خودشناسی

Open Access Article

1 - A conceptual model for designing of the city central squares,with the approach for identity (case study:Taleqani square in Qaemshahr)
Sedighe Alereza Amiri Farah Habib

City centers are as the cultural assets for the country; looking at them, we remember our past history and the life style of our ancestors. In the past, the city center was the initial point that the city was formed around it and it was known as the symbol of the identi More

City centers are as the cultural assets for the country; looking at them, we remember our past history and the life style of our ancestors. In the past, the city center was the initial point that the city was formed around it and it was known as the symbol of the identity for the city. Nowadays, city centers are transformed to the busiest and the noisiest place in the city which have an uncoordinated architecture; so, the affiliations to the city centers are fading day by day and they are losing their identity gradually. The Identity is the main factor for characterization and discrimination of everything.The identity generally and the place's identity particularly are two important subjects which have the main role for the persons, the objects, the communities and the places characterization.City center is one of the main elements of the city identity and because of its role in the city formation; the historical city centers have a special effect on the city identity. The goal of the present article is to obtain a conceptual model for design of city centers with the identity approach. In the present research the theoretical principles related to three subjects of the city center, the main square and the identity are investigated. The methods of librarian studies, field studies, interviewing and questionnaire distribution are used for this research. Accordingly the designing principles for the city centers and main squares and the urban identity are introduced.The theories of some intellectuals such as K. Lynch, I. Bently, A. Rapoport and J. Jacobs are studied.According to the above theories, the five components of the urban spaces identity are: activity, physics, meaning, culture and environment. Two internal samples (including Imam Ali square in Isfahan and Shohada square in Arak) and three overseas samples (including Detroit city center- USA, Piazza del Campo in Siena- Italy, Baghdad city center- Iraq ) are investigated. Finally a conceptual model is proposed based on the identity approach for designing of a city center. Based on the proposed model, as the case study, some strategies are suggested for designing of the city center of Qaemshahr. The center of Qaemshahr was constructed at the first Pahlavi's time and actually this city center was the initial kernel for the city formation. The consequent developments of Qaemshahr reformed the city center to the current shape. On the other hand, there is a high potential for reclamation and organization in the central region of Qaemshahr. This city center confronts with various problems including traffic, destroying the historical and harmonic facade of the Main Square, unimportant or disorder land usages, and inadequate space for traffic of pedestrians and cyclists. City center could be the remembrance of a beautiful portrait of the city, so its design could make a special identity for the city on the citizens’ mind. More over, a good design has the potential to attract many tourists from everywhere in the country and it leads to the cultural and the economic growth of the city. Manuscript profile

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2 - Self-recognition: The Achievement of Settlement Experience in Architecture Design Class
Masoomeh Yaghoobi Sangherchi Seyed Gholamreza Islami

According to Islam theories, the major duty of human being is to recognize himself, which under this circumstance he would be able to know God too. Scrutinizing such a divine message, we come to this conclusion that human being can achieve the highest aim of creation wh More

According to Islam theories, the major duty of human being is to recognize himself, which under this circumstance he would be able to know God too. Scrutinizing such a divine message, we come to this conclusion that human being can achieve the highest aim of creation while getting the knowledge and recognition of the world’s infinite intelligence. It is obvious that achievement to the greatest aim of creation must be parallel to human perfection. Self-recognition and self-identification are two important issues that should be more concerned by Iran educational system. From this point of view, the success of any subject of education must be evaluated and assessed in terms of this criterion that how high the educational system can realize the human being. Based on what is said, there arises a very particular question: what method of teaching and creation of architectural work can result in self-recognition as the intersection of science and art? As the problem raised in this research has been ignored by many researchers, we got right into the fields involved with the issue of awareness of human conscious such as humanistic psychology, symbolism and phenomenology. The culmination of this analysis is to recognize the fact that all these field, have the same principles and strategies. All these fields strongly focus on the fact that if human is honest toward himself and communicates with the surrounding phenomena in the same manner of dwelling, he can have access on a great part of his own identity. Based on these approaches, phenomena are not things we can see or touch, but they are half recognized in material worlds expecting for being realized completely by creatures. Observing the honesty and avoiding the domineering view can pave the way to achieve the non -visible part of these phenomena. According to scientists` view, human being can have self-recognition with honest communication resulting in growth and development of virtues. This type of self-recognition accompanied by cosmology occurs in daily life activities unconsciously when the human beings have a complete compatibility with the surrounding phenomena and has a dwelling relationship. The most important point is that the self- recognition is concomitant with constructions. Therefore, the architecture topic can be regarded as the most suitable and reliable realm of self-representation for creator and audience of architectural work. The research hypothesis has been formulated in such way. The settlement -based design can result in self-recognition. Settlement refers to a strategy which relies on horizontalism and prevention from domination on the self-reality and surrounding. Based on the practical experiences of this research, the trainee tries to recreate what he has touched several times and can love. The phenomenological analysis of this design method shows that the experience of humanistic moments in revealing the details of architectural spaces helps the trainee to remove the duality and contrast of innate feeling and reality of the material world in a compromise towards the unity. The trainee is the organizer of functional spaces and also involved in the thought architecture. Manuscript profile

