سیاوش

Open Access Article

1 - Review and collation of Virjil’s epic,Aeneid’s characters with Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh
Sayyed Ebrahim Arman Khadije Bahrami Rahnama

Abstract The main mission of the comparative literature is to describe the trajectory of relations among world nations and to emphasize and develop intellectual, literary and cultural exchanges. The potential and literary capacity of Shahnameh is comparable with any epi More

Abstract The main mission of the comparative literature is to describe the trajectory of relations among world nations and to emphasize and develop intellectual, literary and cultural exchanges. The potential and literary capacity of Shahnameh is comparable with any epic work. Therefore, in Shahnameh, Ferdowsi's great work that is a national and natural epic is comparable with Virjil’s work, Enne Eed, that is the paramount example of the artifact classic. Thus, this article aims to the comparison and study of the aspects of differentiation and sharing between the pivotal and epic characters of these two valuable works. Manuscript profile

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2 - The Analytical Comparison of Siavash, Osiris and Attis
Mahmoud Rezaee Dashte Arzhaneh

In the passionate and poetic story of Siavash in “Shah Name” only the surface structure of the story could be observed although the remains of his fruitful original myth could be pointed out in the rest of “Shah Name”. Siavash is in fact the Ira More

In the passionate and poetic story of Siavash in “Shah Name” only the surface structure of the story could be observed although the remains of his fruitful original myth could be pointed out in the rest of “Shah Name”. Siavash is in fact the Iranian God of Fertility of the plants who has been represented as a prince because of his failure in the myth. The present article is an analytic comparison of Siavash with Osiris and Attis. The results of the research show that the mentioned gods have certain similarities. All three have direct relation with nature and its luxuriance. All three have a goddess with affiliated with them, namely Sudabeh, Isis and Sibil who prepare the ground for their death and resurrection (winter and spring). And every year this death and resurrection is repeated for more fertility of nature. Manuscript profile

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3 - Comparison of Sudabeh in the Story of Siavash (Shahnameh by Ferdowsi) with Zuleikha in the Story of Joseph (Holy Quran)
Mehdi Momtahen Parisa Davri

There is a general similarity between the stories of prophets in holy Quran and Iranian myths. For whatever reason these similarities exist and although there are also discrepancies these stories attract the attention of any reader. Two stories which are worth comparis More

There is a general similarity between the stories of prophets in holy Quran and Iranian myths. For whatever reason these similarities exist and although there are also discrepancies these stories attract the attention of any reader. Two stories which are worth comparison in this regard are stories of Joseph and Siavash. Similarity of these two stories not only lies in the adventures, actions, dialogues and monologues of each character but also in the fact that there is also a verse version of Joseph and Zuleikha attributed to Ferdowsi. A full comparison of these works will take more than one single article and thus this article focuses on the analysis of only two main characters of Sudabeh and Zuleikha since one of the factors making these stories worth comparison is the behavior of the female characters. The interesting point in this regard is that in spite of considerable similarities between them there are also subtle differences. Manuscript profile

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4 - Investigating and Analyzing the Role of Dialogue Structure and Content in the Process of Siavash's Story
Elham Azadeh Ranjbar Hossein Bayat Naser Qoli Sarli Bahadur Bagheri

10.30495/dk.2023.1972815.2638

The subject of the present article is the study and analysis of the narrative element of dialogue in Siavash's story. The story begins with a conversation between Toos and Giv, who has found Siavash's mother, and ends with a conversation between Siavash and Pilsem, the More

The subject of the present article is the study and analysis of the narrative element of dialogue in Siavash's story. The story begins with a conversation between Toos and Giv, who has found Siavash's mother, and ends with a conversation between Siavash and Pilsem, the elder brother, who asks him to convey his message to the elders. Therefore, Siavash's story is basically dialogue-based and all the information that the story is supposed to provide to the reader is transmitted to him through dialogue. In addition to this dialogue, in relation to other elements of the story, its different functions reveals. Ferdowsi uses it to describe and introduce the characters of the story. Shows narrative actions and conflicts, indirectly presents its idealistic thoughts to the audience. It objectifies mental phenomena, points tothe psychological problem of mental connection and language, and shows in practice that the functions of dialogue cannot and should not be neglected in the study of the story. The data of this research are provided through library studies and after classification, they are described using analytical method. This research shows more than anything that Ferdowsi, as a storyteller, not only knows the elements of the story, but is also more aware of how they work. Manuscript profile

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5 - Siavash,s in dividualism process
toraj Aghdaie

Individualism process is one of the yungs terms.and its meaning is passing the stages and the degreesofthe ontogeny(derelornent)in order to "seif"realization.                  &nbs More

Individualism process is one of the yungs terms.and its meaning is passing the stages and the degreesofthe ontogeny(derelornent)in order to "seif"realization.                                                        Siavash is one of those who has found his real way.he doesn’t with hold for giving his life to his intent ions until realizing his "self"and also for societyand human redemption of degeneration.He over comes his emistential contradiction in a universal opposition frame work.                               The present article is a description of siavashs individue lism process and the representation of his acmeism from hisbirth till his death.                                                                                                      The it goes beyond the history and be come a meta history:cal item so it changes to an eternal myth till all huma being follow him out of any time and place.                                                                    Siavash is as beautiful as yousef in Holy Quran. He is beautiful not only in appearance but also in conscience.His body is Pure as his sprit,there fore He spreads his lifetime to a supernatural life.    He does travel to know the dark univers of unconsciousness and dorninate  it.                                   He meets his:anima"in this traveling and reveals the emotional aspect of his being.the climax of Siavash,s self-construction and self know ledge process ismartyrdom,be couse of being honourable and remaining immortal.                                                                                                                      Data collection in this research is library type. They are des cribbed analy tically.the siavash story text has been choosen from Dabirsiaghi,s seris. And the numbers in the paren theses refere to the mentioned text.                                                                                                                                       Manuscript profile

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6 - Comparative Aspect of the passage of fire
Mryam Mohammadzadeh

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7 - The Tragedy of Siavash and the historical Edification
Mohammad Navid Bazargan Seyyed Ebrahim Arman

Literature audience has permanently searched for profound human moral values, values which require years of experience to be gained and appreciated. Concerning tragedy the fact is that although it arouses man's pity and grief, it leads to catharsis as well. The audience More

Literature audience has permanently searched for profound human moral values, values which require years of experience to be gained and appreciated. Concerning tragedy the fact is that although it arouses man's pity and grief, it leads to catharsis as well. The audience who has experienced throughout drama, leaves the theatre gladly. After the discussion of tragedy in dramatic literature, this paper will examine the epic tragedy of Siavash composed by the great Iranian poet Ferdowsi. This paper will also  elaborate on the didactic quality of Ferdowsi as well. Manuscript profile

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8 - Rhetoric description in the story of Siavash
tooraj aghdaie

Description is one of the effective tools for portraying the constituent of existence what and how and social life, as the speaker has experienced. Although description is bond to the all poetic genres, it is firmly bond to the epic poems. For this reason, Ferdowsi, use More

