching these stages and levels. Sufists have rightly recognized that some of Imam’s revered remarks are open to a mystic interpretation. Mystics have had access to Imam’s legacy of quotes and remarks through either official sources of quotes or the traditional orally handed ones. The latter source has especially fed into certain meanings and lines that have no precedent even in Shiite sources and texts; it is a remarkable source to get to know the revered Holy Imam. Statistically speaking, the legacy of Imam’s quotes and remarks in all of its coverage of concepts and meanings has provided the one dependable source of reference for concepts to do with Stations and most expressions concerning States. Nevertheless, in view of the sheer number of schools of thought developed in Sufism, the book Al-luma’ fi al-tasawwuf will act as the mainstay and frame of reference in this study. Manuscript profile -
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7 - Imām ʻAli in Sufi Literature (With an Emphasis on the Sufi Texts up to the 12 C.E.)
زهرا Ebrahimi ابوالفضل MahmoudiIn Sufi literature there are important materials on Imam Ali's life and teachings so one can consider Sufi literature as a proper source for knowing him. With an emphasis on four important aspects this essay tries to describe the place of Imam Ali in the Sufi texts. The MoreIn Sufi literature there are important materials on Imam Ali's life and teachings so one can consider Sufi literature as a proper source for knowing him. With an emphasis on four important aspects this essay tries to describe the place of Imam Ali in the Sufi texts. These four aspects are as follows: 1) the description of Imam Ali’s character according to traditions used by Sufis, 2) the relationship of Imam Ali with the other Caliphs, 3) miracles that ascribe to him, 4) Sufis' experiences of meeting Imam on dreams. It should be noted that all the above-mentioned aspects are based on the Sufi texts up to the twelve century C.E. The essay leads to the conclusion that Sufis’ perception and understanding of the Imam’s status is to a large extent close to Shi'ite understanding of Imam Ali, and it is on this ground that one can increasingly emphasize the closeness of Sufism and Shi'ism. Manuscript profile -
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8 - "Khutbah al-Bayān" and the Ecstatic Utterances of the Sufis (shaths)
رضا اسدپور"Khutbah al-Bayān" is a sermon ascribed to Imam Alī which consistsof a group of rhythmical sentences which begin with the pronoun "I". Itdescribes Imam Alī as a Perfect Man, who is ready to annihilate in God(fanā’). Since "Khutbah al-Bayān" is similar to the Suf More"Khutbah al-Bayān" is a sermon ascribed to Imam Alī which consistsof a group of rhythmical sentences which begin with the pronoun "I". Itdescribes Imam Alī as a Perfect Man, who is ready to annihilate in God(fanā’). Since "Khutbah al-Bayān" is similar to the Sufis' ecstaticutterances (shaths), it has been welcomed by the followers of theesoteric sects of Islam, some groups of Shi‘ites and Sufis. On the otherhand, there are some other Muslims, specially the opponents of theSufis, who do not recognize in the originality and authority of thissermon. Therefore, there have been diverse viewpoints about "Khutbahal-Bayān" in the Muslim world.This essay begins with a bibliographical account of the "Khutbahal-Bayān" in accordance with typological divisions; it then, surveys thedifferent versions of the sermon and finally deals with the history of the"Khutbah" and its relation with the shaths. In doing so, this essay triesto explain the multiple meanings of the shaths and observe thebackground of this concept in Sufism. Therefore the viewpoints ofRūzbihān Baqlī other of the exegetes of the "Khutbah" such asMīrsharīf Nuqtawī, Dihdār Shīrāzī, ‘Abd al-Samad Hamadānī, RāzDhahabī and Mīrzā Qumī are mentioned. Finally, this essay comes tothis conclusion that "Khutbah al-Bayān" could be treated as a shath. Manuscript profile -
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9 - COMPARISON OF THE POINTS OF VIEW OF IMAM ALI (AS) ON WORLD IN NAHJ-OL-BALAGHE WITH THOSE OF MEVLANA IN MATHNAVI
Habib Jadidol EslamiThere is no doubt that the whole world and whatever in it is created to the direction of perfection; thus if enjoying the world is to the direction of perfection it is in fact the introduction to the perfection. In Imam Ali’s point of view the mater MoreThere is no doubt that the whole world and whatever in it is created to the direction of perfection; thus if enjoying the world is to the direction of perfection it is in fact the introduction to the perfection. In Imam Ali’s point of view the materialistic world is indecent if one pays attention to its impermanent longings and its material is not used to the direction of the satisfaction of the blessed divine. From Mevlana’s point of view the world is like a witch whose enchanting misleads you. It is like a prison in which one is captured. They believe the seeker of the eternity is the happy one and the seeker of impermanence is the one caught in adversity. Manuscript profile -
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10 - Seizing the Opportunity in Saadi's Golestan & Boustan and Comparison to Nahj al-Balagha
Hossein Ali Mousa Zadeh Seyyed Mahmoud Seyyed Sadeqi Seyyed Jafar HamidiThe present literary research studies seizing the opportunity. The subject which is of special importance from theorists and psychologist by choosing another name: time management. Saadi is well – known of his ethical advises. In accordance with the results of the MoreThe present literary research studies seizing the opportunity. The subject which is of special importance from theorists and psychologist by choosing another name: time management. Saadi is well – known of his ethical advises. In accordance with the results of the present paper, he paid special attention to seizing the opportunity in his Golestan & Boustan and knows it as an essential to enjoy the eternal and mortal life. This paper attempts to compare Saadi's point of view with Imam Ali and describe it with today's successful psychologists' logic. Manuscript profile -
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11 - A study of the dignity of Imam Ali (AS) in the poems of Movlana Jalaluddin Balkhi