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3 - A comparative criticism of Attar’s The Conference of the Birds and Chaucer’s Canterbury stories
Shahrokh Hekmat Maryam Parizad

Farīd ud-Dīn Attar and Geoffrey Chaucer both have special state in their own literature and culture. They have had outstanding talent in poetry and prose. Attar’s role in composing mystic concepts in Persian Literature is commendable. Chaucer also is well known by More

Farīd ud-Dīn Attar and Geoffrey Chaucer both have special state in their own literature and culture. They have had outstanding talent in poetry and prose. Attar’s role in composing mystic concepts in Persian Literature is commendable. Chaucer also is well known by his simple, Eloquent, fluent and English method in English literature. Although both poets were from different nations, languages and cultures the common points such as travel, pilgrimage, self – analysis can be seen in their famous works: The Conference of the Birds (manteq Al – Teir) and Canterbury stories. Manuscript profile

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4 - A Study on Naser Khosrow's Tourism Motivation Type from Crampton Point of View
Leila Hashemian Fatemeh Shahdoust

Why do great people choose special destination for tourism? What do they look for in their journey? There are many people and characters who effect significantly poetry and literature by their itinerary such as Naser Khosrow. Journey may be a path to reach the goals to More

Why do great people choose special destination for tourism? What do they look for in their journey? There are many people and characters who effect significantly poetry and literature by their itinerary such as Naser Khosrow. Journey may be a path to reach the goals to humanity and studying others' itineraries manifest different aspects of people and their lives in the related eras. The present article initially introduces Naser Khosrow and his journeys and then studies Crampton's theory and his seven motivations – such as egoism, rest, freedom of the invariable environment, prestige, strengthening close relations and facilitating social relations – for his journeys. Manuscript profile

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5 - The Missing Soluch and ecosophy
Nastaran khosravi عطاالله Koupal

     Arne Naess, the Norwegian philosopher, coined the word Ecosophy in 1970. His philosophy is the basis to a political movement called The Deep Ecology Movement. The emphasis on the word “deep” is to indicate that the movement is after More

     Arne Naess, the Norwegian philosopher, coined the word Ecosophy in 1970. His philosophy is the basis to a political movement called The Deep Ecology Movement. The emphasis on the word “deep” is to indicate that the movement is after fundamental changes in the way people think and act toward nature. Also, Ecosophy asserts that its followers can permanently review and revise their thought and action. The ultimate goal of the Deep Ecology Movement is Self-realization through nonviolent resistance. Each member of the movement can create her own Ecosophy as long as it includes Naess-Sesseions’ platform. Naess’s personal ecosophy is Ecosophy T.      Ecosophy is not a literary approach but the researcher believes that it has the capacity to become one. It can fill the gaps where Literary Ecocriticism does not assume as its realm. Accordingly, the researcher has applied some of the key concepts introduced by Arne Naess on the novel Missing Soluch by Mahmoud Dowlatabadi. Naess putsdiversity, complexity, and symbiosis under the umbrella term Self-realization while truth and fearlessness go under nonviolent resistance. These concepts are tightly interwoven and interdependent as the the novel proves them to be. The research shows that all the introduced concepts can be more or less found and discussed in the novel. In this sense, the chosen literary text is capable of being read through Ecosophy. Manuscript profile

