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Open Access Article
1 - مبانی توجیهی ضرورت مداخله کیفری در حوزه حقوق مالکانه افراد نسبت به اراضی کشاورزی
مینا افضلیان هوشنگ شامبیاتی باقر شاملو -
Open Access Article
2 - The Influence of forest land use changing into tea garden on soil chemical properties and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi population (Case study: Lahijan)
Shirin Shafiee Ali Salehi Ehsan KohnehChanging land use causes changes in the soil, which in turn affect the organic matter, nutrients, and soil organisms including fungi. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are terrestrial microorganisms that coexist with the roots of a wide range of forest and non-forest p MoreChanging land use causes changes in the soil, which in turn affect the organic matter, nutrients, and soil organisms including fungi. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are terrestrial microorganisms that coexist with the roots of a wide range of forest and non-forest plants. The diversity and distribution of this fungus are affected by the composition of plant species, soil characteristics, environmental conditions, and soil microorganisms. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of changing land use from forest to tea garden on soil chemical properties and the coexistence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The samples were randomly collected from forest and tea plantation areas near to the heights of Lahijan and 20 samples were collected from each area at a depth of 0-30 cm around the roots in the autumn. At the same time, fine root samples were obtained from the rhizosphere of the trees and tea bushes. The colonization percentage and the number of spores of mycorrhizal fungi, organic carbon, pH, phosphorus, and soil absorbable potassium were measured. The results indicated that the average percentage of colonization and the number of spores in the forest soil was higher than in the tea garden soil. There was a significant difference between pH and organic carbon and absorbable potassium in the soil. There was a negative correlation between the number of mycorrhiza spores and the soil absorbable potassium (r = -0.418) and soil pH (r = -0.571). There was a positive correlation between the percentage of root colonization and pH (r = 0.453 **). Finally, changing of land use and vegetation following by soil chemical properties changing, resulted in decreasing the coexistence and number of mycorrhizal fungi spores in the soil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Determining and identifying ecosystem uses and forecasting their changes in the forests of northern Iran (Case study: Dohezar and Sehezar Basin, Central Alborz Forest)
Mohsen Javamiripour Jalil Karami Jalal Henareh Khalyani لیلا کریمی Hamidreza Niazifar Naseh BabakhaniThe attention of academic institutions, environmentalists, decision-makers, and trustees to ecosystem services has grown exponentially by increasing attention to ecosystem uses. Quantitative identification and evaluation of the most important ecosystem products and serv MoreThe attention of academic institutions, environmentalists, decision-makers, and trustees to ecosystem services has grown exponentially by increasing attention to ecosystem uses. Quantitative identification and evaluation of the most important ecosystem products and services, mapping the current situation, and predicting changes related to the ecosystem services are the main objectives of this study. In order to conduct this study, a combination of participatory and modeling methods was used to evaluate several selected land-use changes for the Dohezar-Sehezar forest basin. To evaluate the most important ecosystem services in the designated basin area, determination of the study area, commitment to policy and decision making, initial area assessment, planning to evaluate services, selection appropriate methods for the field identified on the region, determination of the alternative status appropriate to the management change or planned policy, selecting of appropriate practices for each of the identified ecosystem services, and the results have been analyzed and informed. The land use map of Dohezar-Sehezar for 1987 and 2014 showed that the use of land has changed in the four main groups of forests, grassland, agricultural lands and lands without cover for 27 years. Generally, in exchange for the reduction of forest levels, changes have been made in other uses. The results obtained from the interpretation of satellite images in combination with field visits and other available documents showed that the extent of forest land use was decreased from 33,348 hectares in 1987 to 24,248 hectares in 2014. The results of the quantitative evaluation showed that in the future scenario, the decline of about 0.8% of the density of dense forests and 0.58% of the semi-dense forests is predictable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Evaluation of land-use change and its effect on flood hydrograph in Amameh watershed, Tehran Province
Maral Pezeshki Baharak Motamedvaziri Hasan AhmadiChanges in the land-use pattern has affected hydrological processes in the watersheds and disrupted the natural balance of water flow. In the present study, changes in hydrological components of Amameh watershed as a result of land-use changes from1988 - 2013 were studi MoreChanges in the land-use pattern has affected hydrological processes in the watersheds and disrupted the natural balance of water flow. In the present study, changes in hydrological components of Amameh watershed as a result of land-use changes from1988 - 2013 were studied. Due to lack of the land-use map in past years, the land-use map was prepared and analyzed by Landsat TM satellite images in the ERDAS Imagine software in 1988. Furthermore, the available ‎information were used to provide land-use map ‎in 2013. Land-use maps of 1988 - 2013 were prepared using ArcGIS software. In existing maps, six land-use classes; class 1, 2, and 3 rangelands, agricultural and ‎garden, arid land, and river-bed were designed. ‎ The results showed that Amameh watershed was affected by severe changes in the land-use‎ during the study period, so that the class 1 rangelands‎ to class 2, class 2 to class 3, and even arid‎ land were changed. In addition, the residential areas (villa) were increased from 2.5% in 1988 to 8.4 in 2013. The HEC-HMS model was used to investigate the effect of land-use changes on the hydrological flood hydrograph of Amameh watershed‎. The results of hydrograph study of 1988 and 2013 showed the volume increase of runoff and peak discharge rates during the 25-year period, and also the watershed runoff coefficient was increased from 0.82 to 0.89. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Garden-City Model; Strategy for the Development of Small Cities in Rural Areas (Specially studying: The rural town of Haviq Talesh)
محمد سلطانی شهرام امیرانتخابیDuring the past two centuries, the world has rapidly become urban. The most important aspects and outcomes of this process is spatial development and physical extension of cities towards rural areas which is done through the joining of villages with cities and transferr MoreDuring the past two centuries, the world has rapidly become urban. The most important aspects and outcomes of this process is spatial development and physical extension of cities towards rural areas which is done through the joining of villages with cities and transferring rural centers into small towns. Although small cities start with a small population and range, but they rapidly take agricultural lands and rural areas. During the second half of the twentieth century, this process begun and quickly spread the number of cities, added to the urban population and many villages were converted to cities. During recent decade, the fast process of the conversion of villages into cities, resulted in the change of agricultural land use and the natural regional perspectives were degraded, although it was done with the aim of profiting rural from urban services, but in areas such as the Caspian plain; especially in cases where newly established cities are a combination of villages, the remaining population which is a range of low density, non-uniform and porous will be filled in the near future with constructions and urban instruments! To prevent this stressful process, the conversion program of centers into small rural cities can not be entirely taken for granted; but it should be considered in developing cities such as spatial and functional patterns suiting the development area. In the Caspian region, for example, tourism capabilities of rural areas could be activated, in addition to preserving agricultural lands and rural perspectives and taking use of the profits of urban services and facilities through the garden-city model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The Investigation of Agricultural Land Use Change Trend and their Effects on Sustainable Development Components (Zayandehrood Basin of Isfahan Province)