Description is one of the effective tools for portraying the constituent of existence what and how and social life, as the speaker has experienced. Although description is bond to the all poetic genres, it is firmly bond to the epic poems. For this reason, Ferdowsi, used it more in his epic as poetic visualization and imagery. But in this paper, Ferdosi’s virtuosity in reality description has been exclusively evaluated in Siavash story. It will be appeared that the Toos wise sage is using description both in the horizontal and the vertical axis of the story. This means that sometimes he uses the appropriate adjectives to people and things for better expressing and visualizing their features, sometimes, providing an accurate picture of persons , the scenes things without using adjectival compounds. Demonstrating the power of Ferdowsi in description, at first we take a look on his description from the perspective of "instructions" point of view and then we pay attention to the application of the description in siavash story. We tried to explain its role and visualization on Ferdosi’s view during the story, as well. Description aesthetics is also so important in the story of Siavash . However aristocracy description elements that are part of life of Siavash and other characters are of other categories in this article. The data for this study are analyzed, described and reported with qualitative methods. The numbers near the bits or parts of verses refers to the number of verses of Shahnameh. Manuscript profile

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9 - بررسی شخصیت سیاوش با نظریه مثبت‌اندیشی سلیگمن
وجیهه ترکمانی سمانه نیرومند

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10 - آیین هنر در سیاوش‌خوانی بیضایی
علی عشقی سردهی

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11 - Siavash's myth in Persian Poetry
reza ashraf zadeh hamid reza navidy mehr

Since myths rooted in the man's believes and are related to thedifferent aspects of his life, they can be engaged for the topics of manyprofound literary and artistic researches. The myths can represent theancient historical, social and even political events. The nation More

Since myths rooted in the man's believes and are related to thedifferent aspects of his life, they can be engaged for the topics of manyprofound literary and artistic researches. The myths can represent theancient historical, social and even political events. The nation's social,cultural and psychological behavior can be analyzed by their myths.Myths are not limited to a certain time and place. In fact, they arevanished, timeless and the extract of total wisdom. Myth, like legend,epic and culture forms the people cultural and national identification.Contemporary poets modernize some suitable myths and coincide themwith their own social and political thoughts and policy. They want tostrengthen their own people and their own society. Recently, some ofthem have paid attention to the Siavash's myth. They consider it'scontemporary poetry. Manuscript profile

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12 - The Symbolic Application of Ritual-Mythical Names and Beliefs in Siavash kasraeis poetry
Hossein Heydari Fatemeh Farzane

Although Persian literature’s progressed based on social revolutions and its prominent content is social and political events, a number of our contemporary poets, although have come up with community phenomena, but have valuable heritage of the predecessors so tha More

Although Persian literature’s progressed based on social revolutions and its prominent content is social and political events, a number of our contemporary poets, although have come up with community phenomena, but have valuable heritage of the predecessors so that they interest it in their poetries. Siyavash Kasraie, one of the contemporary poet, paid attention a lot to traditional literature, especially Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh, and this eternal work was so respectful and worthy that he felt belonging to it. Kasraie has used the mythical and heroic personalities within its poetries intentionally. On the other hand, according to history of events, he often represented it as symbolic as it possible. He recreated old myths during a number of his works where “Red Piece” verse is the most important one. At his study, we study the symbolic reflection of mythical personalities within collection of poetries of Siyavash Kasraie and we want to answer the following question: what was the purpose of Kasraie concerning to recreation of myths?, which mythical personality has he represented during its poem and who are they?. Results show that Kasraie recreated the national myths in order to state his beliefs and ideas. He, also, paid attention a lot to “Siyavash” and “Sohrab” among mythical personalities as well as considered it for combative and militant youths. Manuscript profile

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13 - Analysis of the discourse of protest poetry in the poetry of Ahmad Shamloo and Siavash Kasraei (based on the analysis of the discourse of Laclau and Mouffe)
Laleh Erfanian mahdi novrooz BATOOL FAKHR -E- ESLAM Farzad Abbasi

The main issue in discourse analysis is the transition from explaining linguistic data to effective processes in discourse formation. The effort is on to investigate the characteristics and protest aspects of two contemporary poets, Shamlou and Kasraei, based on the des More

The main issue in discourse analysis is the transition from explaining linguistic data to effective processes in discourse formation. The effort is on to investigate the characteristics and protest aspects of two contemporary poets, Shamlou and Kasraei, based on the descriptive-analytical approach and based on the model of Laclau and Mouffe's discourse analysis. As a poet, Shamlou does not accept the established social order, His political and social goals gradually lead to a simple philosophical and revolutionary worldview. However, Kasraei is not as disappointed with social change as poets like the Third Brotherhood, nor is he as pleased with philosophical and social propositions as Shamlou, but he is a committed poet in every sense of the word.Based on the elements involved in Laclau and Moffe's discourse theory, it can be said that Shamlou was inherently a poet incompatible with the spirit of his time. Shamlou's poetry considered all the vital elements of society to be a distorted construction of the ideological realms of political sovereignty, Therefore, protest in such a society is considered a sacred movement. On the other hand, Kasraei's allegorical and symbolic initial approach, and finally his revolutionary and guerrilla poetry, made him a supporter and encourager of a socialist and popular revolution. Based on this, the present study tries to study of Laclau and Mouffe's analysis discourse, namely articulation, identity, conflict and alienation, hegemony and mythology in the poems of these two important poets of contemporary Iranian history. Manuscript profile

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14 - Exclusion and elimination of Siavahs from cultural semiotic in Shahnameh of Ferdowsi
leila khezel Dr.farhad tahmasbi Dr.sara Zirak

  The concept of cultural semiotics are existed by semioticians as the first concept that needed more consideration in cultural elements gathering respect. This knowledge provides deep understanding of ones and others culture by use of cultural elements. Shahname o More

  The concept of cultural semiotics are existed by semioticians as the first concept that needed more consideration in cultural elements gathering respect. This knowledge provides deep understanding of ones and others culture by use of cultural elements. Shahname of Ferdosi is one of good examples between multi-cultural texts by dealing with different ethnic groups. So we try to consider the story rejection and expulsion of Siavash in cultural semiotic respect and his position from his and others point of views by descriptive and analytical methods in this study. This study wants to specify why Siavash is known among his family and also others as a stranger. We want to expand the scope of cultural semiotic studies and also use the analytical tools in related text. The results show that  Siavash is known as a stranger not only between Tooranian (as others), but also in his home land. From the point of view of one of his relatives (his father), he is a problematic person and should stay away from government. In this respect he is known as others. Manuscript profile

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15 - Analyzing the hopeful characteristics of the myth of Arash Kamangir with a look at the principle of hope of Ernest Bloch
Farideh Davoudimoghadam

The myths of various people are full of profound and valuable concepts that narrate the deepest tensions and inner states of human beings. These myths, while involving the unreal, reveal truths behind them that reveal themselves in hidden and overt manifestations. Among More

The myths of various people are full of profound and valuable concepts that narrate the deepest tensions and inner states of human beings. These myths, while involving the unreal, reveal truths behind them that reveal themselves in hidden and overt manifestations. Among these facts is the desire and hope of man to have a sublime and beautiful world, which is reflected in the actions of the heroes of mythology and other themes such as love and immortality. Arash Kamangir is one of the ancient Iranian myths, the most understanding of which is devoted to the subject of patriotism and heroism on the way home, and many poets have recited it implicitly or openly and independently, which can be said the most detailed and beautiful of them is the poem of Arash Kamangir Siavash Kasraei. In this research, one of the basic concepts of this poem is analyzed, which is aimed at giving hope and reaching a higher level and a more fruitful life. The subject of hope and understanding of human utopia is also one of the topics discussed by the German philosopher and writer Ernst Bloch. Ernest Bloch is known as the philosopher of hope. In this research, some of his words and views are explained in the text of Arash Kamangir's poem by Siavash Kasraei. Manuscript profile

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16 - Analytical and comparative studying of Lurish and Kurdish mourning rituals of Siavash in comparison with tradition of mourning in Shahnameh
najmodin gilani azar noosh gilani