Aria Gholam Ali Vahideh DadashzadehDignities and miracles have been among the topics discussed in the works of Persian writers and poets. Ever since Sanai entered practically mysticism into poetry and the ground was provided for the emergence of great mystics and poets, poetry has become a manifestation MoreDignities and miracles have been among the topics discussed in the works of Persian writers and poets. Ever since Sanai entered practically mysticism into poetry and the ground was provided for the emergence of great mystics and poets, poetry has become a manifestation of the qualities and virtues of great religious and national personalities. In the meantime, the position of Imam Ali (as) as a religious figure is undeniable. The mystical works of Imam Ali (AS) in the works of mystics and poets became the source of poetic inspiration and writing of this group of society. Movlana as one of the prominent mystics and poets has played a role in the expansion of Islamic mysticism, and studying his works can be a way to better understand the nuances of this field. This article intends to study the dignities of Imam Ali (AS) in the works of Movlana Jalaluddin Rumi in a descriptive-analytical method. This study shows that despite the fact that Movlana is Sunni, he has a sincere devotion to Imam Ali (AS) and has always mentioned his dignities in his poems and the content of his words. Manuscript profile -
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12 - Alavi's biography in the war regarding Nahj al-Balaghah and the poem of Abd al-Masih al-Antaki
Nematullah HassaniThe personality of Imam Ali (as) is so high that its description has gone beyond the scope of the Shiite religion and has made great scholars from other schools and religions to wonder and bow. Among them is Abd al-Masih Antaki, a contemporary Christian writer and poet MoreThe personality of Imam Ali (as) is so high that its description has gone beyond the scope of the Shiite religion and has made great scholars from other schools and religions to wonder and bow. Among them is Abd al-Masih Antaki, a contemporary Christian writer and poet with a poem in five thousand six hundred verses. This research investigates and reveals the biography and opinion of Imam Hammam and the views of this Christian writer in some important dimensions and examples of war and jihad, including courage, warfare, prudence, vigilance, wise peace and observance of divine principles by exploring the Nahj al-Balaghah and the poems of Abd al-Masih Antaki. According to the Qur'an, since the path of God is the path of human growth, jihad for the sake of God is to place human beings on the path of perfection and growth. Unlike other wars, which are often aimed at the material interests of certain individuals or groups, in the Alavi style or true Islam, the ultimate intention and goal in war is only the pleasure of God. Manuscript profile -
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13 - "Afterwards's" features in Verses and Narrations from Communions View Point
Hashem Andisheh Ahmad Abedi Fatemeh Danesh PazhouhWaqia's tenth verse is called Afterwards (Al Sabequn) because this term has been applied in it. Al Sabequn are the ones who not only are pioneer in faith but also in good deeds and humanistic ethics. They are role model for people and that's why are very close to Mighty MoreWaqia's tenth verse is called Afterwards (Al Sabequn) because this term has been applied in it. Al Sabequn are the ones who not only are pioneer in faith but also in good deeds and humanistic ethics. They are role model for people and that's why are very close to Mighty Lord. If Al Sabequn in Islamic traditions are interpreted as Imam Ali who was one of the first Moslems thus this is the clear and obvious of its signs. The present paper initially studies the reason of tenth verse of Waqia's descent and then it expresses the history and background of Al Sabequn; finally it describes their features from communions' view point and in their verses and traditions. Manuscript profile -
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14 - A Study on Uprising of Zayd ibn Ali and its Effect on Spreading Shiism Process
Seyyed Hasan Ghoreishi Carbon Ali Akbar Razzaqi Seyyed Abolfazl Razavi Zahra GhanbarimaleUndoubtedly, one of the Quran readers and interpreters of the Divine Book who has a special status among the readers and commentators of Qur'an is Zayd ibn Ali. His works show that he has written many books in this field and has been titled as "Halif Al Qur'an" (Vo MoreUndoubtedly, one of the Quran readers and interpreters of the Divine Book who has a special status among the readers and commentators of Qur'an is Zayd ibn Ali. His works show that he has written many books in this field and has been titled as "Halif Al Qur'an" (Votary to Quran) and indicates his constant connection with Qur'an. He also has a famous reading that some of the scholars have collected them in an independent book. The uprising of Zayd which is originated from the Verses of Qur'an, is the first uprising against the Umayyads by the family of Imam Ali after the event of Karbala in Islamic lands. Sadat Hassani and Sadat Hosseini also revolted and protested inspired by the mentioned uprising against Umayyads and Abbasids. Therefore, the present research intends to determine the estate of Zayd Ibn Ali’s uprising by enjoying Quranic learnings initially and then express the effect of this uprising on spreading Shiism process and the method is descriptive – analytical. Manuscript profile -
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15 - The opinions of the commentators of the Quran In recognition of "Treason Dabh”
Mohammadreza Hajiesmaili Faeze AliasgariSharifeh verse of "...Got us out of the land to them an animal that people were speaking slot for our signs Aaouknon »(Nml, 82) Bsyarprssh controversial and the revelations that the opinion of commentators is fantastic. The present article is to explain: (verse is MoreSharifeh verse of "...Got us out of the land to them an animal that people were speaking slot for our signs Aaouknon »(Nml, 82) Bsyarprssh controversial and the revelations that the opinion of commentators is fantastic. The present article is to explain: (verse is a sign indicating what happened? And whether the intention is to warn and or testimony in a court of divine justice And the "Dabh" is human or non human, And what kind of speech he is speaking and who his audience In this research the concept of "Dabh" in the words of the Quran in the range Appreciation of the comparison between the commentators on this verse in some of the interpretations Fryqyn done and the report referred to in the narratives And the emphasis is on the belief that the exclusion principle "Dabh Treason" The divine promise and fulfillment is possible, but its quality is Raznak And God did not express it in the couch and commentators Using narratives and evidence of each of the In this field have expressed. Manuscript profile -
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16 - Investigating the hydrological concepts of rain in the Qur'an based on Nahj al-Balaghah