sayed alireza ghadimi Abdolhamid Papzan Abas AminiCurrently, one of the most serious problems of agriculture in Iran is agricultural land use changes. This is a second fundamental issue after water shortage. Land use change is the main important example of human impact on the environment which induced many changes in s MoreCurrently, one of the most serious problems of agriculture in Iran is agricultural land use changes. This is a second fundamental issue after water shortage. Land use change is the main important example of human impact on the environment which induced many changes in social, economic and physical structure. So this investigation conducted to study the land use trend and their influence on sustainable development components. In this study Zayandehrood basin of Isfahan province was selected as the study area. In the present study in consistent with the nature of the research, Quantitative-qualitative methodology were used. According to the results the rate and speed of land use change process in studied area was intensely increased, as settlement lands during the study time increased from 14 thousand hectares to nearly 39 thousand hectares and their effects on sustainable development component could be divided in four elements (environmental, economic, social and agricultural). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Effect of land use changes on some soil physical and chemical properties (case study: Baneh)
لیلا غلامی مسعود داوری کمال نبی اللهی حامد جنیدی جعفریNon-scientific and unconscious changes in land use have negative impacts on ‎the soil physical and chemical properties. In this research, the effect of land use ‎changes on some soil physical and chemical properties was investigated. For this propose, three site MoreNon-scientific and unconscious changes in land use have negative impacts on ‎the soil physical and chemical properties. In this research, the effect of land use ‎changes on some soil physical and chemical properties was investigated. For this propose, three sites in three ‎‎‎adjacent land use ‎types including pasture, forest and‏ ‏agricultural‏ ‏lands were randomly selected in region of Baneh, ‎‎‎‎‎Kurdistan ‎province. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected from three sites at each of the different land use types from depths of 0–15 and 15–30 cm ‎and were analysed in the laboratory‎. The results indicated that land use changes have no significant effects on the percentage of sand, silt and clay. Change in the land use type caused increase in bulk density and decrease in total porosity, soil hydraulic conductivity and aggregate stability. The ‎most percentage of coarse aggregates (0.25-8 mm) and fine aggregates (0.053-0.25 mm) was found in forest ‎and ‎agricultural land, respectively. Land use change caused increase in electrical conductivity and ‎soil reaction which increases with depth too. The results also indicated that land use change significantly decreases the amount of soil organic carbon. The average of soil organic carbon in forest, agricultural land and pastures were 4.99, 2.26 and 1.79%, respectively. In general, the results of this research showed that changes in land use has adverse effects on the soil physical and chemical properties that can result in reducing soil quality and increasing its degradation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Land use changes by using RS and Markov chain technique in the south-west of Tehran
Faezeh RajabzadehLand use changes investigation requires the use of rapid methods and new techniques, respectively. The use of remote sensing and GIS and integrating them with accurate information and field data prepared multipurpose decision. In this study, used images of Landsat 2, se MoreLand use changes investigation requires the use of rapid methods and new techniques, respectively. The use of remote sensing and GIS and integrating them with accurate information and field data prepared multipurpose decision. In this study, used images of Landsat 2, sensor MSS June 1975, Landsat 7, ETM + 2002, and Landsat 8 sensor OLI June 2013, from USGS site for developing maps and survey land use changes over the period of 38 years in ENVI and ERDAS software. The Landsat 5, TM sensor image, June 1991, used to prepare land use maps and compared with 2002 and 2013, to predict land use change in 2024. Results related to land use changes in the past 38 years show a reduction of 12% (9/7060 hectare) orchard area and an increase of 7% and 5% of residential areas and agricultural lands, respectively. Also the predicted land use changes in 2024 represents a decrease of 2% compared to the current state of the orchard, while the almost constant level of agricultural land, and residential area will increase 2 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Land use management change in Marvdasht plain - Fars Province
Khatereh Nobaharan Shahla Mahmodi seyad ali abtahiIn Iran, there are many investigations about landuse change which usually mention negative side. In this research landuse/land cover change trend investigate with use of landsat image and Markov chain in IDRISI Andes V15 software at the period of 1990, 2004 and 2018, an MoreIn Iran, there are many investigations about landuse change which usually mention negative side. In this research landuse/land cover change trend investigate with use of landsat image and Markov chain in IDRISI Andes V15 software at the period of 1990, 2004 and 2018, and predicted changes for 2032 in Marvdasht region. There are about 196000 ha, equal to 91%, that used for cultivation, while range land, bare land and urban area are about 20000 ha, respectively 4.9, 2.7 and 1.6 percent of region area. In 28 years, from 1990 to 2018, agricultural and range lands decrease about 9%, while bare lands and urban area increased. At this period bare lands increased from 2.7% to 11.29% of the total region area. In general, the results of this study indicate that in the long-term, agricultural lands are declining and bare land is increasing, Hence immediate management plans are necessary to prevent the destruction of agricultural land. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Effect of Changing Land Use of Almond Orchards in Saman Plain of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province to Agricultural Lands on Some Physical and Chemical Indicators of Soil Quality
Kkamran ParvanakBackground and Aim: In recent years, some farmers in the plains of Saman in the province of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari have changed the use of almond orchards in this area to agricultural land and pastures in order to provide food and fodder. Since these activities are m MoreBackground and Aim: In recent years, some farmers in the plains of Saman in the province of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari have changed the use of almond orchards in this area to agricultural land and pastures in order to provide food and fodder. Since these activities are mostly carried out without sufficient knowledge of the soil environment, there can be a serious threat to reduce soil quality. Therefore, studies on the effect of different managements on different soil characteristics and in the direction of a sustainable soil resource are very important. In this research, the effect of land use change in these areas on some physical and chemical indicators of soil quality was investigated.Methods:In order to investigate the effect of land use change on some physical and chemical indicators of the soil quality of three land use systems comprising a permanent almond orchard, permanent pasture and almond orchard converted to land were selected in the plain of Saman. 