Killing of Siavash by Torranians caused a type of mourning rituals in Iran known as Siavash mourning or Siavashan. In Lorish and Kurdish region, the mourning rituals called Ghamar and the performance in these areas are the same. This Paper has been written to examine th More

Killing of Siavash by Torranians caused a type of mourning rituals in Iran known as Siavash mourning or Siavashan. In Lorish and Kurdish region, the mourning rituals called Ghamar and the performance in these areas are the same. This Paper has been written to examine the mourning rites in Lurish and Kurdish regions and its resemblances with mourning in Shahnameh. In these regions, it seems the mourning ceremonies shares a lot in common with mourning rituals in ancient Iran particularly with Shahnameh. In this paper, there has been tried to pay the comparative essay on the mourning rituals in Lurish and Kurdish regions and the mourning in Shahnameh, referring to the field and library methods and sources. Manuscript profile

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17 - بررسی خواص آنتی اکسیدانی و شناسایی ترکیبات شیمیایی عصاره های حاصل از برگ گیاه ‏پرسیاوشان(‏Adiantum capillus-veneris‏) ‏
محمد مهدی نعمت شاهی امیر حسین الهامی راد نفیسه نعمت شاهی سید حسین استیری

10.30495/jfst.2021.678973

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18 - Formalistic criticism on Arash the Archer Anthology of Siavash kasraie
masoomeh mohammadi

One of the methods for review of literary texts is formalistic glance to worksliterature. this way, Meanwhile, close delaminating on the components andelements of the text, relying on frequency and connections between literary figureor form components are checked. The a More

One of the methods for review of literary texts is formalistic glance to worksliterature. this way, Meanwhile, close delaminating on the components andelements of the text, relying on frequency and connections between literary figureor form components are checked. The authors of this paper a briefintroduction contains information about the life and poetry of Siavash kasraie, byformalistic looking, while reviewing elements of Arash the Archer text, try inthree major fields : A - aspects of language, b - rhetorical aspects and (c) - anarrative poem the coordination or lack of coordination among its componentstheir system. This long poem is important from different aspects of language,grammatical, stylistic, morphological, syntactic, semantic, musical, rhetorical,literary, political, social, and show its values, requires a careful examination of allaspects such as the way of author, have adopted. Manuscript profile

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19 - *
kazem kalantar ebrahim estaji

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20 - Siavash is a self-fulfilling personality (based on Abraham Maslow's theory)
mohammad namdari mahdi rezaei

In the 20th century, many psychological schools emerged that dealt with various aspects of the human psyche and achieved surprising results. One of these psychological schools, which, unlike other psychological schools, focuses on the positive and bright aspects of huma More

In the 20th century, many psychological schools emerged that dealt with various aspects of the human psyche and achieved surprising results. One of these psychological schools, which, unlike other psychological schools, focuses on the positive and bright aspects of human life, is the American humanistic psychology of Abraham Maslowe. He conducted his research on the healthiest people in society and came to the conclusion that there are a small percentage of people in society who will achieve self-fulfillment and perfection if all their physical and mental needs are met. There are many great characters and sublime people in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, who are considered as clear examples of perfect and developed people of Abraham Maslow's plan and model. One of these characters is Siavash, the son of Kay Kavos, who is one of the most beloved heroes of the Shahnameh.In this article, using the descriptive-analytical method and with the help of library sources, we first discussed the components of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, then we reached this conclusion by briefly examining Siavash's character in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh based on the components provided by Maslow about self-fulfilling people. that Siavash, according to his ethics, behavior and decisions he has made in facing the events of his life, such as: acceptance of himself and others, having independence and privacy, a correct understanding of reality, appreciation for the surrounding phenomena, strong interpersonal relationships, a sense of sympathy , experiences, resistance to acculturation, can be considered among the clear examples of self-fulfilling people who want Manuscript profile

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21 - A Camparison of Siavash, the Ideal Man of Shahnameh with Noah, the Perfect Man of Torah
Mehdi Rezazadeh Ghazaan Sirus Shamisa Abdolreza Modarreszadeh Younes Hammami Lalehzar

Siavash, in Shahnameh, and Noah, in Torah, are neither similar nor contemporary; however, both have one thing in common, that is, being the perfect and ideal men. Their sacred and divine attributes have always been desired by human beings. In Shahnameh, idealism is refl More

Siavash, in Shahnameh, and Noah, in Torah, are neither similar nor contemporary; however, both have one thing in common, that is, being the perfect and ideal men. Their sacred and divine attributes have always been desired by human beings. In Shahnameh, idealism is reflected in Siavash's manner, the ideal human being of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh in a mythical and epic narrative; and in Torah, it is portrayed through Noah's character who is the perfect man of this historical-religious narrative. The characteristics depicted of an ideal human being in Shahname which is a literary source repleted with the moral and ethical points are not so different from those reflected in Torah. As a wise sage, Ferdowsi attempts to highlight the divine and eternal characteristics in Siavash to adapt him with the mythical view and to make him acceptable based on the religious criteria. Accordingly, Siavash's story, despite being mentioned in Mehri's and Mazdisani's texts prior to Shahnameh, has always been interesting to Muslim Iranians. Comparing Siavash's and Noah's characters and analyzing some of the personal, moral, and educational characteristics of these two mythical and religious characters, one realizes that they both are similar in manners, educative criteria, and didactic values. It could also be inferred that morality, educative criteria, and didactic values are very close in Shahnameh and Torah.       Manuscript profile

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22 - Kei Khosrow and Bahrām Gor: An Intertextual Reading of Shānāmeh and Haft Paykar
Rezā Refāee Qadimi Mashhad Hoseinali Qobādi

Shānāmeh, as an exemplary pattern for Persian epics, has been the source of numerous epic works. Based on an intertextual reading, in the present article the attempt is made to study the influence of the Shānāmeh on Haft Paykar in the creation of the mythological person More

Shānāmeh, as an exemplary pattern for Persian epics, has been the source of numerous epic works. Based on an intertextual reading, in the present article the attempt is made to study the influence of the Shānāmeh on Haft Paykar in the creation of the mythological personality of Bahrām Gor (Bahrām the Onager). The present study seeks to explore the mythological personality of Kei Khosrow in Shānāmeh that has inspired Nizami Ganjavi in the processing of Bahrām Gor 's character. Nizami Ganjavi's reference at the beginning of Haft Paykar to Shānāmeh and the textual evidence reinforces this claim.  So, one can find a pattern for the creation of the character of Bahrām Gor according to Nizami Ganjavi's narrative. Based on the thoughts of Gérard Genette and by using a descriptive-analytical method and intertextual approach, the article tries to examine the characters of Bahrām Gor and Kei Khosrow in Shānāmeh and Haft Paykar. The results show that explicit and implicit intertextual relationships are presented in cases such as the actions and behaviors and mystical personality of the two characters and the dreams and predictions of the elders about them.   Manuscript profile

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23 - The Discourse of Mythological Resistance in the Story of Siāvash; A Semantic and Semiotic Analysis
Ebrāhim Kanāni

In mythological resistance, a centralized presence with an internal power is formed and subject acts as a discursive actor. Siāvash, as a subject and discursive actor, is one of the central characters of Shāhnāmeh who has achieved an internal power. He presents a cohere More