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6 - Bilan de CompÃ©tences: A Program for Increasing Personnel Self-knowledge and Social Self-efficacy in Iran Khodro Company
afshin robati annick durand-delvigne francis danvers

The aim of the study was to investigate bilan de compétences (identification of competencies) effectiveness on self-knowledge and social self-efficacy in personnel of Iran Khodro Company. This study was a semi-experimental research wich employed pretest and posttest More

The aim of the study was to investigate bilan de compétences (identification of competencies) effectiveness on self-knowledge and social self-efficacy in personnel of Iran Khodro Company. This study was a semi-experimental research wich employed pretest and posttest with control group design. The research sample consisted of 62 workers of montage line, 32 individuals in experimental group and 30 individuals in control group from personnel of Iran Khodro factory that were selected by random sampling method. The research tools included Self-knowledge Scale (Gaudron, Bernaud & Lemoine, 2001), Social Self-efficacy Scale (Smith & Betz, 2000) and Bilan de Compétences (France’s Labour Law, 1991). After administering both scales at the pretest stage, the intervention program was applied and following the program the same scales were applied again at the posttest stage. Data were analyzed by covariance analysis. The research results indicated that self-knowledge and it`s subscales as well as social self-efficacy had significant increases in the posttest (P < 0.01). According to the results, despite socio-cultural and economic differences among countries bilan de compétences is also effective in Iran. It is, therefore, recommended that organizations and industrial centers use this program to increase their personnel self-knowledge and social self-efficacy. Manuscript profile

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7 - 'Ayn ul-Quzzāt Hamidānīs view on Unity Of Being
Morteza Shajari

Unity of Being as a doctrine that says no other entity unless God can be described by Being, has been scattered all over the writings on Ayn ul-Quzzat. In Commenting this Quranic verse: "How! Are they still in doubt about the meeting with their Lord? Lo! Is not He surro More

Unity of Being as a doctrine that says no other entity unless God can be described by Being, has been scattered all over the writings on Ayn ul-Quzzat. In Commenting this Quranic verse: "How! Are they still in doubt about the meeting with their Lord? Lo! Is not He surrounding all things?" (Quran; 41:54) he describe those who are in doubt about the meeting with the Lord, as blind. The blind men are who can not see God's sovereign encompassment over all existents including His Being, because in doing so, can undoubtedly observe that they, themselves, are among the numerous Divine manifestations. For him, God by His sovereign encompassment over the manifestations can be regarded both as centre and periphery. Therefore, God possesses Being truly not like the creatures that are of it metaphorically. They, i. e. creatures, are the various modes of the Unitary Being that from time to time, Hamadani calls them as temporal advents. God is eternal, to say, He is beyond the time, so that one can say as in the beginningless eternity God existed with no other thing accompanied Him, He exists in the present time and will exist in the endless eternity, too. Manuscript profile

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8 - Semantic Continuity of Hafiz’s Lyrics Based on Psychoanalytic Analysis with an Approach to Islamic Mysticism
Zohreh Khalili Asghar Daadbeh Ahmad Khiali Khatibi

10.2234/erfan.2023.703021

If we look at the characters of Hafiz's divan from the field of psychology, the presence of archetypes, especially "anima" can be seen in them. At the beginning of the lyricss shown by Anima, the beloved is usually earthly and the lyrics is romantic, and as we approach More

If we look at the characters of Hafiz's divan from the field of psychology, the presence of archetypes, especially "anima" can be seen in them. At the beginning of the lyricss shown by Anima, the beloved is usually earthly and the lyrics is romantic, and as we approach the final verses, a spiritual and spiritual sense prevails over the verses, and the beloved finds heavenly effects. In 26th lyrics (He is agitated and smiling and has a drunken smile....) It also has such a characteristic while the cause of these fluctuations and changes in the transformation of the archetype of anima to the archetype of the wise old man as well as the self-scrutiny and individuality of the poet and the whole lyrics narrates the process of this transition. The use of analytical psychology interpretation in the lyrics in question opens a window to the commentator's point of view and equips him to look deeper than traditional interpretations into the poet's poems and the fundamental and strong connection in the vertical axis of speech that in Understand the dust of conscious prejudices of the covered mind, while this inner attitude is also a suitable vehicle for mystical interpretations of Hafiz's Lyrics in question. Manuscript profile