15 samples of soil (45 samples in total) were taken from 0 to 30 cm in the form of networks (30 x 30 meters) in each of the three land use systems considered. Some physical and chemical parameters of studied soil samples measured by standard methods.After collecting and saving data in Excel, a one-side analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on using the SPSS18 software and the comparison of the means was also carried out on the basis of the LSD test at a probability level of 1%.Results:The results of analysis of variance data showed that changing land use (changing of almond orchards to agricultural land) had significant effect on the indeces examined physical and chemical of at 0.01 level. The Land use change did not change the surface soil texture of the study areas. The soil texture of all three-study system was almost the same (clay loam inclined to sandy clay loam). According to the findings of the mean comparison, when almond orchards were converted to agricultural land, there was a significant reduction in total porosity, mean weighted diameter of soil aggregates (MWD), base infiltration rate, and soil organic carbon by 12%, 56%, 50%, and 54%, respectively. Conversely, there was a notable increase of 10%, 5%, 44%, and 18% in bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, and soil lime percentage at a significance level of 0.01 (pr<0.01).In this study, substituting improved pasture plants with land grazed pasture significantly augmented the average of soil organic carbon, total porosity, solidity of soil aggregates (MWD) and base infiltration rate by 48%, 14%, 69%, and 40%, respectively, as compared to agricultural land at a significance level of 0.01 (pr<0.01). However, no significant difference was observed at a significance level of 0.01 (pr>0.01) between almond orchard and pasture land concerning the evaluated indicators.Conclusion:Overall, the parameters analyzed indicate that organic carbon, mean weighted diameter of soil aggregates (MWD), and bulk density are reliable indicators of soil quality in the study area. The average values of these indicators provide an optimal alternative for management and tillage practices in various land uses. Moreover, due to the delicate and vulnerable ecosystems of Saman Plain, it is recommended to avoid converting garden lands (such as almond orchards) into agricultural lands within the study area. This approach will help prevent soil erosion in one of the most sensitive areas of the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Evaluation of the Hydrological Response of Kiwi Chai Catchment Area to Land Use Changes Using SWAT Model
Shirin Mahdavian Batool Zeynali Bromand SalahiIntroduction: Land use change has a direct impact on hydrological components and water resources and plays an important role in aggravating possible risks such as drought and floods. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effects of land use on water components s MoreIntroduction: Land use change has a direct impact on hydrological components and water resources and plays an important role in aggravating possible risks such as drought and floods. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effects of land use on water components such as runoff. Thus, in this study, the runoff condition of the Kiwi Chai Basin, one of the most important basins in Ardabil province, from an environmental point of view in terms of land use change is investigated using the SWAT model.Methods: ArcGIS 10.1, Envi 5.1, and Ecognition software are used for data processing, classification, and analysis. Also, the method based on radiative transfer models, such as FLAASH, is used as the best method for atmospheric correction. Multiresolution algorithm is applied for segmentation and the nearest neighbor algorithm is used for classification. Then, educational samples are collected from the area using field visits and Google Earth satellite images and used to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the classification. At the end, the Thematic change dynamic detection method is applied in Envi5 to identify the changes that have happened over the years. The SWAT hydrological model is additionally used to investigate the effect of land use changes on the basin's runoff. After extracting the effective parameters in the basin’s outlet, the model is calibrated and validated with SWAT-CUP software and SUFI-2 algorithm. Nash-Sutcliffe indices and coefficient of determination are used to evaluate the results of this stage.Results: In this research, after applying object-oriented land classification, land use map in seven classes of Rainfed agriculture, irrigated agriculture, garden, forest, residential, pasture and water are provided. In the land use map of the basin, pasture cover is the dominant land use class; however, a significant decrease from 1224.18 square kilometers to 1046.59 square kilometers has been observed between 1987 and 2019. The values obtained for R-Factor, P-Factor, R2, NS indicators in the calibration period are, respectively, for Abgarm station (0.53, 0.47,0.71,0.69) and for Firozabad station (0.32,0.3,0.67,0.64) and in the validation period, for Abgram station (0.09,0,0.62,0.56) and for Firozabad station (0.13,0,0.53,0.51), respectively. Based on this, the results obtained in the calibration and validation stage are evaluated as acceptable. The evaluation of the SWAT model's response to land use also shows that, on an annual scale, the amount of flow in Firozabad station has decreases from 3.08 to 2.81 cubic meters per second -8,77percent) and in Abgarm station from 1.11 to 0.96 cubic meters per second (-13.51), which can be attributed to changes in land use, especially the change in the use of pastures and its conversion to rainfed agriculture, gardens, and forests.Conclusion: The trend of land use changes in the basin between 1987 and 2019 has been accompanied by a decreasing trend in rainfed, pasture and water uses and an increasing trend in irrigated agriculture, garden, forest, and residential uses. The high value of the fit of the indicators used in the evaluation of the model indicates that the model has a good capability in simulating the runoff of the basin. Moreover, the model implemented for different land uses illustrates that the flow of the basin in both hydrometric stations in most of the months increase in the short term and decrease in the long term average with the land use change. Continuous land use change is becoming a serious threat to watersheds. Land use change should be controlled in catchment areas, and measures should be taken to stabilize land use change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Effect of land abandonment on variation of soil water infiltration parameters
Amir Masoud Ghaiumi Mohamadi Shoja Ghorbani Dashtaki Faez Raiesi Pezhman TahmasbiInfiltration parameters are the most important indicators of soil quality. Soil water infiltration is one of the key properties for designing irrigation systems, hydrological studies, water resources management, drainage projects and soil conservation practices in water MoreInfiltration parameters are the most important indicators of soil quality. Soil water infiltration is one of the key properties for designing irrigation systems, hydrological studies, water resources management, drainage projects and soil conservation practices in watershed scale. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of land abandonment on infiltration parameters in semi-stepped rangelands located in Karsanak, Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari province, Iran. For this purpose, five types of land uses including pasture, agriculture, 3-5, 10-15 and 25 years-long abandonment were selected and the infiltrated water was measured in six replicates by tension infiltrometer apparatus. The results indicated that land use changing led to reduce soil organic matters, soil aggregate stability, soil pores connectivity and to disarranging soil natural pores. Consequently, the negative and significant effect of land use changing on parameters of water infiltration was deduced. Average saturated hydraulic conductivity in pastures (7.4 mm/h) was almost twice of that for agricultural land use (4.4 mm/h). In addition, the sorptivity experienced 30 percent reductions in agricultural lands compared to pastures. However, because of the land abandonment i.e. restoration of vegetation and macro aggregate formation and increasing aggregates stability, the infiltration process was improved such that saturated hydraulic conductivity of the 25 years-long abandonment improved from 4.38 to 6.09 mm/h. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Modeling the Effects of Land Use Change on Surface Runoff in the Watershed of Khorramabad Using RS and GIS Integration Model and L- THIA
hadis rashidi Ali Haghizadeh Hossein zeinivand Naser TahmasebipourBackground and Objective: land use change, mainly socio-economic benefits to follow. However, these changes have negative effects on the natural environment. Due to the high volume of runoff from a lack of permeability in the city and Non-use of certain areas or any str MoreBackground and Objective: land use change, mainly socio-economic benefits to follow. However, these changes have negative effects on the natural environment. Due to the high volume of runoff from a lack of permeability in the city and Non-use of certain areas or any structure in addition to the problem of flooding in low-lying areas for water infiltration in several studies to develop models with simulation approach to land use changes have taken place. In this study, L-THIA model for estimating runoff from land use changes in the area of Khorramabad is used. The Model of L-THIA, a model to assess long-term effects land use change on water resources using simple and availability data Such as long-term climate data, land use map and soil map applicable. Methods: This study was conducted in a period of 10 years and in the period of 2004-2014. Landsat images from the site the US Geological Survey has been downloaded and various corrections have been made. Land use maps were prepared and used using Landsat 7 satellite images of ETM sensors and Landsat 8 images of OLI sensors related to 2004 and 2014, respectively. Precipitation data are provided by the Regional Water Authority. After sorting, they are prepared for future analysis. By combining land use map and soil texture map in GIS software, the soil hydrological group is produced. Finally, the prepared maps are given to the L-THIA model and the effect of land use change on surface runoff is investigated.Findings: The results of modeling using L-THIA, increased annual runoff in ten years shows that this increased volume of runoff and the need for control over land use change in the region. User modifications to increase mainly in residential areas and loss of woodland and grassland.Discussion and Conclusion: As the results of this study show, the L-THIA model has a good ability to express the effect of land use change on the volume and depth of runoff. Also, using the results of the study, it is possible to prepare control programs for land use changes to prevent runoff in the area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The Use of Remote Sensing and Detecting Changes in the Evaluation of Vegetation (Case Study: Maleh Galle (Mleh Galle) Protected Area)