Seyed Ali Hashemi Khanabasi Reza Norouz ValashdiThe advancement of science in the mind of every fair person raises the question of how rain is accurately, scientifically and eloquently expressed in the Holy Book of the Qur'an and Nahj al-Balaghah. This means that these books, verses and speeches have described the na MoreThe advancement of science in the mind of every fair person raises the question of how rain is accurately, scientifically and eloquently expressed in the Holy Book of the Qur'an and Nahj al-Balaghah. This means that these books, verses and speeches have described the natural elements according to the level of knowledge and understanding of the scientific subjects of their time. Therefore, in this study, the sciences in this sermon on rainfall and its request from the Creator of the universe have been studied by using the verses of the Qur'an and the interpretation of Imam Ali (as) in Sermon 115 of Nahj al-Balagheh. The purpose of this study is to compare the exact statements of Imam Ali (as) in the rain sermon with the modern science of weather and meteorology about the mechanism of formation, movement, and various forms of rainfall on Earth. Finally, different types of rain and the theory of the formation of raindrops (desegregation and bergeron) and effective rain are mentioned by carefully examining the sermon of the Prophet. Manuscript profile -
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17 - Death Truth in Quran and Reasons of its Fear from Imam Ali Viewpoint in Nahj Al Balaghah
Fatemeh Hamidi Fard Alireza Yousefi Narges Keshti ArayBy applying content analysis and comparative categorization method, the present research studies and analyses truth of death in Quran and the reasons of its fear from Imam Ali’s viewpoint in Nahj Al Balaghah. Quran considers the remembrance of death as one of the MoreBy applying content analysis and comparative categorization method, the present research studies and analyses truth of death in Quran and the reasons of its fear from Imam Ali’s viewpoint in Nahj Al Balaghah. Quran considers the remembrance of death as one of the characteristics of the prophets that cannot be escaped from. Facts such as the undeniableness of death and not getting rid of it, the end of the work of the body, its certainty and etc. are reasons for the fear of death and are discussed in Nahj Al-Balaghah. Manuscript profile -
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18 - A Comparison on Imam Ali's Principles and Democracy System
Hassan Fazl Ardeshir Asad Beigi Mahmoud Mahdavi DamqaniThe subject of the present article is the comparison between Imam Ali's traditions with democracy's principle system. Democracy's high position is not hidden to any intellectual. The aim of this paper is to compare Imam Ali's approach to words and deeds in his caliphate MoreThe subject of the present article is the comparison between Imam Ali's traditions with democracy's principle system. Democracy's high position is not hidden to any intellectual. The aim of this paper is to compare Imam Ali's approach to words and deeds in his caliphate era. The method would be descriptive – analytical. By studying and surveying in Imam Ali's traditions and reviewing his behavior and deeds after Death of Prophet it would be resulted out that Imam Ali's function conforms the democracy system; thus Imam Ali may be known as a democrat person. Although there were many Verses in Quran about him and his succession after Prophet Mohammad, he was deprived his actual right; but he had accepted caliphate for Islam's protection and people's benefit; he kept silence for about twenty four years. Manuscript profile -
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19 - A Reflection on Favorable Civil Society Based on Social Justice from the View of Nahj ol-Balāghah
Maryam Barahooie Jahanshahi Mansour Amiradeh Jirkoli Reza HaghpanahThe purpose of the present study is to reflect on favorable civil society based on social justice from the view of Nahj ol-Balāghah. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and it aims to find an answer for this main question: What are the criteria for the formation MoreThe purpose of the present study is to reflect on favorable civil society based on social justice from the view of Nahj ol-Balāghah. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and it aims to find an answer for this main question: What are the criteria for the formation of favorable civil society based on social justice from the view of Nahj ol-Balāghah? The results of the study show that people's participation in political and social affairs, paying attention to freedom, the managers' reliance on models, and … are among the criteria for the formation of favorable civil society. Social justice is substantiated in society when all people reach their defined right and everyone can use natural and unnatural facilities according to his/her talents and qualifications. Many social disorders and deficiencies have a root in lack of social justice. Imam 'Ali (AS) by creating a model in leadership and management in Islamic system aimed to organize the elements of government based on religiosity and meritocracy. Manuscript profile -
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20 - A Survey and Evaluation of the Place of Optimal Governance in Nahj ul-Balāgha
Seyed Rohollah Tabatabaei Ali Shirkhani Mehdi MotaharniaThe purpose of the present study is to explain the characteristics of optimal policy and governance from the perspective of Imam Ali (s) in Nahj ul-Balāgha. The main research question in this article is: “What status does the optimal governance have from the view MoreThe purpose of the present study is to explain the characteristics of optimal policy and governance from the perspective of Imam Ali (s) in Nahj ul-Balāgha. The main research question in this article is: “What status does the optimal governance have from the view of Imam Ali (s)?” Furthermore, this study relies on the hypothesis that the characteristics of a favorable governance according to the idea of Imam Ali (s) are derived from divine commandments, and a series of factors such as transgression and inattention to meritocracy are considered as the features of a tyrannical government (Tāghūt). A favorable government in the idea of Imam Ali (s) is of special importance. The method of the study is descriptive analysis and the results showed that in the view of Imam Ali (s), legitimacy, public participation, transparency (accepting the criticisms and responding to them), responsibility and responsiveness, efficiency, and meritocracy have an effective role in creating a favorable government in society. On the other hand, he introduces transgression, inattention to meritocracy, autocracy, and power seeking as basic obstacles in the way of optimal governance. Manuscript profile -