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9 - A Comparative Study of Self-knowledge and Self-awareness From the Perspective of Ibn Al- Arabi and Jung
Fatemeh Mahmudi Hadi Vakili Mohammadtaghi Fa’aali

10.2234/erfan.2023.706035

The issue of self-knowledge has a special place in the humanities, especially mysticism and psychology. The conventional interpretation of knowledge of self in mysticism is self-knowledge, and in psychology, especially analytical psychology, is self-awareness. It seems More

The issue of self-knowledge has a special place in the humanities, especially mysticism and psychology. The conventional interpretation of knowledge of self in mysticism is self-knowledge, and in psychology, especially analytical psychology, is self-awareness. It seems that, the apparent differences between the two terms, the two concepts can be examined from a comparative perspective. In this paper Ibn al-Arabi is selected as representing Islamic mysticism and Jung as representing analytical psychology. Ibn al-Arabi uses concepts such as the cultivation of the self, contemplation and thought for self-knowledge, and Jung examines self-awareness through research in the unconscious, the analysis of dreams and meditation. These two perspectives are similar in some ways, such as the recognition of the self as well as the recognition of the self and the possibility of self-knowledge through inner consciousness. At the same time, Jung regards the analysis of dreams as one of the ways of self-awareness, but unlike Ibn al-Arabi for self-knowledge of self-cultivation, cognizability and uncognizability are possible. In sum, Ibn al-Arabi's mystical tradition has come close to contemporary psychological perspectives on his understanding. This article is based on library studies and comparative method. Manuscript profile

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10 - Mystical analysis of self-knowledge in in Attar Neishabouris Mantiq al-Tair
Seyeddeh Pargol Shamsi Ali Akbar Afrasiabpour Ali Fathollahi

Self-knowledge is one of the most important human needs; Different schools have dealt with it in some way. In Islamic mysticism, special attention has been paid to this issue; According to mystics, man reaches growth and perfection in the light of self-knowledge and ach More

Self-knowledge is one of the most important human needs; Different schools have dealt with it in some way. In Islamic mysticism, special attention has been paid to this issue; According to mystics, man reaches growth and perfection in the light of self-knowledge and achieving knowledge of God is possible only through self-knowledge. Attar Neyshabouri is one of the thinkers who tried to make self-knowledge the theme of literary-mystical works put yourself. Understanding the view of this Muslim mystic on the subject of self-knowledge can, on the one hand, pave the way for further research in this field, on the other hand, provide appropriate answers to the questions raised in this field. This study has examined the category of "self-knowledge" from the perspective of the great Muslim mystic, Attar Neyshabouri, in the Mantiq al-Tair; for this study, a descriptive method with content analysis has been adopted. The library method was used to collect information. Descriptive methods and rational reasoning have been used to analyze the findings. First, a brief review of the book Mantiq al-Tair and the importance and place of self-knowledge in this work has been done. The reciprocity of man and God, the essence of matter and the way to deal with it are discussed in the logic of the bird. Manuscript profile

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11 - روش شناسی تفسیر انفسی عرفانی
Reza Ramezani

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12 - Self-knowledge: Necessity and Means of Achievement From Allameh Tabatabaei’s Viewpoint
Akram Rezaii Maryam Bakhtyar Seyed Jasem Pajouhandeh

“Self-knowledge” is a kind of introspection and deliberation in the existence of self for recognizing the inner talents, desires and aspirations, and ultimately for achieving one’s true perfection. The aim of self-knowledge is the recognition of the tr More

“Self-knowledge” is a kind of introspection and deliberation in the existence of self for recognizing the inner talents, desires and aspirations, and ultimately for achieving one’s true perfection. The aim of self-knowledge is the recognition of the true and celestial “self” of the human being, which is an immaterial, fixed, and remaining truth in all states and effects, in such a way that the human being does not need any proof or reasoning to prove it within themselves and he/she witnesses it with intuitive knowledge. Many scholars have had speeches about elaborating on this important subject in various epistemic areas, but the theory and attitude of mystic Allameh Tabatabaei in this respect (self-knowledge) are very precise and rich. This paper aims to achieve the above-mentioned subject through a descriptive-analytic way in his works. In this paper, we have achieved the following results: He believes that in order to enter and reach this path, one must use religious ways mentioned in religious sources such as self-judgment, meditation, silence, hunger, solitude, night vigil and so on in addition to diligence in worship. This way, because of self-attention gradually the four worlds of monotheism of actions, monotheism of attributes, monotheism of names and at the end monotheism in essence, will be revealed to the mystic. Manuscript profile