Gholam Reza Sabzghabaei Mohammad Javad Ehsandoost Seyedeh Soolmaz Dashti Atefeh Mir Fariba HedayatzadehBackground and Objective: Remote sensing techniques due to their specific features in providing rapid and inexpensive basic information is very important. Remote sensing is used these days in the important issues like making maps of the regions and the right decision ma MoreBackground and Objective: Remote sensing techniques due to their specific features in providing rapid and inexpensive basic information is very important. Remote sensing is used these days in the important issues like making maps of the regions and the right decision making. The aim of this study was to changes detection in vegetation of Maleh Galle protected area. Material and Methodology: In this study, satellite images of Landsat 7 ETM+, 2000 and 2010 were used and the vegetation changes using TerrSet software were considered regardless of the gardens and agricultural lands of the of, Maleh Galle protected area. In this study, after the preparation of Landsat ETM+ images for years 2000 and 2010 and necessary geometric corrections on them, for extract the parameters of vegetation cover, the original map was derived from processing images. Then, taking into account the classified land use map and map of NDVI index and keeping in mind the maximum likelihood parameter, ground truth map was prepared for the two years 2000 and 2010. Finally with two images difference method, the rate and the changes relation to each other investigated. Findings: The quantity changes between the years of 2000 and 2010 were examined and it was found that within 10 years, the level of protective vegetation cover has been increased from 5278/5 hectares to 2521/25 hectares. With the Difference method between final maps, it was found that the density of vegetation area has been reduced to 181/17 hectares. 3417/48 hectares of Vegetation area remained unchanged and 21739/59 hectares of vegetation area has been grown. Discussion and Conclusion: Results showed that satellite images equipped with Landsat ETM+ has sufficient capabilities to extract vegetation cover, particularly vegetation of forest areas. In this nearly ten-year period, when the area was included in the list of protected areas in Iran, by 2010, the protected vegetation of region has been increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Monitoring Land Use Change Emphasizing Physical Urban Development of Tehran, Using Remote Sensing and GIS
fatemeh bokaeain Aliakbar Shamsipour Marzieh Alikhah AslBackground and Objective: Surveying urban land use and cover and process of its changes is one of the important subjects and challenges in land management field and urban sustainable development. Physical development of cities and spreading its range is one of the impor MoreBackground and Objective: Surveying urban land use and cover and process of its changes is one of the important subjects and challenges in land management field and urban sustainable development. Physical development of cities and spreading its range is one of the important factors in urban land use changes which have variety environmental, economic and social impacts. In several past decades, Tehran city has been encountered with urban growth and development and several around towns that the subject has caused variety changes in urban lands of Tehran and around area. Surveying and analyzing urban land changes in Tehran city could be useful in land use planning. In this research Tehran land use changes in the past few decades have been examined.Method: In this research, the changes are surveyed and detected by satellite images of 7 bands TM sensor of Landsat satellite from 1988 to 2010 and three time period 1988, 2000 and 2010. For this purpose, the images from TM sensor of satellite images related Tehran and around area have been used. Before preprocess states, the images have been classified based on urban lands classes including urban, agriculture, water, jungle, rangeland and bare land in ENVI software and analyzed based on image difference and comparing post classification methods.Results: Results show that in the period, urban lands has grown gradually and constantly and bare land also is increasing in a very low scale. Also rangeland has been decreased in past decade, but agriculture lands, in spite of decreasing than 1988, are faced increasing since 2000.Conclusion: In generally, because of developing industrial, military and tourism activities in around of the city, area of rangeland and agricultural lands is decreased and city area is increased which has different environmental and cultural impacts (mainly as negative impacts) in circumstance of the city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Three Decades of Land Use Changes Analyzing in Anzali, Using GIS/RS
MAHSA ADL ALIREZA GHARAGOZLU JAFAR NOURI SHAHRZAD FARYADIBackground and Objective: Land use surveys and review of environmental changes are one of the most important aspects of environmental management for future planning. Method: After image processing by using ERDAS software Landsat images (TM, ETM+) and Aster image (taken MoreBackground and Objective: Land use surveys and review of environmental changes are one of the most important aspects of environmental management for future planning. Method: After image processing by using ERDAS software Landsat images (TM, ETM+) and Aster image (taken in 1989, 2000 and in 2011(in order to demonstrates Anzali land use changes during 3 decades, each image was classified separately, in six classes of land uses/covers: 1- built-up areas, 2- agricultural, 3- barren, 4- forest, 5- wetland, and 6- water bodies and then, the primary land use map was extracted for each image. Having finished the image classification stage, accuracy of classification was determined and area coverage for all six types of land use within the Anzali were calculated over three decades. Findings: The results predicted a declining trend of 10.64% in forest, 8.52% in Anzali wetland and 11.54% in barren land during1989 to 2011, and also an increasing trend of 7.1% in urban areas for a time span 1989-2021. Major expansions in urban areas were witnessed around western and eastern borders of the city, particularly close to the eastern border. Scattered expansions were also predicted in Anzali wetlands registered in Ramsar Convention (Southern borders). Discussion and Conclusion: This study provides an opportunity to define and apply better strategies for environmental management of land use in order to make an optimized balance between urban development and ecological protection of environmental resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
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جلال عبداللهی محمدحسن رحیمیان کاظم دشتکیان مهدی شادان -
Open Access Article
18 - Study of the Relationship between Landuse Change and Topographic Parameters in Mashhad in GIS Environment
Mehdi Gholamalifard Iman Fatehi Hamed Bidel Bahareh GhafouriBackground and Objective: Detection of land change during time series is very important for making optimal decisions about land management through understanding the interactions between human and natural phenomena. In this study, changes in landuse in Mashhad and their MoreBackground and Objective: Detection of land change during time series is very important for making optimal decisions about land management through understanding the interactions between human and natural phenomena. In this study, changes in landuse in Mashhad and their relation with topographic conditions were investigated using the Landsat images of 1987, 2001 and 2014. Method: Landuse map was created using visual interpretation method with six classes including bare lands, dry lands, forest, irrigated farming lands, range lands and urban lands. Finally, the relation of landuse changes with topographic components (elevation, slope, and aspect) was studied. Findings: Results showed that area of urban, forest and bare landuses is increased and area of dry, irrigated farming and range landuses is decreased during the study period. Greatest landuse change was from irrigated farming to dry farming lands, which was about 37702.75 ha. Mashhad urban area has been expanded about 16754 ha in the studied 27-year period, most which happened in locations with 800-1600 m of elevation, 8-12% slope and located in northern and eastern aspects. Conclusion: The obtained results can be used as a useful mean for managing the regions disposed to landuse change and provide the planners with suitable view to manage the landuse and future development plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Investigation on the Qualitative Changes of Tehran green space, between 1990 and 2006(Case study: District 5 of Tehran municipality)