In mythological resistance, a centralized presence with an internal power is formed and subject acts as a discursive actor. Siāvash, as a subject and discursive actor, is one of the central characters of Shāhnāmeh who has achieved an internal power. He presents a coherent and transcendental image of the "centralized presence". This presence places the subject as the symbol of identity in the center of discourse. The rival subject adjusts his presence in relation to Siāvash and involves in a mutual interaction or a challenging relationship with him. This confrontation and interaction between them appears in the form of two macro-narratives of resistance and tolerance. The main question is "how the discourse of mythological resistance and consequently, the discourses of resistance and tolerance have been realized in the story of Siāvash". In fact, the purpose of the present research is to examine the method of realization of the discourse of resistance semantically and semiotically, and its impact on the formation of identity and value. Based on descriptive-analytical method, in the present article the attempt is made to show that the subject (Siāvash) defends fulfilling contracts and righteousness by using the techniques of the mythological resistance. On the other hand, the rival subject stands in front of him and forces him to obey, but the subject resists.     Manuscript profile

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24 - The Myths of Siavash and Kotan Utunnai: A Comparative Study in Persian and Far East Mythologies; Based on Joseph Campbell's Approach
Saeed Akhavāni Fattāneh Mahmoudi

  Today's human interpretation of mythology suggests that myth is more than fiction. In the age of pre-science and pre-philosophy, the answers to questions of human beings could be found in myths. One of the issues raised about myth, is the similarity of the myths More

  Today's human interpretation of mythology suggests that myth is more than fiction. In the age of pre-science and pre-philosophy, the answers to questions of human beings could be found in myths. One of the issues raised about myth, is the similarity of the myths of various tribes and civilizations. Thus, the question arises: what is the reason of the similarity of myths among the unrelated tribes? By using the analytic-comparative method, the present article tries to compare the myth of "Siavash" in Iran with Kotan Utunnai, an epic belonged to Ainu (the indigenous people of Japan).  In the research, the archetype of hero's journey, proposed by Joseph Campbell, as the theoretical basis, and the triple steps of hero's journey, as the variable of the study, are considered. The results show that the people who lived in the age of myth, regardless of their different languages and cultures, had common epistemological and ontological foundations that are represented in myths. Manuscript profile

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25 - Exploring Similarities between the Iranian Mourning Ritual of Siavash and Greek Rituals of Dionysia and Adonia
Elham Khodavandgari S.Hashem Hoseini

10.30495/mmlq.2024.709386

Rituals have long served as reflections of a society's culture, beliefs, and attitudes. Within different societies globally, a significant aspect of mythology is dedicated to fertility rituals, often symbolizing the cyclical death and rebirth of nature portrayed through More

Rituals have long served as reflections of a society's culture, beliefs, and attitudes. Within different societies globally, a significant aspect of mythology is dedicated to fertility rituals, often symbolizing the cyclical death and rebirth of nature portrayed through the demise and subsequent revival of a god or goddess. A notable example is the mourning ritual of Siavash, a prominent figure in Iranian myth, known as Siavashan. This ritual celebrates his symbolic reincarnation in the form of a plant and his son Kei-Khosrow, embodying the concept of the god/hero's death and rebirth as part of the natural and temporal cycle. In Greek mythology, the Dionysia and Adonia festivals honor Dionysus and commemorate Adonis respectively, both fertility deities whose rituals focus on their deaths and resurrections. One aim of this article is to draw parallels between the Siavashan ritual and the Dionysia and Adonia ceremonies. Through an analytical-comparative approach, all three rituals are examined to reveal their shared characteristics. Despite differences in culture and geography, the research highlights the interconnectedness of world myths. The key commonalities among these rituals include the annual mourning ceremony and celebration of resurrection, often accompanied by customs like carrying icons, performing sacrifices, music, and singing mournful songs, typically led by women. Manuscript profile

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26 - Two Theories about the Story of Siyāvash; Based on the Views of Tajik, Russian and Iranian Scholars of Shahnāmeh
nasrin bazgir

Looking at the story of Siyāvash with some myths that are ethically and structurally unfit to this story turns a blind eye on the reality of the story that has a firm connection with the character of Rostam. If we notice to views of European fair minded scholars about t More

Looking at the story of Siyāvash with some myths that are ethically and structurally unfit to this story turns a blind eye on the reality of the story that has a firm connection with the character of Rostam. If we notice to views of European fair minded scholars about the antiquity of Avestā as well as some Iranian scholars who study the subject phenomenologically, then we will know the Iranian themes in the story and how it differs from myths of fertility. First time, Afrasiab appointed Siyāvash as ruler of a fertile region called Kangdezh. Siyāvash made a guard wall around it with the help of Farre Kiyani (the gift of Divine grace); according to Bundahishn, it had 15 gates and the distance of each gate from the other was 15 days trekking time. For the second time, Afrasiab wanted Siyāvash to make another region near his capital; then Siyāvash made another city called Sharestane Siyāvashgerd. The present article wants to show that new archaeological researches are needed in Dushanbe and Bukhārā for these reasons: Narshakhi (ca. 899–959) points that the tomb of Siyāvash is located in the gate of Bukhārā; and there is a refurbished gate in Dushanbe and probably another gates in the city; and finally Siyāvashgerd is situated in limits of a wall. Manuscript profile

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27 - The Myths of Siyāvash, Osiris and Attis: A Comparative Analysis
محمود رضایی دشت ارژنه پروین گلیزاده

  Fertility is a subject that has not been noticed in the myth of Siyāvash. But we can trace it in Ferdowsi's epic, Shāhnāmeh. In fact, Siyāvash is the god of vegetation and fertility who has transformed into a prince. The present article tries to show More

  Fertility is a subject that has not been noticed in the myth of Siyāvash. But we can trace it in Ferdowsi's epic, Shāhnāmeh. In fact, Siyāvash is the god of vegetation and fertility who has transformed into a prince. The present article tries to show the similarities among Siyāvash and Osiris (Egyptian god of the Afterlife, the Underworld and the Dead), and Attis, (Phrygian vegetation god) by comparing them. They have a direct relationship with the nature. Each one of them has a goddess whose function is to prepare the grounds for death and resurrection (spring and winter). There is also a special rite in each of them.   Manuscript profile

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28 - "Myth of Trial by Ordeal" and Fire in Shāhnāmeh
Naqmeh Dādvar

During several centuries, what has remained of the fasinating ritual of "trial by ordeal" is swearing. Trial by ordeal was a common ritual among the nations and religions, and was considered a judicium Dei and the ultimate test to distinguish innocencent from guilty. So More

During several centuries, what has remained of the fasinating ritual of "trial by ordeal" is swearing. Trial by ordeal was a common ritual among the nations and religions, and was considered a judicium Dei and the ultimate test to distinguish innocencent from guilty. Some instances of it have been cited in Vis and Rāmin, Masnavi, Salāmān va Absal, Makhzan al-Asrār, History of Yaqoubi, Haft Eqlim, Āsār al Belād va Akhbār al Ebād, Tadhkirat-ul-Awliyā, Avesta, Torah, Pahlavi texts and code of Hammurabi inscription. "Passing of Siyāvash through the fire" is the most familiar example of trial by ordeal in the collective memory of Iranians. The reasons why the "myth of trial by ordeal" in Shāhnāmeh is an outstanding example, is the main subject of the present article. So, at first, the significance of fire among the ancient nations and religions is considered. Then, after citing some tests of "passing through the fire" in historical, religious and literary texts, the myth of "passing of Siyāvash through the fire" as the most impressive and lasting instance is introduced. Manuscript profile

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29 - A New Interpreation of The Story of Siyāvash and Sudābeh
قدمعلی سرّامی