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13 - Women in Literature: From Trauma to Self-Knowledge
Nagin Heidarizadeh Sayed Rahim Moosavinia Bahnosh Akhavan

  The aim of this research was to introduce the psyche of traumatized women and the literature that illustrate it. We should accept that "literature is the important and main basis of art that can influence the other artistic fields". As Helen Cixous believes; the More

  The aim of this research was to introduce the psyche of traumatized women and the literature that illustrate it. We should accept that "literature is the important and main basis of art that can influence the other artistic fields". As Helen Cixous believes; the female writer in the form of  "ecriture   feminine "or women writing; it means that a written text must be in a different style and with the political power which can use the female desire and break patriarchal thought. Women in the literary texts of Margaret Atwood expressed the story of their trauma, pains and the psychological problems; they can write about their self-knowledge towards the society that live in. They would like to find a reader to listen to their story and by the help of narrating; they can reduce the traumatized feeling and give a lesson of insight to the readers. The protagonists can relate past, present and the future time to each other, so that in the present time they can learn a lesson from the past faults and trauma in order to make succeeding lessons for future. So at the end we the same as Atwood's participants must accept that life does not mean relaxation, but it must be full of hope, motivation and reformation. Manuscript profile

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14 - The effectiveness of integrated model of emotional-focused approach and Gottman model on emotional self-regulation and integrative self-knowledge in couples with troubled marital relationship
Gholamreza Sanagouye Moharer Elmira Khalilzadeh Kolagar Aram Pazeshki Almani MohammadReza Bagheri

Present research aimed to determine the effectiveness of integrated model of emotional-focused approach and Gottman model on emotional self-regulation and integrative self-knowledge in couples with troubled marital relationship. This study was semi-experimental with pre More

Present research aimed to determine the effectiveness of integrated model of emotional-focused approach and Gottman model on emotional self-regulation and integrative self-knowledge in couples with troubled marital relationship. This study was semi-experimental with pretest and posttest design with control group. The research population was couples with troubled marital relationship referred to counseling centers of Tehran city in 2019 year. The research sample was 30 couple who were selected by available sampling method and randomly replaced into two equal groups. The experimental group received 10 sessions of 90 minutes the group intervention of integrated model of emotional-focused approach and Gottman model and the control group put on the waiting list for training. The research tools were the questionnaires of emotional self-regulation (Larsen & Prizmic, 2008) and integrative self-knowledge (Ghorbani & et al, 2003). To analyzed data used from method of multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS-22 software. The findings showed that groups had a significant difference in terms of all two variables of emotional self-regulation and integrative self-knowledge (p < 0.05). In the other words, the group intervention of integrated model of emotional-focused approach and Gottman model led to increase emotional self-regulation (F=31.49, p < 0.001) and integrative self-knowledge (F=54.35, p < 0.001) in couples with troubled marital relationship. Therefore, the emotional-focused approach and Gottman model is effective method for improving the traits of couples with troubled marital relationship especially increasing emotional self-regulation and integrative self-knowledge. Manuscript profile

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15 - The Investigation of the Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and Integrative Self- Knowledge with Life Satisfaction
Mina Rezaei Abajlo Mohammad Azad Abdollahpour

Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and coherent self-knowledge with the satisfaction of students' lives with the support of the Urmia Relief Committee. Method: The research method was correlation. The statisti More

Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and coherent self-knowledge with the satisfaction of students' lives with the support of the Urmia Relief Committee. Method: The research method was correlation. The statistical population of this study was students under the auspices of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee of Urmia city in 2015-16, and 200 people were selected as available as a statistical sample. The Dinner et al. (1985) Life Satisfaction Scale, King's Intellectual Intelligence Intelligence Scale (2008) and the Coherent Self-Esteem Scale of Victim et al. (2008) were used to gather information. Results: The findings showed that there was a positive relationship between the variables of coherent self-knowledge, spiritual intelligence, critical existential thinking, and production of personal meaning, sublime awareness and development of alert state with satisfaction of students' lives under the auspices of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Urmia. Has it. And regression analysis suggests that the strongest explanatory variance of life satisfaction is among the predictor variables of spiritual intelligence (P <0.05) Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that the most important variable related to life satisfaction, which is one of the important indicators of health, is spiritual intelligence, and it is important to focus on cultivating this intelligence in the family and educational environment. Manuscript profile