Mona Soroudi Seid Ali JoziBackground and Objective: Regarding the vegetation's crucial role in urban environment, investigation on the change detection seems to be necessary. Therefore, the usage of remote sensing was noticed to be important to study the changes. Method: In this study, to estim MoreBackground and Objective: Regarding the vegetation's crucial role in urban environment, investigation on the change detection seems to be necessary. Therefore, the usage of remote sensing was noticed to be important to study the changes. Method: In this study, to estimate the qualitative changes of vegetation cover, the NDVI was applied and Tm and IRS images of 1990 and 2006 were used and vegetation maps of District 5 of Tehran municipality by underlining the different greenness levels were generated. Findings: Statistics revealed that the area of good and moderate greenness level vegetated lands decreased and the area of poor greenness level vegetated lands increased by 23.22, 684.27 and 299.43 ha respectively. It is important to mention that to find out the procedure of qualitative changes of the study area's vegetation cover post-classification change detection technique applied and results indicated that non-vegetated areas converted to poor and moderate greenness level vegetated lands by 0.9 and 186.48 ha respectively. Also the conversion of 419.58 ha of poor and 175.86 ha of moderate greenness level vegetated lands to non-vegetated lands was noticed. Conclusion: The maximum amount of increased non-vegetated area and destroyed moderate and good greenness level vegetated lands were studied in region number 2. So, region number 2, in comparison with other six regions has been changed the most during 1990 to 2006. The equal amount of increased non-vegetated area and decreased vegetated area by 408.06 ha showed that land use changes have been accrued in study area, therefore conservation and increase the urban vegetated areas are important to develop urban master plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Checking the Unauthorized Use Arable Land and Gardens in Jurisprudence and Law
Mohammadali askari Ali mohammadianPopulation growth and development of the cities and the rising cost of land and irregular utilization of the land cause the good agricultural land Always consider by jobber and the change of use and shrinking the globe, remove them from the production cycle and cause se MorePopulation growth and development of the cities and the rising cost of land and irregular utilization of the land cause the good agricultural land Always consider by jobber and the change of use and shrinking the globe, remove them from the production cycle and cause severe damage to agricultural production. So the protection of agricultural lands, not only to support agricultural economics, but also to support the economy, it is imperative given the importance of agricultural lands, Parliament with proper understanding of the risks of changes in agricultural land use, in 1374 passed a law under the title: maintain agricultural lands and gardens, the law was later revised and amended. In this study, we try to critique and analysis of the law, answered to important questions what strategies and legal and effective legal in confronting unauthorized users by changing farm and orchard there. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Design and organize a conservation- tourism in fringe gardens, (Case study: Sarab Qanbar Kermanshah)
Sajjad Shamshiri Hassan DarabiMost of Iranian cities are located beside productive lands which are proper for gardening andagricultural activities. Therefore, there exist many gardens and farmlands in marginal areas.Development of cities has decreased the rural quality of these lands. Obviously, und MoreMost of Iranian cities are located beside productive lands which are proper for gardening andagricultural activities. Therefore, there exist many gardens and farmlands in marginal areas.Development of cities has decreased the rural quality of these lands. Obviously, under thesecircumstances we must take a more sensitive responsibility for the value of marginal areas. On theother hand, with the increase in population of cities like Kermanshah and in the resident’s demand forgreen and open spaces for spending leisure times and making social interactions, the need fordeveloping new spaces proper for spending leisure times in marginal areas is strongly felt in the city.The role that gardens and farmlands have in respect of recreation and aesthetic might prevent the actsof construction in these areas. In this study, by applying landscape ecology for establishing newactivities and practices, we firstly evaluate the existing condition of gardens in Sarab-e-Ghanbar. Thenthe region is zonation visually. Identification of these zone is made to implement practical solutionsfor improving total condition of the region as well as to determine features, potentials and issuesrelated to each zone. Finally, with developing aims for design and organize, these studies are made inthe form of a strategic plan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - اثر توسعه فیزیکی شهر تهران بر تغییر کاربری اراضی منطقه 5
لیلا واحدیان بیکی احمد پوراحمد فرانک سیفالدینی -
Open Access Article
23 - Civil liability arising from the implementation of the Law extermination keep users
ali noorani سید مهدی میرداداشی ابراهیم دلشاد معارفBased on increase of changing the garden and agricultural land usage of country and the decision of government to counter fronting this issue and protecting the usage of agricultural lands for substantial development, and based on law, the agricultural (Jahad-Keshavarzi MoreBased on increase of changing the garden and agricultural land usage of country and the decision of government to counter fronting this issue and protecting the usage of agricultural lands for substantial development, and based on law, the agricultural (Jahad-Keshavarzi) organization of provinces is chosen as the responsible of this important issue.Since the implementation of tin and cut illegal land use changes Mtabqtbsrh 2 Article 10 of the said law, Rasavbdvn judicial sentence carried out (by the authority of law)In most cases because the damage done by mechanical devices Inevitably brings damage. The purpose of this studyExplaining the government's civil liability Or his staffIn the lawBased on jurisprudence and legal rules whichIt looks at whereGovernment employee on purpose or gross errorThe damage caused to othersIs responsibleOtherwiseIn the case of State responsibilityAnd in most casesaccording toWarningruleThe government will have no liability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Assessment of land use changes into dry land using satellite images and Geographical information system (GIS)
Alireza Moradi Mohammad Jafari Hossein Arzani Mahdieh EbrahimiThe aim of this stydy is to proced the trend process of land cover changes as a result of land use changes into dry land using satellite images, remote sensing and GIS softwares and to find out the type and magnitude of changes by the image sensor Landsat ETM in 2000 an MoreThe aim of this stydy is to proced the trend process of land cover changes as a result of land use changes into dry land using satellite images, remote sensing and GIS softwares and to find out the type and magnitude of changes by the image sensor Landsat ETM in 2000 and sensor of Landsat OLI in 2014 using ENVI®5 software and unsupervised classification methods in Dehsard and kohsefeid, Kerman province. Finally, land use classification map including rangelands, agricultural lands and gardens was specified. In order to produce the training points, field visits, GPS and Google Earth software were utilized. Supervised classification was used to assess the accuracy of classification images. Afterwards, KAPA coefficie was applied to calculate the precision of produced maps. Precision matrix was created for each map. For the detection and assessment of land use changes as compared to the others, Crosstab was used. The results of land use changes in two regions showed that in this regard, the rangelands had the most changes estimated as 77% and 73% for Dehsard and Kohsefid watersheds, respectively. The precision of classification maps was given as 98% for both watersheds. The results of this study showed that the expansion of agricultural activities concerning the rangeland ecosystems could change the rangelands into the lands with low efficiency and in two mentioned regions, 9% and 20% of changes occurred in the low efficiency lands in Dehsard nd Kohsefid watersheds, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Monitoring and forecasting of land use change by applying Markov chain model and land change modeler (Case study: Dehloran Bartash plains, Ilam)