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21 - Imam Ali;his personality and aspects based on Philip Hamon, in khavaran-Name
Khalil Baygzade Bayrammorad Moradi afsane nooriThe great and prominent personality of Ali(p.b.u.h) is in such a way that attract every body and in the history always the writers and poets write about his personality. Like Molana Mohammad IbnHesamKHosefi is the poet of Nineth century. He was the first religious epic MoreThe great and prominent personality of Ali(p.b.u.h) is in such a way that attract every body and in the history always the writers and poets write about his personality. Like Molana Mohammad IbnHesamKHosefi is the poet of Nineth century. He was the first religious epic poet of Persian literature and is from the first poets that Shiiethinkingtrain in it’spoem. The big personality of Ali makes him to say beautiful and mot lines. PhillippHamon. French semiotician, thinks the personality as a symbolic element and develops the theoricsemiotic , basic of personality. In this research wich done on the descriptiue-analytic way, tries to study that Ali’s personality in Khavaran-Name based on thesemioticstheoricpersonality of Philipp Hamonthat knows the personality a conceptual semiotics and a complete sot of thought and features.Hamon knows the personality a sing that constitute ofDALL(name, syntactic status and the rhetoric type) and Referent (characteristics, the speech Act and Behavioral Act). Generally, by studing the personality semiotics we can realizthe characteristics and features of deep-internal layers of people and this sets of behaviors puts as a pattern for ourself. The results of this research stating that the speech Acts, shows two levels of Imam Ali’s personality. In the saying with people he traced back a needless and powerfulpersonality wich has fear of anybody and anything, but in the words that done with God. He pictures as a person that needs is incapable that needs to Gods to do his jobs. His behavioral acts include different acts. Like war, killing, save and soon that the abundant frequency of the actsshowsthe greatstatus of Imam Ali in the story and that he’s move a person wich involved war with enemies and killing them to defend thereligion and muslims. Names and the used tittle for this Imam like; Ali, Heidar and Qashamsham all has a compatibility with the characters and acts of his personality and his names title indicate to all of the qualities that he shows in the story. Manuscript profile -
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22 - وفاق اجتماعی در نهج البلاغه
علیرضا طاهری نیا حسین احمدی سایه خدایاری مطلق -
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23 - سیمای وفاق اجتماعی در اندیشه علوی(مورد مطالعه: نهج البلاغه
علیرضا طاهری نیا حسین احمدی سایه خدایاری مطلق -
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24 - Impact of the Mystical Station (maqm) of Patience (Sabr) on Mystic’s Soul from the V iewpoint of Khwajah Abdullah Ansari Based on Imam A li’s (as.) W ord
Fatemeh (Mahnaz) Tavackoli Fatemeh Hasan Pour“Patience” is one of the most important mystical stations – to which the mystic should become eligible not to be troubled by the problems of the conduct. In the viewpoint of Imam Ali (as.), patience plays a significant role in man’s spiritual journey towards More“Patience” is one of the most important mystical stations – to which the mystic should become eligible not to be troubled by the problems of the conduct. In the viewpoint of Imam Ali (as.), patience plays a significant role in man’s spiritual journey towards God. Accordingly, Imam Ali describes the way to achieve its ranks and effects in order to strengthen the motivations to achieve this mystical station. KhwajahAbdullah Ansari also considers patience as one of the first steps that should be taken by the mystics guiding their way to the right; he also regards patience as a station for the lower and middle ranks; moreover, he uncovers the role of patience in soul’s perfection concerning the effect of ‘patience’ in the spiritual journey Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - The Impressed Persian Works of Imam Qazali from Imam Ali's Speeches
Seyyed Ali Asghar Mir Bagherifard Seyyedeh Maryam Rozatiyan Abbasali Ibrahimi MehrInstructions and doctrines of Ahl al-Bayt is one of the original sources of Islamic mysticism and the effects of mystical texts are evident in this field. The fluency and strenuosity that lies within the word and edifications of Imam Ali(peace be upon him) has made Pers MoreInstructions and doctrines of Ahl al-Bayt is one of the original sources of Islamic mysticism and the effects of mystical texts are evident in this field. The fluency and strenuosity that lies within the word and edifications of Imam Ali(peace be upon him) has made Persian-speaking writers to attire their works with his words for a long time(since a long time ago). Ahmad Ghazali, one of the leading writers in mysticism is influenced by, in particular, the words of Imam Ali (AS) in his works. In this study, different kinds of Persian works of Ahmad Ghazali, influenced by the word of Imam Ali (AS), are explained through factual documentary quotations. Effectiveness of Persian works of Ahmad Ghazali from Imam's (AS) words is mostly in an interpretation and adaptation style. Since the sources of Islamic mysticism and its relation to the school of Ahl al-Bayt have always been discussed, this research could, for example, indicate the influence of the instructions of Ahl al-bayt on the Islamic mysticism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The Event of Qadir Khom and Theological Aspects in Safavid Paintings
mahnaz shaystefarFrom the point of view of Shiites and Shiite commentators, the event of Qadir Khom and the announcement of the succession of Imam Ali (PBUH) by the Holy Prophet (PBUH) is one of the greatest historical events of the beginning of Islam and beholds a special position part MoreFrom the point of view of Shiites and Shiite commentators, the event of Qadir Khom and the announcement of the succession of Imam Ali (PBUH) by the Holy Prophet (PBUH) is one of the greatest historical events of the beginning of Islam and beholds a special position particularly to substantiate the legitimacy of Amir al-Momenin (PBUH). Among the explanations of the hadith and the narration of Qadir Khom many references have been made to the verses revealed by God in this regard, including the verse of “Tabliq” and the verse of “Akmal”. This event has received exceptional responses due to its prominence and position among Shiites in various fields of art, society, politics and also in the daily life of Muslims. In the meantime, Islamic-Iranian painting has provided the painters with an opportunity to portray and display various stories and themes, specifically sacred and religious