  The tale of Siyāvash and Sudābeh is one of the stories of Shāhnāmeh. In Zoroastrian tradition, Siyāvash is a symbol of innocence and goodness and vice versa Sudābeh is a symbol of evil and beastly passion. But, according to Mithraism, they are mutually interdepe More

  The tale of Siyāvash and Sudābeh is one of the stories of Shāhnāmeh. In Zoroastrian tradition, Siyāvash is a symbol of innocence and goodness and vice versa Sudābeh is a symbol of evil and beastly passion. But, according to Mithraism, they are mutually interdependent. This article will analyze this relationship based on a new interpretation and with respect to the doctrines of Islamic mysticism.     Manuscript profile

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30 - شکوه سیاوش در آیینة عرفان
ناهید جعفری

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31 - تحلیل مضمونی چند نمونه از نگاره‌های «گذر سیاوش بر آتش» در شاهنامه فردوسی
سعید زاویه ایرج داداشی آمنه مافی تبار

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Open Access Article

32 - Siyāvash in Persian Literature
نسرین شکیبی ممتاز

    Siyāvash, a mythical figure in Persian mythology, is an important character in Shāhnāmeh, Ferdowsi’s epic. He is the symbol of purity and innocence in Persian culture. The present article, by taking into account the historical debates on Siyāvash, More

    Siyāvash, a mythical figure in Persian mythology, is an important character in Shāhnāmeh, Ferdowsi’s epic. He is the symbol of purity and innocence in Persian culture. The present article, by taking into account the historical debates on Siyāvash, tries to illuminate his character in Persian literature.     Manuscript profile

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33 - The Oppositional Structure of the Story of Siavash; Based on the Theory of Lévi-Strauss
Mohammad ChāhārMahāli Maryam Shabānzādeh Mahmood Hasanabādi

In the mythical-epic story of Siavash in Shāhnāmeh, "opposition" is an impressive concept and shows itself in the relationships between characters and events. Based on the theory of Lévi-Strauss, in this story, the basis of all events is two opposed principles: " More

In the mythical-epic story of Siavash in Shāhnāmeh, "opposition" is an impressive concept and shows itself in the relationships between characters and events. Based on the theory of Lévi-Strauss, in this story, the basis of all events is two opposed principles: "attribution of high value to kinship relations" and "attribution of low value to kinship relations". There are two kind of "opposition" in the story. 1. Internal opposition that refers to confrontation between Sudabeh and Siavash in the land of Iran and the harem of Kai Kāvus; this opposition provokes Siavash's pride and then his rejection; also it refers to the battle between Kai Khosrow and Fariborz, and Tus and Goudarz's controversy in favor of the two characters in the succession of Kai Kāvus. The cause of this confrontation is kinship and blood-relationship or, as Lévi-Strauss says, "attribution of high value to kinship relations". 2. External opposition that refers to the conspiracy of Garsivaz and the quarrel of Afrasiab with Siavash that leads to the death of Siavash. The cause of this confrontation is enmity and hostility or, as Lévi-Strauss says, "attribution of low value to kinship relations". Also, the principle of "attribution of high value to kinship relations" refers to the dream of Afrasiab and Siavash and the principle of "attribution of low value to kinship relations" refers to the dream of Piran Viseh and Goudarz Kashvad.  Manuscript profile

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34 - Psychological Analysis of the Story of Siyāvash Based on Freudian Pattern of "Structure of Mind"
Mohammadreza Rozbeh Kayānoosh Dāniyāri

Freud's psychoanalytic theory has deeply influenced the literary works and works of art, and gave rise to psychological criticism. Personal unconscious and structure of mind theories are the most eminent results of Freudian outlook. According to these theories, the stru More

Freud's psychoanalytic theory has deeply influenced the literary works and works of art, and gave rise to psychological criticism. Personal unconscious and structure of mind theories are the most eminent results of Freudian outlook. According to these theories, the structure of mind has a tripartite structure: ego, id and super ego. Each one reflects a dimension of the human mind. In the story of Siyāvash, as narrated in Shahnameh, the prominent characters are the representative of the tripartite; Sudabeh as the symbol of id, Siyāvash as the super ego and Kavus as the ego. Action and reaction each one of them explains the structure of human mind. In the same way, and from another perspective, Afrasiab, king of Turan, can be seen as symbol of ego, Garsivaz, the brother of Afrasiab, as the symbol of id and Siyāvash as the symbol of super ego. Based on such an analysis, the present article reconsiders the story of Siyāvash. Manuscript profile

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35 - The Archetype of Hero in the Epic Poem of Ārash-e Kamāngīr
fateme kopa narges mohammadi badr mostafa gorji khiroalnesa mohamadpor

  Archetype, as the most important term of Jungian psychoanalysis, refers to old images and instincts that rooted in collective unconscious. The contents of unconscious are revealed in myths, religions, dreams, imagination and literary works. The importance of epi More

  Archetype, as the most important term of Jungian psychoanalysis, refers to old images and instincts that rooted in collective unconscious. The contents of unconscious are revealed in myths, religions, dreams, imagination and literary works. The importance of epic works, as the place of manifestation of myths and archetypes, is undeniable. The present article tries to analyze the archetype of hero in the epic poem of Ārash-e Kamāngīr (Ārash the Archer) of Siyāvash Kasrāei. Every man has a hero in his heart and begins his own journey which becomes a way for self-knowledge and individual growth. The present research shows that the archetype of hero is represented in personality of Ārash, and he receives self knowledge and knows his real “self” by trekking the ups and downs of the archetype. From social point of view, the epic is also a symbol of Iranians’ collective and national identity Manuscript profile

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36 - Utopia and Ideal Kings in Shahnameh and the Story of Siavash
Hasanali Abāspour Esfeden Amad Ranjbar

Even though, Thomas More, English writer and philosopher, proposed the term of “utopia” for first time, man has always tried to portray and imagine an ideal society which is free from injustice, failure and misfortune. Man’s motive behind creating utop More

Even though, Thomas More, English writer and philosopher, proposed the term of “utopia” for first time, man has always tried to portray and imagine an ideal society which is free from injustice, failure and misfortune. Man’s motive behind creating utopias was to reduce suffering and pain and point at the problems and merits of his own society. Many poets, writers and philosophers, like Plato, Aristotle, Al-Farabi and Nezami, have spoken about the characters and formation of the ideal society. In ancient Iran, as cited in Shahnāmeh, there are ideal kings like Jamshid, Fereydun, Kai Khosrow and Siavash; and ideal places like Kangdezh and Siyavashgerd. In the present article, some of these characters and places in the story of Siavash will be studied. Manuscript profile

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37 - Transformation of Sudabeh's character in the Siyavash story of Shahnameh
Aghdas Fātehi

The present article discusses the process of transformation of the character of an ancient goddess of water. In the age of prehistory and as a result of interaction of myths, the beliefs and rites about the water goddess were propagated in Mesopotamia. In Iran and in th More

The present article discusses the process of transformation of the character of an ancient goddess of water. In the age of prehistory and as a result of interaction of myths, the beliefs and rites about the water goddess were propagated in Mesopotamia. In Iran and in the process of formation of the character of the water goddess, this myth adapted herself to male-dominated patterns of Indo-Iranian tribes and to the current social traditions of Iran; on the other hand, according to the Gussāns (poets and story-tellers) of Parthian (Arsacids) and Kushans, she lost her situation and descended from her divine place. Her roots and divine origin were forgotten, and, finally, for belittling women and other various changes, she acquired new characteristics and was put in the limelight as Sudābeh. Also, Dumuzi, the god of vegetation and connected with the Mesopotamian water goddess, transformed to two characters in Iranian mythology: Siyāvash that his role is like the Mesopotamian murdered god, and Kei-Khosrow that, as a god, gives new life to Siyāvash. These characters, manifest in Shahnāmeh of Abumansuri in the story of Siyāvash and Sudābeh, and then through that book they appear in Shahnāmeh of Ferdowsi.  Manuscript profile