Seyed Reza Mir Alizadehfard Seyedeh Maryam AlibakhshiNowadays modeling and forecasting of land use changes by application of satellite images can be a very useful tool for describing relations between natural environment and human activities to help planners to make decisions in complicated conditions. There are various m MoreNowadays modeling and forecasting of land use changes by application of satellite images can be a very useful tool for describing relations between natural environment and human activities to help planners to make decisions in complicated conditions. There are various methods for forecasting of land uses and coverage, in which the Markov chain model is one of them. In this research, land use changes in Bartash plain in Dehloran which is located in Ilam province in the area of 135244 hectares in 3 time periods (1988, 2001 and 2013) of landSat satellite images, providing land use map in 6 classes (low density forest, medium-dense grassland, poor grassland, agricultural, alluvium sediments and non-vegetated lands) by application of Kohonens neural network and also Markov anticipation model and Land change modeler (LCM) approach was predicted for the year 2030. The classification results showed the rate of demolition and a reduction of the area of low density forests and medium grassland land uses and increase in area of other land uses. Reduction of low density forest and the medium grassland area and increasing growth of other land uses demonstrated the overall destruction in the region and replaced with poorer land uses. At the end, by application of the Markov chain model and LCM modeling approach, land use changes were a forecasted for the year 2030. The results of changes anticipation matrix based on maps of years 2001 and 2013 showed that it is likely that in the period of 2013-2030, 45% of low density forest, 71% of medium grassland, 96% of poor grassland, 81% of agricultural lands, 93% alluvialvium sediments and 100% of non-vegetated lands remain changeless; non-vegetated lands have the most stability and low density forest have the least stability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Investigating the visual pollution of non-heterogeneous land uses in the tourist areas (Case study: Dohezar and Sehezar forests of Tonekabon)
Kobra Melhosseini Darani Samar Mortazavi Seyed Mohsen Hosseini Kamran Shayesteh Samereh FalahatkarDevelopment requires land, and the most obvious feature of the development, land use change, and hence pollution of the land's landscape. For an investigation into the effect of disturbance on the landscape, land use map, using Landsat satellite image of 2016, is produc MoreDevelopment requires land, and the most obvious feature of the development, land use change, and hence pollution of the land's landscape. For an investigation into the effect of disturbance on the landscape, land use map, using Landsat satellite image of 2016, is produced. Calculating the LPI, LSI, MPS and SHDI metrics, the two viewpoints are considered in the case study area. The height of the observer is applied to the DSM map of this region and a visible zone of these points is determined. Therefore, the visual disturbance criterion is examined. According to the man-made and natural uses, this criterion is quantified, considering the above-mentioned metrics. LSI value changes from one to infinity. At the first viewpoint, amounts of the LSI are 21.32, 19 and 2.35 for forest, pasture and mine respectively. Also, in the second one, 7.27, 26.91, 22.24, 1.66, 3.90 and 13.78 are obtained for residential land, forest, pasture, aquaculture, agriculture and rocks. Small LSI numbers of mine, aquaculture and agriculture, being about one, indicates the presence of a human in these areas. The results of MPS and SHDI metrics show that the natural land use of pasture and forest are cut by the man-made of mine. From the second viewpoint, forest, pasture and rocks, having large and close MPS numbers, give a natural face to the landscape. The presence of agriculture, residential and aquaculture with small MPS values, being different from the natural land use, causes a lack of naturalness and disturbance in this part of the region. This study could develop the new and basic method for the understanding of landscape changes in the planning and management fields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Comparison of soil organic carbon estimation using remote sensing and Near Infrared spectrum in forest and agricultural land uses in Gyan area, Hamadan province
Soheilasadat Hashemi Parinaz AbdoliIn this study, the relationship between spectral reflections using Landsat 8 satellite sensors and near infrared spectrum with 48 soil samples were investigated in agricultural and forestry uses in Gyan Nahavand, Hamadan province . Soil samples were collected from 0-30 MoreIn this study, the relationship between spectral reflections using Landsat 8 satellite sensors and near infrared spectrum with 48 soil samples were investigated in agricultural and forestry uses in Gyan Nahavand, Hamadan province . Soil samples were collected from 0-30 cm depth, randomly. The analysis of the correlation between main bands, artificial bands and soil surface organic carbon, as well as vegetation indices, composition of indicators and soil surface organic carbon were performed. Spectral analysis of soils using field spectrometer with wavelength range of 350-2500 nm was conducted. After recording the spectra, a variety of pre-processing methods were evaluated. The results showed that in the remote sensing method, only the 11 band shows a significant correlation at the level of 5% with organic carbon in agricultural. Also, band composition (band7/ band8) had a significant correlation at the level of 1% with organic carbon content. Three vegetation indices, NDVI, DVI and RAI with organic carbon showed a significant correlation at the level of 5%. The correlation between the calculated organic carbon in the laboratory and the image in agricultural land use was achieved R2 = 0.36. While the correlation of calculated organic carbon in the laboratory and the image was calculated (R2=0.32) at all points. In the spectroscopy method, the highest correlations were observed at wavelengths of 1404, 1907, and 2216, respectively. Among the fitted models given by the multiple regression, stepwise model is proposed for the estimation of organic carbon, a suitable model. Consequently if the number of samples is very low, the laboratory method may be appropriate, but if the number of samples is too high, the spectroscopy method is appropriate to save time, and in order to save costs. Due to the high cost of spectroscopy in Iran, the method of remote sensing is propose as appropriate method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Monitoring and prediction of spatial and temporal changes of landuse/ cover (Case study: Marave Tappeh region, Golestan)
Asghar Farajollahi Hamid Reza Asgari Majid Ownagh Mohammad Reza Mahboubi Abdol-Rasoul Salman MahiniIn this research, land use changes in previous years and the possibility of predicting in the future using Markov chain model were investigated in the Maraveh Tappeh region of Golestan province. Therefore, using images of MSS, ETM+ and OLI sensors of LandSat satellite a MoreIn this research, land use changes in previous years and the possibility of predicting in the future using Markov chain model were investigated in the Maraveh Tappeh region of Golestan province. Therefore, using images of MSS, ETM+ and OLI sensors of LandSat satellite and using ancillary information, land use maps of 1986, 2000 and 2014 was provided and land use map of 2024 was predicted. According to the results, dense forest area decreased during the study period and with passing time but the area of agricultural land increased with the passage of time while the dense rangeland area decreased during the period 1984-2000. The annual growth rate of agricultural land has achieved 113.45 ha during the period 1984-2000 and this change value was obtained 91.27 ha for the period 2000-2014. The results of predicting changes in the time interval 2014-2028, showed it is possible that will be decreased semi-dense forest and dense rangelands and will be increased other land-use areas according to results of model predictions. The highest increase will be belonging to agricultural land use that will be increased to 25.89 ha per year. According to research findings, land-use changes are causing degradation of natural resource areas. However, in recent years, have taken effective actions to protect these areas, but more attention and protection of natural resources and environment in the Marave Tappeh region is essentially still. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Change detection in land use using remote sensing data and GIS (Case study: Ardabil county)