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16 - The Role of Identity, Self-Knowledge and Persuasion in Meeting the Basic Psychological Needs of Adolescents
Fatemeh Maleki Nadereh Saadati Seyed Ali Darbani

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17 - بررسی اثر بخشی زوج درمانگری مبتنی بر دلبستگی بر خودشناسی، جهت گیری مذهبی و سازگاری زناشویی زوج های ناسازگار
سکینه فتوحی نادر حاجلو

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18 - A study on the relationship between managers self-knowing and organizational health in BOJNOURD high schools.
azarmidokht farzamekhah hashem askarzadeh baratali monfarediraz

In this research the relationship between the managers self-knowing and organizational health in BOJNOURD  high schools is studied. The managers self-knowing is considered as the predicted variable, and the organizational health as the base variable. The statistica More

In this research the relationship between the managers self-knowing and organizational health in BOJNOURD  high schools is studied. The managers self-knowing is considered as the predicted variable, and the organizational health as the base variable. The statistical population includes 29 managers of BOJNOURD high schools in 1385-86. simple sampling method was used as statistical sampling for 26 of them. Out of 700 teachers, 285 of them were selected through simple sampling . the research method is descriptive, deductive and coalition. For determining the managers self-knowing David,Whetten and Kims, Cameron from the book of Mohammad Moghimi research studies consists of 11 choices was used and for organizational health, organizational health standard questionnaire consisting 44 question packages on the basis of 4 degrees scale. For analyzing the data, descriptive statistic was used which included statistical indications (table drawing, frequency, frequency, diagrams). Deductive statistics was also used which included horizontal table, X2 test and Cronbach coefficient Alpha. The results showed that there is a relationship between the managers selfknowing and organizational health. Considering the studies and the research results, it can be said “the more the managers self-knowing  the better the use of management strategies. The more the manager adapts himself  with his subordinates needs, the more effective will be in organizational health.    Manuscript profile

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19 - .
Hamidreza shayeganfar Ali Fardad

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20 - تعلیم و تربیت و تاثیرپذیری مولانا از امام محمد غزالی
حمیدرضا شایگان فر علی بیرانوند

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21 - Knowledge of God and Self-Knowledge; The Influence of the Thoughts of Rūmī on Paulo Coelho's The Alchemist
Nāser Nāseri Tāzehshahri

According to his audience's ability to understand, Jalāl ad-Dīn Rūmī uses allegories and folk tales for expressing spiritual love and mysteries. He believes that folk tales are a means of transcendence for knowledge lovers. Rūmī tells the antecode of "a man of Baghdad a More

According to his audience's ability to understand, Jalāl ad-Dīn Rūmī uses allegories and folk tales for expressing spiritual love and mysteries. He believes that folk tales are a means of transcendence for knowledge lovers. Rūmī tells the antecode of "a man of Baghdad and the hidden treasure" to his disciples to interpret the famous hadith " whosoever knows himself knows his Lord". The story inspired the famous Brazilian writer, Paulo Coelho who wrote The Alchemist and became well-known all over the world. By using descriptive-analytical method, the present article deals with the question to what extent has Coelho been influenced by Rumi's mystical thoughts on the subjects of knowledge of God and self-knowledge? The result of the study shows that Rumi's mystical thoughts about unity of Being, manifestation of the Truth, softness of heart, the hidden treasure and divine knowledge, the language of love, the old wise man, cast a shadow over the whole story of The Alchemist. Manuscript profile

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22 - The Obstacles Preventing to Attain Perfection In Masnavi
محمدعلی خالدیان

  In order to attain recognition and perfection, Gnostics and the followers of the Truth have made some suggestions to their disciples such an self-discipline and purification, as well as some preventive factors not to be followed by the disciples. As one of the More