themes. Qadir Khom is one of the themes that has been written and illustrated by the order of Shiite and religious rulers and supporters. Most of the paintings obtained from this subject belong to the Safavid manuscripts that follow a unique Shiite approach. Such artworks include the works of Al-Baqiyah, Habib al-Sir, Fal-nameh, the works of Al-Muzaffar, Ahsan al-Kabar, Rozat al-Safa, the attack of Heydari, and the paintings of Master Farshchian. Most of the handwritten drawings from this copy display the event with almost the same description and interpretation of the Qadir hadith in Dasht-e Farakh, nevertheless a number of the drawings behold diverse symbols and concepts; furthermore, they demonstrate the dignity of the Imam's guardianship according to the hadiths, narrations and verses of the holy Qur'an. This article, considering the dignity and status of Imam Ali's (PBUH) guardianship has explained and examined the event of Qadir Khomin the paintings and samples obtained. Research Objectives: 1- Recognizing the dignity and position of Imam Ali (PBUH) in the holy Qur'an and its manifestation in art. 2- Examining Qadir Khom narration in the works of Islamic painting. Research Questions: 1- How many works and manuscripts and with what perspective have depicted the Qadir Khom incident? 2- In what form and approach have such paintings expressed the narration of Ghadir and the guardianship of Imam Ali (PBUH) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Imam Ali (AS)'s Altruistic mage in Thought of Attar and Rumi
Bashir Ashrafi Qorban emiThe present study, using a descriptive-analytical method, has examined the altruistic and self-sacrificing image of Imam Ali (as) in the thought of Attar and Rumi. The study of their works shows that the reason why modern humans favor their ideas derives from their emph MoreThe present study, using a descriptive-analytical method, has examined the altruistic and self-sacrificing image of Imam Ali (as) in the thought of Attar and Rumi. The study of their works shows that the reason why modern humans favor their ideas derives from their emphasis on human dignity and value and its most important manifestation is to love and serve human being, altruism. In their works, in addition to the sincere eulogy of Imam Ali (AS) and the expression of his attributes, they both refer to the major events of his life, expressing the kind and sacrificial character of him that God says about him: "And some people sacrifice their lives to gain God's favor." They praised Imam Ali (as) as a great model of moral virtues, especially love, sincerity, altruism and self-sacrifice, and encouraged people to follow him. Because he, who according to Attar is "the mountain of sorrow and the door of knowledge and the center of religion", considers the first principle in associating with people as love, respect and friendship of others and addresses the Malik: "Fill your heart with people's affection and their friendship and favor". "In fact, his practical life has been full respect and trust in others." Rumi also called him "the pride of every prophet and every saint" and called him the master of all believing men and women, who always considered altruism as one of the important principles of his teachings and his heart was full of loving people and guiding them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - A Study of Imam Ali’s Karāmāt and His Image in Sufia's Dreams in Mystical Texts
Vahideh Dadashzade Gholamali Arya Alireza EbrahimIn this article, in a descriptive-analytical way Imam Ali’s Karāmāt that have remained in the Sufis’ texts, and it is imagined that a part of his conception of the Prophet was formed on the basis of these virtues, and the image of Imam Ali (a.s.) and his pos MoreIn this article, in a descriptive-analytical way Imam Ali’s Karāmāt that have remained in the Sufis’ texts, and it is imagined that a part of his conception of the Prophet was formed on the basis of these virtues, and the image of Imam Ali (a.s.) and his position and The role of sleep and dreams in the discovery and intuition of mystics has been discussed. This study shows that one of the most important functions of mystics' sleep was solving many of their mental problems and concerns, which are mostly in the field of religious and mystical issues. In addition to expressing these issues through sleep, they also added to its impact on the audience; Because the solution of these problems has been done in a dream by the language of God, Prophet (PBUH) and Sufi Sheikhs. In addition to solving problems in the dreams of mystics, there are revelations of the type of inspiration that inform about events that have not yet happened in reality.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - تأملی برتشیّع قبیله خزاعه و نقش آن در حمایت از امام علی(ع)
شهربانو دلبری محمدعلی امینی طاهره عظیم زاده -
Open Access Article
30 - Problematic Features of women in the Statements of His Excellency Amiralmomenan (AS)
Akram Ahmadian Ahmadabadi Mojtaba SepahiIn this study, the goal was to consider speech of Imam Ali (AS) addressed the characteristics of the females those which if not managed properly, could become serious problematic. The research method was a library and descriptive-analytic type referring to the words of MoreIn this study, the goal was to consider speech of Imam Ali (AS) addressed the characteristics of the females those which if not managed properly, could become serious problematic. The research method was a library and descriptive-analytic type referring to the words of Imam Ali (AS) in various sources, especially in Nahj al-Balagha, with a problem-oriented approach. The findings of the study included the introduction and analysis such features like intensity of emotions,­ quick verbal and behavioral response, desire to show up, body elegance and special features of the women. So since women are as half of the human society and pillar of upbringing and source of emotions in the family and also, due to the reason of the communities complex structure and the extent of communication and a multiplicity of roles and social responsibility in the present, addressing the issue of women pathology has become very important, because securing women's lives could better protect them and the family and the community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Rumi adaptation of Nahj al-Balaghah in the resurrection