Marzieh Mosayebi Mohsen MalekiPopulation growth, urban development and the need of new residential regions and resources for human food, enhanced land use changes all over the world. The aim of this study was detection of land use changes in the last 25 years in the county of Ardabil. In this resear MorePopulation growth, urban development and the need of new residential regions and resources for human food, enhanced land use changes all over the world. The aim of this study was detection of land use changes in the last 25 years in the county of Ardabil. In this research, changes in land use were investigated based on LandSat imagery interpretation in three time periods between, 1987, 1998 and 2010 using GIS and remote sensing techniques and statistical methods. The map of study region was then georeferenced using DGN after geometric and atmospheric correction. Sample points in each land use class were taken in sufficient number and of suitable distribution among the study area. Using supervised classification (maximum likelihood algorithm), the best band combination and the land use maps for the years 1987, 1998, and 2010 were produced. The accuracy of the produced land use maps using overall accuracy and Kappa statistic was approved. The results indicated that some irrigated farming, gardens, residential and industrial areas and degraded lands have increased between 1987 and 2010; and the area of some land uses have decreased such as forests, rangelands and dry farming areas during this period. According to the findings from this research on the period of 1987-1998, rangelands and forests decreased 10.20% and 0.5% respectively, but dry farming lands, irrigated farming lands, and the barrier lanes have increased 5.62%, 1.8%, and 1.8% respectively. In the period of 1998-2010 rangelands, dry farming lands and forests have decreased 7.9%, 11.52% and 3.69% respectively, but irrigated farming lands have increased 1.2% and the barrier lands have also increased 17.7%. The kappa coefficient of land use maps was calculated 0.81, 0.87 and 0, 89 for the years 1987, 1998 and 2010 respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - بررسی تغییرات کاربری اراضی با استفاده از تصاویر ماهواره ای وتکنیک های سنجش از دور به منظور بررسی بیابان زایی(مطالعه موردی: ریگ متین)
زهرا چترسیماب -
Open Access Article
31 - Modifications in Green Spaces of Kerman, Using Landsat Images Time Series (2000 - 2018)
Hamid Soltaninejad Soroush Khalili Zahra Shahi Mohammad Taghi RazavianThe explosion of the population and the development of cities in the last century have caused many problems, including the destruction of agricultural lands and green spaces, which is the subject of our discussion in this study. The city of Kerman has seen rapid growth MoreThe explosion of the population and the development of cities in the last century have caused many problems, including the destruction of agricultural lands and green spaces, which is the subject of our discussion in this study. The city of Kerman has seen rapid growth in recent years in the city's physical development, with its direct reflection of the loss of green spaces in and around the city. With the help of Landsat images and comparison of land use maps, it is clear that this trend has been rising rapidly between 2000 and 2018. In this research, data gathering was done through field observations and use of Landsat satellite imagery. ENVI, ArcGIS and Google Earth softwares have been used for statistical and visual analyzes. On satellite images in the ENVI software, radiometric correction was performed using Radiometric Calibration, and then by FLAASH Atmospheric Correction, an atmospheric correction was performed to minimize the error. The results show that over the years, almost 11% have been reduced from the share of agricultural lands and wastelands and by contrast, the share of land that has been built has increased the same amount. Therefore, it is possible to make suggestions including the use of infill development for the conservation of agricultural lands, the completion of the green belt of Kerman city by the municipality, construction on the arid lands in the 2nd district of Kerman, preventing land speculation, and fully comply with the rules of comprehensive and detailed plans, especially on urban green spaces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Evaluation of land use changes and its effect on surface albedo and surface temperature Case study: Cities from Sari to Chalous
Abbas Ebrahimi Taher Safarrad Gholamreza janbazghobadiLand use change in cities leads to changes in surface temperature and surface albedo. Surface albedo plays an important role in land surface energy budget and climate. This article examines the land use changes and its effect on the surface albedo and surface temperatur MoreLand use change in cities leads to changes in surface temperature and surface albedo. Surface albedo plays an important role in land surface energy budget and climate. This article examines the land use changes and its effect on the surface albedo and surface temperature. For this purpose, 3 satellite images of Landsat 5 and 8 were used for August, 1998, 2010 and 2017 in the area of Sari to Chalus cities. The Sabal algorithm was used to extract the surface temperature and surface albedo. Urban thermal characteristics were analyzed by examining the relationships between land surface temperature (LST) and two indices, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI). The results of this research confirm the inverse and significant relationship between LST and NDVI and the direct and significant relationship between LST and each of the variables Albedo and NDBI. On the other hand, during the years 1978 to 2017, built-Up area that form impervious surfaces have been replaced by natural and permeable surfaces, in other words, a decrease in NDVI and an increase in NDBI and Albedo have been observed in the studied area. The surface of the earth has been manifested in cities. Also, the correlation between NDVI and LST is rather weak, but there is a strong positive correlation between albedo, NDBI and LST. The increase in construction in cities has led to an increase in albedo and the subsequent increase in surface temperature due to the increase in impervious surfaces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Explaining the effects of changes in rural land use in Astana-Asharfieh County
rahim shoghi Nasrollah MolaeiHashjin Timor AmarToday, discussions and concerns about land use changes in rural society have been seriously considered. The main purpose of this research is to identify the influencing factors on land use changes in the villages of Astane Ashrafieh County. In the first part of the rese MoreToday, discussions and concerns about land use changes in rural society have been seriously considered. The main purpose of this research is to identify the influencing factors on land use changes in the villages of Astane Ashrafieh County. In the first part of the research, Landsat satellite images were used to investigate land use changes. In the second part, factors affecting land use changes were analyzed using statistical analysis. Based on this, 28 villages of the County were studied as a case study. The research method was descriptive-analytical.Questionnaire technique was used to collect data and statistical methods were used to analyze data. The results showed that among the independent economic indicators, the benefits of investing in the land and housing sector had the strongest correlation and relationship with land use changes. Among the independent social indicators, the indicators of the role of the owners of the second house in the village and the increase in the number of residential tourists and the need for land for construction had the strongest correlation and connection with land use changes. Among independent physical indicators, tourism in the study area had the highest correlation and relationship with land use changes. Correlation analysis between independent institutional-management indicators and land use changes showed that indicators of the weakness of executive bodies in informing agricultural land owners about the type of land use and the prohibition of land use changes had the highest correlation and a very strong relationship with land use changes in the village. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The effect of grassland conversion to the other agricultural uses on some soil physicochemical properties (Case Study: Watershed Basin of Amameh)