  In order to attain recognition and perfection, Gnostics and the followers of the Truth have made some suggestions to their disciples such an self-discipline and purification, as well as some preventive factors not to be followed by the disciples. As one of the most distinguished Gnostics of the 7th century (A.D), Molānā Jalal Al-Din, in his Masnavi suggests some effective ways to the disciples to be followed, which lead them to perfection. He also introduces the obstacles which prevent the holy traveler (Sālek) from attaining to perfection. The obstacles may be classified as follows: Corporal and worldly attachments such as wealth, appetite, carnal desire etc. Ego-centric thoughts such as pride, envy, boasting etc. By recognizing these obstacles, the holy traveler (Sālek) can reach the peak of perfection. The factors mentioned will be discussed in the present essay.     Manuscript profile

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23 - Self-knowledge processes and rational and experiential information processing systems in iran and the united states
Nima Ghorbani P. J. Watson

Several constructs and measures of the processes of self–knowledge operate at different levels of integration and abstractness to facilitate and modulate self– regulating processes. Emotional intelligence and Alexithymia, as two constructs of reductionistic More

Several constructs and measures of the processes of self–knowledge operate at different levels of integration and abstractness to facilitate and modulate self– regulating processes. Emotional intelligence and Alexithymia, as two constructs of reductionistic self-knowledge, contribute respectively to the existence and to the absence of emotional self-awareness. These two experiential and reflective components of self–knowledge provide a more holistic and integrative view of self-knowledge than the emotional intelligence and Alexithymia constructs do. Therefore, these two facets should positively correlate with all the dimensions of rational and experiential information processing systems. The data from Iran and the United States showed that these two facets of self-knowledge are positively associated with all components of the rational and experiential information processing systems. The Emotional intelligence and Alexithymia did not display such relationships. In both cultures, the two facets of self-knowledge also predicted some measures of mental health that are beyond the information processing systems. These results point toward the intertwined, dynamic, integrative, and temporal nature of selfknowledge processes and suggest a need for developing scales, which are more efficient in measuring these processes and in studying the similarities and differences in selfknowledge among cultures.     Manuscript profile

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24 - The Comparison of Object Relations and Integrative Self-Knowledge Components in Cohabitation and Official Marriage
Mohammad Ahmadvand Shahverdi Farideh Ramezani Moghadam Arani

This study aimed to compare the Object Relations and Integrative Self-knowledge between officially married couples and cohab- itants. The statistical population of this causal-comparative study included all officially married and cohabitant couples between 18 to 40 year More

This study aimed to compare the Object Relations and Integrative Self-knowledge between officially married couples and cohab- itants. The statistical population of this causal-comparative study included all officially married and cohabitant couples between 18 to 40 years old living in Iran in 2021. 120 men and women were selected by convenience sampling method and filled out Bell Object Relations Inventory (Bell, 2007) and Integrative Self-knowledge Scale (Ghorbani, Watson & Harges, 2008). To analyze the data of this study, multivariate analysis of variance was applied. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in Object Relations and Integrative Self-knowledge components between cohabitants and officially married couples. Findings of this study can contribute to better psychological understanding of this emerging phenomenon in the transitional society of Iran, resolve partly the basic contradictions in the results of recent researches and open new horizons for future studies. Manuscript profile

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25 - Investigating the effectiveness of self-knowledge training on self-knowledge in the Telegram social network
Iran Sadeghi

In the current situation, the need for basic education about humans is felt more. It seems that science and technology have surpassed the knowledge required by man, and that is why the life of man has now multiplied with the development of technology, while his self-awa More

In the current situation, the need for basic education about humans is felt more. It seems that science and technology have surpassed the knowledge required by man, and that is why the life of man has now multiplied with the development of technology, while his self-awareness is weak, and until this awareness is not formed in him, day by day, he will become a kind of himself. He falls away and this feeling of alienation threatens his health, so the purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of self-knowledge training on self-knowledge in the Telegram social network. The research method was carried out as a quasi-experiment in the form of pre-test and post-test. 30 samples were selected as available and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups In the experimental group, self-awareness training was done for four months, and the control group did not receive any training. The instrument measured in this research was the Self-Knowledge Scale (ISKS) and with the Mankova test, the results indicated that self-knowledge training had a significant difference on self-knowledge and mental health in the two experimental groups and the control group, and finally, self-knowledge training was significantly effective on health. Is. In addition, self-awareness training had a significant effect on each and every component of self-awareness and mental health components. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Designing and compiling a self-awareness training model based on emotions, defense mechanisms and anxiety
Davood Manavipoor Nasrin Shadmanfar