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38 - Mythic Analysis of Dard-e Siāvash; Reconsideration of 1953 Iranian Coup d’état in the Light of Myths
Hoseinali Qobādi Saeed Bozorq Beiqdeli Mohammad Alijāni

In the passage of time, the myths influence and are influenced by the social and political events occurring at the present time. In the contemporary history of Iran, 1953 Iranian coup d’état as one the most impressive contemporary events inclined Iranian wr More

In the passage of time, the myths influence and are influenced by the social and political events occurring at the present time. In the contemporary history of Iran, 1953 Iranian coup d’état as one the most impressive contemporary events inclined Iranian writers and novelists to notice to myths that are reflection of unconscious of Iranian people after the coup. EsmāilFasih’s Dard-e Siāvash (The Pain of Siavash), as one of the prominent novel, points to prevailing tendency to myths in those days.  Employing descriptive-analytical method and mythological criticism, the present article tries to consider the themes existing in mythical literature and the resonance of the myths in the novel. The research shows that based on his personality, social situation and intellectual climate, the writer recreates characters, narrations and mythic spaces relying upon the story of Siavash in Shāhnāmeh. Esmāil Fasih designates the time of death of the hero of the story, Siavash, on 19 August 1953 (28 Mordad). By doing so, the writer identifies the hero with Mosaddegh and refers to the role of hero-killing among Iranians. In other words, he generalizes the space of the story to the whole history of Iran. Manuscript profile

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39 - The Symbolic Reflection of Fire in Two Stories of Masnavi Manavi: A Comparative Study
mohammad safehiyan zakiye rashid abadi

From way back, man has paid attention to fire and its place in the man’s life. One of the functions of fire is purification. In spite of burning, fire brings purity and cleanliness. According to mythological beliefs, the flaming fire is a battlefield between clean More

From way back, man has paid attention to fire and its place in the man’s life. One of the functions of fire is purification. In spite of burning, fire brings purity and cleanliness. According to mythological beliefs, the flaming fire is a battlefield between cleanliness and wickedness. In the present article, at first, we consider the symbolic concept of fire in various myths that indicates to passing from fire (the exam of fire) and ascend to a higher stage. Then, after considering the myth of ‘passing of Siyāvash through the fire’ and the story of ‘Abraham in fire’, we compare them with another two stories of Masnavi Manavi of Jalāl al-Din Rūmi. They are the story of ‘casting the child into the fire’ and the fable of ‘reply to the materialist who says that the world is eternal’. We try to show that Jalāl al-Din Rūmi has been aware of the ancient symbolic and mythical concepts and has recreated them.  Manuscript profile

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40 - Siavash and the Myth of Eternal Return
Vahid Rouyāni Mansour Hātaminezhād

The story of Siavash in Shāhnāmeh is an epic with dramatic and tragic elements.Having mythic roots enables us to analyze it by using new approaches. One of these new approaches is Mircea Eliade’s ‘eternal return’according to which gods have especial ch More

The story of Siavash in Shāhnāmeh is an epic with dramatic and tragic elements.Having mythic roots enables us to analyze it by using new approaches. One of these new approaches is Mircea Eliade’s ‘eternal return’according to which gods have especial characters, their origin is uncertain, they are killed innocently in youth, their death is the beginning of changes and new developments, and after their death mysterious rites are formed concerning the death they had faced. With respect to features of Siavash and the rites held after his death, as mentioned in the epic, mythical and historical texts, it seems that he is one of these gods and a symbol of process of becoming. His soul is tired of passing time and wants to reborn by returning to eternal time; his believers reach to this ‘eternal return’ by attending in his mourning rituals through which each one become a Siavash. Manuscript profile

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41 - The effect of high intensity interval training and Adiantum capillus-veneris extract supplementation on HIF-1α levels and bronchial and bronchiole apoptosis in lung tissue of male Wistar rats
Saber Niazi shadmehr Mirdar

10.22034/ascij.2022.1944585.1338

High intensity interval training is associated with impaired immune function and cellular damage in lung tissue. Adiantum capillus-veneris has been considered as an herbal supplementation in traditional medicine as an antioxidant. Therefore, the present study investigat More

High intensity interval training is associated with impaired immune function and cellular damage in lung tissue. Adiantum capillus-veneris has been considered as an herbal supplementation in traditional medicine as an antioxidant. Therefore, the present study investigated the effect of high-intensity interval training on HIF-1α levels and the rate of bronchial and bronchiole apoptosis in lung tissue. For this purpose, 24 healthy Wistar male rats (4 weeks with a mean weight of 72 ± 9 g) were divided into experimental (n = 18) and control (n = 6) groups. After 6 weeks of high-intensity interval training, 6 rats in the experimental group were transferred to the supplement group (n = 6), continued training (n = 6) and exercise supplement (n = 6), and were monitored for another three weeks. At the end of the ninth week, lung tissue samples were taken and assayed to measure HIF-1α levels and bronchial and bronchiole apoptosis. One-way analysis of variance at the significant level (p ≥ 0.05) was used to analyze the data. The results showed that despite a significant increase in HIF-1α and bronchial apoptosis and pulmonary bronchioles (p ≥ 0.05) following increased exercise activity of Adiantum capillus-veneris, herbal supplementation in both supplemental group alone and exercise supplementation was significantly decreased. (p ≥ 0.05) associated with HIF-1α, bronchial apoptosis and bronchial lung tissue. Therefore, Adiantum Capillus-Veneris can lead to a decrease in HIF-1α levels and associated bronchial apoptosis and pulmonary bronchioles. Manuscript profile

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42 - Studying of Epic Characteristic of Jarira , with an Approach to the Theory of Intera-texualism ( Based on the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi, Pre-Islamic Texts and the texts of Islamic Era )
Fatemeh Haji Rahimi Kianoosh Biranvand

Abstract         Comprehending any story requires information about its present and past resources. Knowing and better understanding the stories of the Shahnameh won't be possible unless one knows the pre-texts and their relationship More

Abstract         Comprehending any story requires information about its present and past resources. Knowing and better understanding the stories of the Shahnameh won't be possible unless one knows the pre-texts and their relationship to each other. The present research which has been done through qualitative method and by descriptive-analytic approach, deals with the fable of Jarira and the narrative related to it in the Shahnameh. The research is based on the theory which in the stage of transferring the mythological characters to the world of epic, the grand goddess of water and land and fairies ( pari ) in the ancient times lose their characteristics by factors such as the transposition of the myths and fading paradisical color and take the form of Jarira in epic. In these surveys which have been done according to historical evidences, it has been tried to prove that it was these narrators and musicians of the courts of Partians and Kushanians who in the era concurrent with the formulation of epic, in re-narrating the qualities and manners of this ancient mythological character have imposed the desired patriarchal society  in regard to humiliating ideas about the women. The traits such as  her lower personality in the Shahnameh, her beauty, extra humanistic actions  and her love affairs, her reproductivity and ultimately her disappearance organize these tenets. Manuscript profile

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43 - تحلیل الگوی کنشی و زنجیره‌های روایی گریماس در حکایت «گذر سیاوش از آتش» از شاهنامۀ فردوسی
نیلوفر محمودی آزیتا راهنورد کهنه شهری