Ali hoseinzadeh Laila zarei Just as the Holy Quran is a miracle of God and through the revelation of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). , Nahj-ol-Balagha is also part of the Alawite miracle that was inspired by the Qur''''''''an and the teachings of the Prophet (pbuh) from the language of the Ami More Just as the Holy Quran is a miracle of God and through the revelation of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). , Nahj-ol-Balagha is also part of the Alawite miracle that was inspired by the Qur''''''''an and the teachings of the Prophet (pbuh) from the language of the Amir al-Mu''''''''minān (AS). In other words, if we want to find a tale of the Qur''''''''an in the Special servants, the most obvious example is the Nahj al-Balaghah. In his poems , Rumi has the most influence after the Qur''''''''an and the words of the prophet (pbuh) It is accepted from the Nahj al-Balaghah. He seems to have benefited from the words of Imam Ali (as) in the Hadiths of the Imams. His great influence on this valuable book in various aspects of resurrection is the right field for conducting research in the field of resurrection and resurrection. This article seeks to use the analytical-descriptive method of , Rumi adaptation of the Resurrection Explain the book of Nahj-ol-Balagha''''''''s Noble Book in Masnavi-i-Moghvi and Divan Shams Tabrizi. The findings of the research indicate that , Rumi has adapted the proof of resurrection through innate and persuasive evidence, the critique of the deniers of resurrection, the testimonies of the resurrection, the truth of death, the greatness and difficulty of the day from the valuable book of Nahj al-Balaghah Amir. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Shiism in the caliphate of Uthman ibn Affan
mohammad tayebiThe study tries to investigate a number of questions. They include: what was the response of Shiite leadership and Shiites to the result of proposed council of Omar and Uthman’s being selected? Which companions of Shiism and from what cities and regions began to o MoreThe study tries to investigate a number of questions. They include: what was the response of Shiite leadership and Shiites to the result of proposed council of Omar and Uthman’s being selected? Which companions of Shiism and from what cities and regions began to oppose the caliphate system? What were the specific characteristics of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) from the point of view of Shiites’ belief of that period? What was the position of Imam Ali towards the caliph and his agents in the intended period? Findings indicate that Shiites did not agree with the trend of proposed council of Omar and its result, though for some expedience they did not oppose the decision. Most companions of Shiism were among the people of Medina, Cufa and Egypt; they took action to battle and present their own view points. The words of Shiites about the Uthman caliphate and allegiance to Imam Ali, after the murder of Uthman, suggest that Imam Ali had always been accepted as an Ideal leader for some valid reasons and characteristics. He always transferred the complaints and difficulties of people to caliph during the caliphate of Uthman as a refuge, intermediary and interested in reforms, but the agents of Umayyad were jealous and suspicious about these actions; and recommendations of Imam Ali for the solution of crisis were ignored by the agents of caliphate during the insurrection in 35A.H. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - A study on the reasons of changing Caliphate center from Medina to Kufa (35-40 A.H)
Ali Akbar KhadrizadehThe necessity for moving center of Islamic Caliphate is among those subjects which always mattered during different period of Islamic history and follow-ed by important effects. Changing the center of Islamic Caliphate from Medina – as the first Islamic government MoreThe necessity for moving center of Islamic Caliphate is among those subjects which always mattered during different period of Islamic history and follow-ed by important effects. Changing the center of Islamic Caliphate from Medina – as the first Islamic government capital – to newly established city of Kufa, is considered one of the most important events of highness Ali (peace be upon him) Caliphate period. This alteration played an important role in shaping political events between 35 to 40 A.H. This city established in 17 A.H during Omar Caliphate, used as a military base and logistic center to make sure Arab achievements in Iran would continue, but eventually by increasing emigration of Arab tribes, Kufa became an important effective center in political and cultural affairs and served this special place during the Caliphate of highness Ali (PBUH) and Umayyad dynasty. On this basis, the article tries to survey briefly the reasons of changing Caliphate center from Medina to Kufa. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - pathology of orientalists about the political and social viewpoints of imam ali ( pbuh )
seyed mohsen sheykholeslami amirteymour rafiei seyed hasan quorishithe political and social viewpoints of orientalists over imam ali have many fluctuations and challenges . german and english composers as the pioneers of islam in general tried to analyze the character and position of imam ali material and free from religion . according Morethe political and social viewpoints of orientalists over imam ali have many fluctuations and challenges . german and english composers as the pioneers of islam in general tried to analyze the character and position of imam ali material and free from religion . according to the fact that the world of islam and the existing resources are first dominated by jamaat - e - islami , and the shiite sources of distortion or trust have been trusted , mainly we have witnessed biased and biased results . orientalists , on one hand , consider imam ali as an opposition of the central government and has anti - secular thought .on the other hand , few of the orientalists have succeeded in avoiding the influence of personal , national and religious emotions and also study and study the movement . the purpose of this research is comparative study of political positions on social and political situation of hazrat ali ( peace be upon him ) and study of intellectual foundation and practical approach of them . in this research , we try to answer these questions by an analytical and explanatory approach : how was orientalists " s political perception of imam ali 's policy ? how has the intellectual foundations of imam ali ( peace be upon him ) have been ? the prevailing assumption is that , according to the existence of prominent scholars and the great islamic - shiite institute , they have tried Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - مواضع امام علی(ع) در برابر سقیفه
دکتر ناصر جدیدی هومان محمدی -
Open Access Article
36 - Research in regarding to the position of Imam Ali in Ascension of the Prophet Mohammad in Southern Kurdish Poetry