The present study was conducted with the aim of modeling self-knowledge education based on emotions, defense mechanisms and anxiety. 345 students were selected by available sampling method and responded to researcher-made emotion scales (1397), Gholami anxiety scale (13 More

The present study was conducted with the aim of modeling self-knowledge education based on emotions, defense mechanisms and anxiety. 345 students were selected by available sampling method and responded to researcher-made emotion scales (1397), Gholami anxiety scale (1395), defense mechanism scale of Arnold et al. DSQ (1996). The research data was analyzed using structural equation method. The results showed that the coefficient of significance between emotions and self-knowledge was 47.54 and this value shows that emotions have a positive, direct and significant effect on self-knowledge and the coefficient of significance between defense mechanism and self-knowledge is 112.33 and this value also shows that the defense mechanism has a positive, direct and significant effect on self-knowledge. Also, a significant coefficient between anxiety and self-knowledge was obtained at 0.45, and this value shows that anxiety does not have a significant effect on self-knowledge. The findings showed that the fit indices of the modified model are optimal and acceptable. The index of the ratio of chi square to the degree of freedom is equal to (2.68) and indicates the fit of the model. The square root index of the mean error of approximation (RMSEA) is equal to (0.08), which, due to the low level of this index, means the suitability of the model. The goodness of fit index (GFI) is equal to (0.97), the normalized fit index (NFI) is equal to (0.99) and the comparative fit index (CFI) is equal to (0.98), which all indicate the desirability of the model. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Predicting model of marital conflict based on self-knowledge, love mediated by emotional intelligence
iran sadeghi afshin Salahian mahdieh salehi

10.30495/hpsbjourna.2022.1968937.1129

With the aim of family health and reducing marital conflicts, this study investigated the model of predicting marital conflicts based on self-knowledge, love and mediated by emotional intelligence. 133 men) were selected. The instruments used to collect information were More

With the aim of family health and reducing marital conflicts, this study investigated the model of predicting marital conflicts based on self-knowledge, love and mediated by emotional intelligence. 133 men) were selected. The instruments used to collect information were Sanaei et al. (2017) Marital Conflict Questionnaire, Ghorbani et al. (2008), Sternberg Love Questionnaire (1986), and Siberia Schering Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (Mansouri, 2001). After collection, survey data were analyzed using SMART.PLS software and structural equation modeling without subscale. Findings indicate that the variables of self-knowledge, love could justify the variance of emotional intelligence with a value of 47/2% and these two variables along with the mediator variable were able to predict the variance of marital conflicts with a value of 62/8%, as well as the mediating role of intelligence Emotion was meaningful in both directions. The results showed that the model of predicting marital conflicts based on self-knowledge, love mediated by emotional intelligence has a favorable fit. According to the results of this study, it is recommended to develop an accurate educational-therapeutic protocol for couples with the aim of reducing marital conflicts and increasing community health. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Self-knowledge from the Perspective of the Holy Quran
Seyedeh Pargol Shamsi Ali Akbar Afrasiabpour Ali Fathollahi

One of the important needs of human beings is the need to know themselves as they can achieve true growth and perfection through the attainment of this knowledge. Different individuals and schools in this field have theorized that Holy Quran is the most complete divine More

One of the important needs of human beings is the need to know themselves as they can achieve true growth and perfection through the attainment of this knowledge. Different individuals and schools in this field have theorized that Holy Quran is the most complete divine book and the best resource book on self-knowledge. The purpose of this study is to examine self-knowledge from the perspective of the Holy Qur'an". The research method of the study is descriptive and includes content analysis. Library method has been used to collect the data of the study. Data analysis has been done through descriptive analyses and rational reasoning. This research has discussed issues such as the view of the Holy Quran on self-knowledge, the relationship between self-knowledge and the knowledge of God, the dimensions of human existence, the effects of self-knowledge, the levels of the soul, and the privileges and weaknesses of human beings. According to the findings of this study, Qur'an has stresses self-knowledge. From the perspective of the Holy Quran, one of the two ways of knowing God is self-knowledge. Man has privileges and weaknesses due to his two-dimensional nature. The Holy Qur'an has expressed these strengths and weaknesses for human beings in order to help them on their way to achieve self-knowledge. Manuscript profile

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