10.30495/bahar.2023.700823

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44 - The Historiographical Infra – Story Regarding the Red Symbol of Siavash Kasraee
Ma'soumeh Sadeghi

Abstract           This essay is concerned with historiographical infra – story which is one of the most common types of post modern stories. In infra story the writer distorts the characters and events from the histor More

Abstract           This essay is concerned with historiographical infra – story which is one of the most common types of post modern stories. In infra story the writer distorts the characters and events from the history. However, he mingles historical events with imaginary elements and illustrates a new story . This research scrutinizes the historical infra-story characteristics in the " red symbol " which is a prose work composed by Siavash Kasraee, one of the famous contemporary poets. Kasraee is a social poet and the red symbol is considered as one of his critical social works. This is an analytical-descriptive research and holds components such as self awareness of nature, the failure of narrating trend, altering the history, myth and time. This prose work is regarded as a prominent historical infra story. Manuscript profile

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45 - The Study on the “Fire Ordeal of Siavosh’s Paintings” Based on the Genette’s Trannstextuality
فاطمه ماه وان

Abstract According to Genette’s theory Shahnameh is a hypotext and its pictures and drawings are considered as hypertext.  Now this question arises that under what circumstances hypertexts of drawings are in accordance with hypotext of Shahnameh and in what More

Abstract According to Genette’s theory Shahnameh is a hypotext and its pictures and drawings are considered as hypertext.  Now this question arises that under what circumstances hypertexts of drawings are in accordance with hypotext of Shahnameh and in what circumstances they undergo transformation and change.  To answer these questions comparative and semiotic approach are applied to both Shahnameh and its drawings.  The tale of fire trial of Siavash which is the most popular and frequent scenes portrayed in the tradition of Persian paintings is chosen.  The present article deals with the role of intertextual relationship between Shahnameh and its pictures in production of its paintings and the study seeks to examine and express how the narrative text had been transformed into a pictorial version.  The study deals with the following questions:  From the standpoint of intertextual relationship to what extent the painting of Siavash’s fire trial shows direct reference to the text?  To what extent the narrative in terms of images undergo changes or rather stay intact?  The research method is as follows:  First the narrative is studied in terms of interpreting the symbolism of the main elements, then comparative approach is applied to the image version of the narrative.  Finally employing Genette’s transtextuality theory, the paintings are analyzed from two perspectives to verify whether or not modifications had taken place in the process of transition of the theme from the text to the image.  The purpose of the article is to provide a practical example to express how the theory of transtextuality lends itself to the body of Persian art studies. Manuscript profile

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46 - Artistic and literary analysis of dream in the text and the painting of the tale “Tus sees Siavash in a dream” from the perspective of criticism of imagination devised by Gaston Bachelard
hamideh hormati Roya Rezapour Mogaddam

Artistic and literary analysis of dream in the text and the painting of the tale “Tus sees Siavash in a dream” from the perspective of criticism of imagination devised by Gaston Bachelard   *Hamideh Hormati Assistant Professor, Persian Literature, Fa More

Artistic and literary analysis of dream in the text and the painting of the tale “Tus sees Siavash in a dream” from the perspective of criticism of imagination devised by Gaston Bachelard   *Hamideh Hormati Assistant Professor, Persian Literature, Faculty member, Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran **Roya Rezapour Moghadam Faculty member, Faculty of Islamic Art, Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran Date of reception: 96/8/27 Date of acceptance: 97/10/19 Abstract Gaston Bachelard, epistemologist, critic, philosopher, recognized as the prime structuralists of France had pioneered a new style of criticism based on the analysis and interpretation of artistic and literary images. Having based his criticism on the four elements, he believed a great deal in material imagination of the poet and its connection with the unconscious and phenomenological issues.  From his epistemological perspective, dream and poetic imagination through the four elements and in terms of mythological archetypes for obvious and obscure reasons find material manifestations.  In order to accept the literary role as well as invoking the feelings of the audience dreams appear with dual images. Analysis and interpretation of the material imagination and this duality respectively unravels the mystery of the text.  The tale of “Tus sees Siavash in a dream” is one of the ten narratives in shahnameh which was painted beautifully in Shah Tahmasb’s Shahnameh as a unique example of portraying dream world of the poet be materialized in the Persian painting.  This article is an attempt to represent the ancient connection between literature and art, painting in particular from the view point of material imagination using Bachelard’s ideas regarding poet’s imagination and its correspondence with the painting only to determine the standpoint of four elements in Ferdowsi’s imagination and how they found expression in terms of words and images, also to reveal to what extent they correspond with Bachelard’s criticism of imagination in poetry and painting.  According to the findings it can be said that the poet and the painter had made use of Bachelard’s material imagination and dialectic duality in creation of their works. * . hormati@tabriziau.ac.ir ** . rezapour@tabrizau.ac.ir Manuscript profile

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47 - Analysis of the structure in the tales of Sohrab, Siavash, and Forud according to Strauss’s theory
parvin paykani rahman zabihi alirwza shohani mohammad taghi jahani

Abstract Levi Strauss, French anthropologist for recognizing the structure of myths breaks them into their basic components and attempts to discover their underlying causes by setting a new arrangement.  Applying Strauss’s theory to the tale of Sohrab, Siava More

Abstract Levi Strauss, French anthropologist for recognizing the structure of myths breaks them into their basic components and attempts to discover their underlying causes by setting a new arrangement.  Applying Strauss’s theory to the tale of Sohrab, Siavash, and Forud, this article is an attempt to analyze the structure of the tales using descriptive analytic method.The three aforementioned heroes, are half cast warriors in Shahnameh whose love for their fathers’ land and doing service to their mothers’ land are their common characteristics.  The binary oppositions of self vs other (Persian/ non Persian) father vs son, Patriarchy /matriarchy are three main oppositions in the stories which play pivotal role in the emergence of the tragedy.  The results obtained show that the residence of the hero in his motherland in itself creates the opposition of self vs other and plays the most important factor in his destiny.  Also encounter and battle with the half cast hero is superior to the battle with the enemy and the seemingly accidental actions of the Iranians lead to the death of the hero in the tale of Sohrab and Forud.  This is due to the opposition between the patriarchal beliefs of Iranians against the matriarchal beliefs of other cultures. Manuscript profile

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48 - Mythic reason for defeating Forod by Bijan
حمیدرضا خوارزمی

Mythic reason for defeating Forod by Bijan Man has always tried to dominate nature and to rule or to accept nature in the form of beliefs of domination. The pattern of human design in beliefs is based on their own mental criteria, and therefore, we see human ideals in More

Mythic reason for defeating Forod by Bijan Man has always tried to dominate nature and to rule or to accept nature in the form of beliefs of domination. The pattern of human design in beliefs is based on their own mental criteria, and therefore, we see human ideals in these attitudes With the difference that some people have used their imagination. The epic stories that originate from the mythical stories of any country can be understood by discovering the originality of the mythical story and putting together several other stories. In this research, we are looking for the answer to the question of why the Bijan conquer Forod and what is the mystery and mystery of killing the epic characters at the hands of his family? The author seeks to answer the above questions using descriptive and analytical mythical patterns. According to the hypothesis, the only weapon of labor on individuals in some stories is their own family tools. Key word: Sayyash Armor, Bijan, Myth, Epic Manuscript profile

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49 - The interpretation of Siavash’s dream in Shahnameh from the perspective of traditional dream interpretation and Jung’spsychology
Seyedeh zahra Saberi nikoo Mir Jalaladin Kazazi Mousa Parnian