seyed arman hoseini ab bariki yahya atash zayThe story of the ascension of Mohammad Prophet is the commonest theme and religious theme in the Southern Kurdish poems. Southern Kurdish poets have viewed the ascension story from different angles to create their poems. Imam Ali’s presence is a common feature of MoreThe story of the ascension of Mohammad Prophet is the commonest theme and religious theme in the Southern Kurdish poems. Southern Kurdish poets have viewed the ascension story from different angles to create their poems. Imam Ali’s presence is a common feature of these ascension letters. Since addressing these poems clarifies the popular narrative of the Southern Kurds of the ascension as well; therefore, the authors in this article attempt to give a big picture of the ascension and explain the ascension letters and their manuscripts and study the their reflections in the Southern Kurdish literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Investigation of not mentioning the name of Imam Ali (as) in the Holy Quran "From the perspective of the divine test” , Based on the teachings of the Qur'an and hadiths
mahmood khooran Ali Mohammadi AshnaniThe absence of the name of Imam Ali (AS) in the text of the Holy Quran, on the one hand, has aroused some Shiite akhbaris to speak about the removal of his name from the Holy Quran, based on some narrations, and on the other hand, some Shiite opponents use it as a tool MoreThe absence of the name of Imam Ali (AS) in the text of the Holy Quran, on the one hand, has aroused some Shiite akhbaris to speak about the removal of his name from the Holy Quran, based on some narrations, and on the other hand, some Shiite opponents use it as a tool to cast doubt on the caliphate. (AS) have placed.The omission of the name is based on various causes and materials; One of the reasons that has not been studied scientifically so far is the tradition of the divine test in the caliphate of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). Leading researcher, with a descriptive-analytical method and based on verses, narrations and historical evidence, has studied the behavior of groups involved in the test of knowing and following the divine leader in contemporary prophetic society and The irreplaceable role of not mentioning the name of Imam Ali (AS) in revealing the inner menus of individuals and the optimal realization of this important test is reflected Also, assuming the name is mentioned, there are potentially more dangerous consequences Meanwhile, in the introduction, the meaning of some narrations claiming to mention the name, its expression and its suspicion have been removed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The Legend of Umm Kulthum
Mohammadreza Tabib Abdolaziz MovahedZaynab Kobra (PBUH) is the daughter of Hazrat Ali (PBUH) and Hazrat Fatimah (PBUH) who has opened her eyes to the world in the sixth century of AH. The name Zaynab was named by the Prophet (PBUH) and they had given her various nicknames, such as Aghileh Bani Hashem, Umm MoreZaynab Kobra (PBUH) is the daughter of Hazrat Ali (PBUH) and Hazrat Fatimah (PBUH) who has opened her eyes to the world in the sixth century of AH. The name Zaynab was named by the Prophet (PBUH) and they had given her various nicknames, such as Aghileh Bani Hashem, Umm Kulthum in history. In Arabic literature, Umm Kulthum is a nickname to respect a dear lady which is considered to be reverence. Umm Kulthum is one of the most popular and common nicknames of Hazrat Zaynab (PBUH) that has been given to her. Despite the reputation of the great lady of Islam and their role, especially in the terrible events at Karbala, as well as other issues related to the lives of Imams, many of her life are in the aura of ambiguity. (Due to the dominant powers of the time, such as Banu Umayya and Abbasid which have been the enemies of the Ahl al-Bayt, the life of Hazrat Zaynab (PBUH) also has some ambiguity, including is Zaynab the same as Umm Kulthum or is it related to the two daughters of Hazrat Ali (PBUH) and Fatimah (PBUH)?In this study, which has been written in a descriptive-analytic manner, the author by using the main historical sources has concluded that Umm Kulthum is the same as Zaynab (PBUH), and Hazrat Fatimah and Hazrat Ali (PBUH) had only one daughter, and that was Zaynab (PBUH) whose nickname was Umm Kulthum.) Manuscript profile -
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39 - .
رضا اسدپور -
Open Access Article
40 - The common ethical doctrines in Saadi's Boostan and Emam Ali's Divan
abbasali vafaei roghaeh kardel IlvariThe Divan attributed to Emam Ali is the masterpiece of Arab world that contains didactic, ethical, and mystical doctrines. Many Arab poets and literary men have tried to get as much possible the knowledge of these doctrines from this Divan and use them in their daily li MoreThe Divan attributed to Emam Ali is the masterpiece of Arab world that contains didactic, ethical, and mystical doctrines. Many Arab poets and literary men have tried to get as much possible the knowledge of these doctrines from this Divan and use them in their daily lives. Saadi, the graet Iranian poet, also has benefited as much as possible from didactic, ethical, and mystical doctrines of Emam Ali'sDivan. In the present paper, based on the title of the paper, has been tried to investigate the common ethical doctrines between Saadi's Boostan and Emam Ali's Divan. These selected doctrines include ethices that are practical for teaching to people in the society in different social, political, and cultural institutes. A close look at Emam Ali's Divan reveals that all poets and mystics in different religions and ideologies have adapted Emam Ali's mysticism as resource in their works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Imam Ali in Molavi’s Masnavi
رقیه نیساری تبریزی There is a kind benevolence as well as affection concerning Imam Ali in Molavi’s Masnavi. The present article displays the portrait of Imam Ali through quotations from him. In his poems, especially in Masnavi, Molavi quotes from Imam Ali’s h More There is a kind benevolence as well as affection concerning Imam Ali in Molavi’s Masnavi. The present article displays the portrait of Imam Ali through quotations from him. In his poems, especially in Masnavi, Molavi quotes from Imam Ali’s hadiths and excerpts of his life story. This is not for reference purpose, but rather it is suggestive of an expression of reverence and admiration towards him. Moreover, in these poems, Molavi’s point of view and his mystical ideas can be traced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Jaami's Affectability in Ethical Themes of the Baharestan from Imam Ali's