Abstract One of common grounds between literature and psychology is the concept of dreaming and its interpretation.  The most significant resemblance lies in their symbolic language.  In numerous literary and historical works of nations one comes across accou More

Abstract One of common grounds between literature and psychology is the concept of dreaming and its interpretation.  The most significant resemblance lies in their symbolic language.  In numerous literary and historical works of nations one comes across account of dreams that are realized and interpreted by dream interpreters.  Shahnameh as a singular literary work is no exception in this regard to an extent that this recurring feature can be considered as a motif.  Sometimes these dreams are fully realized, at times half come true and other times are totally symbolic.   Jung’s individual and collective unconscious arguments and traditional dream interpretation approach are applied to Siavash’s dream in Shahnameh in order to arrive at an interpretation so that it can be compared with the interpretation provided in the narrative tale.  The method of research in this article is analysis and comparison.  In traditional dream interpretation, every single symbol in the dream is interpreted according to the Persian and Islamic dream interpretation books, but in the Psychological dream analysis section first in view of Siavash’s life, personality and his temperaments and also in view of Jung’s free association method, the symbols in his dream are analyzed, then in the final part the structural similarities of this dream are compared with a certain ancient myth.   The result shows that irrespective of the approaches applied, the perfect juxtaposition of symbols in the dream are well in accordance with the natural trend of the tale in Shahnameh. Manuscript profile

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50 - Descriptive characteristics of the poetry book of Arash, the archer composed by Siavash Kasraei according to Nima’s descriptive theory
Shamsi Parsa

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to explain the descriptive characteristics of the poetry book of Arash, the archer composed by Siavash Kasraei according to Nima Yushij’s descriptive theory.  Since description is one of the main tenets in Nima’s p More

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to explain the descriptive characteristics of the poetry book of Arash, the archer composed by Siavash Kasraei according to Nima Yushij’s descriptive theory.  Since description is one of the main tenets in Nima’s poetic theory and also because Kasraei is a follower of Nima’s poetic style this article is concerned with the study of this poem from this perspective using descriptive analytic method.  The results obtained show that different themes such as nature and its elements, characters, abstract phenomena, time, place, and objects are described in this poetry book. Expressive devices employed in these descriptions fall into two groups of poetic and grammatical ones, the latter used with higher frequency than the former.  Among the grammatical devices adjective has the most frequency in describing different subjects, and amid the poetic devices simile and personification have the most frequency.  Since employing adjective and simile are regarded as the elements of description, therefore it can be concluded that Kasraei’s poetry book is a descriptive one.  One interesting feature of this work is the application of many different descriptive devices to express one single theme.  Sometimes on the other hand he uses one device repetitively in describing different themes.  In general it can be said that Kasraei had been under the influence of Nima’s descriptive theory in composing this collection and had profited from its precepts. Manuscript profile

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51 - New findings regarding the Tale of Siavash amid the Kurdish narrative by Almas khan Kanoule’ei
zahra jamshidi abas mohamadian

Abstract The glory of the tales and their captivating features in Shahnameh have always been the focus of attention by the local poets.  Kurdish poets are no exceptions to this rule and had many times embarked on translation or representation of Shahnameh tales.&n More

Abstract The glory of the tales and their captivating features in Shahnameh have always been the focus of attention by the local poets.  Kurdish poets are no exceptions to this rule and had many times embarked on translation or representation of Shahnameh tales.  One example of such influence is the book of poetry, Siavashnameh the invaluable work composed by Almas Khan Kandulei in Kurdish Gurani dialect following the example of the Tale of Siavash.  The Kurdish poet made an attempt to avoid mere translation and imitation and pay attention to literary creation.  To achieve this end, he narrates the story with more details to recreate another collection of poetry for this reason one encounters more precise cause and effect relations, and plots are more solid than its counterpart in Shahnameh, hence it could be used as a key to solve certain ambiguities in the tale of Siavash in Shahnameh and serve to provide solutions for the questions as yet left unanswered.  The writers of this article while making an effort to introduce Almas Khan and deal with his biography and works, also made an attempt to examine the two tales in terms of narrative, content, and events in the story and cite their points of difference employing comparative analytic method.  Moreover for certain actions and events in the story appropriate mythological analysis are provided. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

52 - A pattern in the geometry of tragedy with reference to theTragedy of Siavash in Shahnameh
M.N Bazargan

Aristotle made exact generalizations regarding the art of poetry, its different kinds, and the expected objects of each.  Despite the variety of views in this discipline, this subject is of permanent value as a mere intellectual achievement. One of the issues he ha More

Aristotle made exact generalizations regarding the art of poetry, its different kinds, and the expected objects of each.  Despite the variety of views in this discipline, this subject is of permanent value as a mere intellectual achievement. One of the issues he has expouned on with great care and concentration is that of tragedy.  In his view, tragedy occurs in an atmosphere filled with emotions of pity and fear leading to purgation of emotion or Catharsis.  In this article, other features of tragedy with reference to the tragedy of Siavash in Shahnameh are discussed.  Then the tripartite pattern repeated in many well known tragedies in the world is introduced, and finally the conclusion drawn from the common structure in the geometry of the tragedies is further discussed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

53 - The analysis of the quality of the awakening of the hero within in character of Seyavash and Kay Khosrow based on the theory of Pearson- K. Marr
Mohammad Javad Assarian Sayyed Ali Ghasemzadeh Mohammad Hossein Sardaghi

Without a doubt Shahnameh is a universal text whose humane ethical system goes far beyond the race and geographic barriers.  Hence it is not surprising to see the rare capacity of Shahnameh to accommodate so many characters and to attribute world symbols and human More

Without a doubt Shahnameh is a universal text whose humane ethical system goes far beyond the race and geographic barriers.  Hence it is not surprising to see the rare capacity of Shahnameh to accommodate so many characters and to attribute world symbols and human character archetypes to them.  This research is based on the psychological and archetypal approach used by Carol S. Pearson and Hugh K. Marr in the theory of “Awakening the hero within” and Joseph Campbell’s theory in “The hero’s journey”.  Descriptive analytic method was used to prove the above theories in life stories of Seyavash and Kay khosrow in Shahnameh.  The result of this analysis seems to suggest that their lives begin with the archetype “orphan” becomes intrinsic in them despite the changes brought about in their characters and in their life condition, this archetype almost evolves symbolically with death in Siayvash.  The outward and objective expression of this evolutionary transformation and awakening is manifested in Kay Khosrow in the form of “sage” archetype which leads to his awakening.  Therefore the process of Ferdowsi’s characterization from Seyavash to Kay Khosrow  both from the aspect of cycle of life and death ( Plant god and martyre in Seyavash’s being to fertility goddess and life in Kay Khosrow’s being) and the quality of the here’s journey are complementary. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

54 - The analytic study of Siavash's character in Shahnameh based on the Max Webber's theory of the ideal charismatic leader
Roghaieh Sadraie

Shahnameh embraces unique ethical concepts and Ferdowsi has artistically put into verse coming of different champions on the scence.  Among the warriors, Siavash is worthy of attention since he is the only prince who is a symbol of purity.  He has all the char More

Shahnameh embraces unique ethical concepts and Ferdowsi has artistically put into verse coming of different champions on the scence.  Among the warriors, Siavash is worthy of attention since he is the only prince who is a symbol of purity.  He has all the characteristics of an ideal leader be it in thought or speech.  Siavash is a prince who could serve as a mirror reflecting the ultimate dream of nations world wide.  The purpose of this article is to analyze the character of siavash according to Max Webber's characteristics of charismatic leader. Manuscript profile

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