Batool Mahbubi Zadeh Gholam Abbas Zakeri Gholamreza SotoudehAbstract One of the literary works in the 9th century was Baharestan of Jaami which is considered a Persian literary didactic work and is written in prose and poetry by imitation of Sa'di's Gulestan. Because of the special sta MoreAbstract One of the literary works in the 9th century was Baharestan of Jaami which is considered a Persian literary didactic work and is written in prose and poetry by imitation of Sa'di's Gulestan. Because of the special stance of ethics in Islam and the necessity of its discussion in the sphere of Persian literature, it became urgent to describe it with profound attention in the Nahjolbalagheh .Jaami has brought lots of examples of ethical themes such as justice, contentment, truthfulness, secrecy, avoidance from greed and cupidity and jealousy; and in recounting them he has used the implication which are mentioned in the Nahjolbalagheh, all of which show Jaami's sincerity and mere obedience to Imam Ali. He mostly propagates the moral virtues by utilizing the religious teachings, and tries to expand them among the people of community. Paying attention to ethical teachings and transferring them to their behavior, is considered an important issue and using them brings about a healthy man together with a sound spirit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - The analytic study of battle with dragon from myth and epic to religious poetry emphasizing upon the dragon being killed at the cradle by Imam Ali
Reza shajari Elham Arabshahi kashiAbstractBattle with dragon is one of the most exciting adventures in the mythological and heroic history that had always been the center of attention. Little by little, it found its way into religious poetry being regarded as an important achievement for religious heroe MoreAbstractBattle with dragon is one of the most exciting adventures in the mythological and heroic history that had always been the center of attention. Little by little, it found its way into religious poetry being regarded as an important achievement for religious heroes, as many poets from the 7th century till present refer to the event of slaying the dragon by Imam Ali in the cradle. The oldest narrative source of this story is Manaqib Ibn Shahr Ashub in the 6th century Hijra. However, in other authentic Shi’a and Sunni texts and sources such as Shavahed al Tanzil by Haskani, Manaqib by Kharazmi, and Manaqib Ali Ibn Abi Talib by Aljallabi al Shafeei there are no references to this story. This research is concerned with the study and analysis of the theme of dragon killing in both myth and epic, paying particular attention to the slaying dragon by Imam Ali in cradle, also dealing with the reasons behind the frequent growth of this theme in religious poetry. The fame of this theme in the field of divine religions could be a symbolic discussion, dragon being the symbol of either external enemies including Ahriman, Anti religion enemies or internal enemies such as Nafs or lower soul. All saints could at some point overcome this latter enemy and in case of Imam Ali dragon can be regarded as both internal and external enemy. Due to having an epic prestigious form, this tale not only during human history but also within the domain of religious poetry have been tremendously received. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - A Study on Political Stands of Levant Arabs During the Caliphate of Imam Ali (PBUH)
Akram Al Sadat Hosseini یحیی میر حسینیAfter the assassination of ʿUthmān, the third caliph, that the Levant (Shāmāt) raised the opposition flag against the government of Imam Ali (PBUH), and the Levant was introduced as Umayyad unified land. However, in some reports, it has been mentioned about groups that MoreAfter the assassination of ʿUthmān, the third caliph, that the Levant (Shāmāt) raised the opposition flag against the government of Imam Ali (PBUH), and the Levant was introduced as Umayyad unified land. However, in some reports, it has been mentioned about groups that were not associated with the Levantines masses, and separated themselves from Muawiya's army. This research which is organized by descriptive-analytical method with a focus on behaviors has divided the Residents of Levant into two groups: “companionship” and “non-companionship” and then analyzed the political stands of the Levant Arabs in relation to the way of supporting or opposing Mu'awiyah. The research results show that the influence of Byzantine-religious beliefs, Muawiyah's use of foreign chief policy, urbanization and homogeneity of the population, totalitarianism and blackmail had the greatest effect on Levantines subordination from Muawiyah. Moreover, We can point to the following factors as other reasons for accompanying Muawiyah: the presence of Imam Ali (PBUH) followers in Levant, the policies of Imam Ali (PBUH) in Levantines awareness, the policy of neutrality, profit seeking and religious caution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Beginning of Im§m AlÊ (PBUH) Caliphate: Retrieving and Authentication of Al-Ya’qåbÊ’s Narrations
Somayeh Amin Roaya JazehTarikh Al-Ya’qubi, written by Ahmad ibn Abi Ya’qub (d. 284 AH), is one of the general histories that has been compiled in a combined method; that is it presents a whole coherent account of a historical event by removing the chain of narrator as well as integrating sever MoreTarikh Al-Ya’qubi, written by Ahmad ibn Abi Ya’qub (d. 284 AH), is one of the general histories that has been compiled in a combined method; that is it presents a whole coherent account of a historical event by removing the chain of narrator as well as integrating several records of a same event. There are some factors in Tarikh Al-Ya’qubi that make it necessary to retrieve its resources as well as authentication of its narrations: the removal of the chain of narrator, the inconsistency of some reports with the accounts of other well-known contemporary resources (Al-Tabaqat Al-Kubra by Ibn-Sa’d, Tarikh Khalifa Khayyat Ibn Qutaybah’s, Al-Imamah Wa al Siyasah, etc) as well as subsequent authentic (Al- Fotuh Ibn- A’tham, Al-Isti’ab by Ibn Abd Al-Barr, Sharh Nahj Al- Balaghah by Ibn Abi Al-Hadid, etc) and specifically including unheard and Shiite narrations. The main questions of this research include: What are the sources of Tarikh Al-Ya’qubi? Are they sufficiently credible? And most importantly, what was Al-Ya’qubi’s criteria in authenticating the narrations? According to the research findings, although Al-Ya’qubi’s accounts on The year, month and day of Uthman, The first to pledge allegiance (Talha), etc are valid and in line with other sources, his history -influenced by his Shiite attitudes or other unknown factors- sometimes includes different and rare accounts as allegiance of all people by Ali except three people Quraysh, The role of five representatives of Ansar in allegiance by Ali, etc, the resource of which is not known. Manuscript profile
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