Mohammad PichandThe change of rangeland to agricultural lands has serious effects on the amount of soil organic matter and physico- chemical characteristics. This study was conducted to investigating the effects of rangeland conversion into agricultural land use on soil properties in A MoreThe change of rangeland to agricultural lands has serious effects on the amount of soil organic matter and physico- chemical characteristics. This study was conducted to investigating the effects of rangeland conversion into agricultural land use on soil properties in Amameh watershed (Tehran province). Four land use types were selected including rangeland, fallow, orchard and agricultural lands. Soil sampling was carried out as random systematic method (three repeat for each land use) from 0-30 cm depths. Some soil properties such as pH, electrical conductivity, calcium carbonate, sodium, Saturation, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, carbon and gravel were measured. Statistical analysis were also performed on the data and the results showed that changing land use from rangeland to agricultural lands, fallow and orchard did not show any significant changes on pH, Mg and Na; whereas electrical conductivity, gravel, calcium carbonate, Saturation, carbon, potassium and phosphorus showed significant changes due to the land use change. The results revealed that by changing land use from rangeland to other use types the amounts of calcium carbonate, phosphorous, potassium and gravel have decreased, more obviously in fallow and agricultural lands. In addition, soil carbon increased, this was due to land-use conversion from rangeland to orchard and agriculture. Moreover, electrical conductivity, Saturation, potassium, phosphorus and carbon in the orchard were significantly higher than the other land uses. Generally, results of this study showed that changing land use had significant effect on the soil properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Study on land-use changes using GIS and RS techniques and . economic evaluationcompared to soil loss changes. Case study: Azad dam watershed
maarof emamgholi kaka shahedi mohamad hosein farhodi kheh bat khosraviThis study was carried out for assess changes in land-cover and land-use from 1987 to 2006 in the Azad dam watershed of Kurdistan province. For this purpose, initially using Landsat satellite images, percent of vegetation cover map was provided then by correction geomet MoreThis study was carried out for assess changes in land-cover and land-use from 1987 to 2006 in the Azad dam watershed of Kurdistan province. For this purpose, initially using Landsat satellite images, percent of vegetation cover map was provided then by correction geometric, radiometric and the season difference in imaging, the best band combination was selected and land-use maps was prepare using Maximum Similarity Likelihood algorithm and supervised classification. The overall accuracy test used to determine the accuracy of produced map. The result showed that, the area of irrigated land from 14.33% to 13.70%, dry land from 15.43% to 26.63% and poor rangelands from 24.37% to 42.17% have increased but, the average rangelands from 28.57% to 14.83% and good rangelands with shrub cover from 17.30% to 2.64% have been reduced. Also, classification accuracy in irrigation land, dry land, poor and average and good rangelands were determined 66, 74, 82, 76 and 84 percent respectively. Subsequently, the amount of soil loss and sediment yield using EPM model have been estimated that in 1987 this amount was 8.7 m3/ha/y and to 10.2 m3/ha/y for 2006 was increased. Finally, obtained results of economic estimation and occurred soil loss showed that stakeholders were damaged to 10 billion rails in the study area Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - A Comparative Study of Land Use Change Using Object Method (A Case Study of Tabriz and Karaj)
Abolfazl Ghanbari Mousa Vaezi Rahimeh Rostami Maedeh BakooyiThe development and expansion of cities are one of the main factors in the land use change that have been neglected due to environmental, and socio-economic, environmental problems. The present research is aimed at a comparative study of urban development and land use c MoreThe development and expansion of cities are one of the main factors in the land use change that have been neglected due to environmental, and socio-economic, environmental problems. The present research is aimed at a comparative study of urban development and land use change in two metropolises of Tabriz and Karaj during the period 2000 to 2017. The research is applied and descriptive-analytic. The object-oriented method and Heldern model were used to analyze data. Comparison of urban growth indicates the rapid growth of Karaj compared to Tabriz. Tabriz has grown 4.2% during this period, but Karaj has grown by 7% and this development has been 1.5%, 2%, and 0.5% respectively in Tabriz and 4%, 2%, and 1% in Karaj and the most degraded rangelands (10%) in Tabriz have had the most combined use of garden and agriculture with 4.5% of destruction. Holdern model shows that Karaj's growth has followed the growth of the population, and the high growth of the population has undermined the city's growth. Tabriz has an average of 0.55% growth due to population growth and 0.45% growth due to urban growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Investigating parameters of land uses in detailed urban plans and their consequences on general land use (case study of Hamadan, region 1)
Kamal Mohammadi Kiumarth Habibi Mohammad Reza BemanianFollowing the land revisions acts in 1960s and the consequent urban growth, cities observed high growth in building cities following which comprehensive urban plans were prepared and approved. But since these plans had not enough ability to solve these problems because MoreFollowing the land revisions acts in 1960s and the consequent urban growth, cities observed high growth in building cities following which comprehensive urban plans were prepared and approved. But since these plans had not enough ability to solve these problems because of the lack of accurate and correct attention to urban problems detailed plans were prepared and approved in 1970s. Urban detailed plans were prepared for extending building city criteria, development of cities and harmonizing different parts of city. Inefficiency of urban development plans including detailed urban plans with existing realities emerges in social phenomenon of cities. One of these problems is changing land uses which are formed in contrary with criteria and regulations of detailed planes, legally and illegally followed in cities. Result of these changes are imbalance in urban services and continued decline of urban environment quality. This shows inability of detailed plan in development based on the existing planning. This research tries to determine changes in approved land uses in Hamadan through library studies, distributing questionnaire between target society during 2002 to 2012 and their causes were analyzed using SPSS, ARC GIS and AUTO CAD software. In studying causes of changing urban land uses the highest share belongs to economic and legal factors which could be because of lack of sustainable income resources in municipalities and strong administrative guarantee in urbanization regulations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Investigating the Role of Tourism Development in Garden Houses in Reducing the Effects of the Urban Heat Island in Isfahan
Khadijeh salehi Amir GandomkarThe expansion of urbanization and the development of urban lands towards orchards and agricultural farms is one of the biggest problems of the country's major cities, and in recent years, this development, along with reduced water resources and a sharp increase in popul MoreThe expansion of urbanization and the development of urban lands towards orchards and agricultural farms is one of the biggest problems of the country's major cities, and in recent years, this development, along with reduced water resources and a sharp increase in population, has led to the development of urban heat and metropolitan heating. In this study, by examining the situation of the heat island of Isfahan and its surroundings, as well as changes in green spaces and gardens adjacent to the city of Isfahan, the relationship between these two variables was evaluated. The research method is descriptive and correlational and the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of tourism development of garden houses around the city of Isfahan and its role in reducing the effects of the heat island of Isfahan. The results of this study showed that in recent years the temperature of Isfahan and its surroundings has increased between 2.5 to 4 degrees Celsius and this increase has coincided with the development of Isfahan and the destruction of gardens around the city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - اثر توسعه فیزیکی شهر تهران بر تغییر کاربری اراضی منطقه 5
لیلا واحدیان بیکی احمد پوراحمد فرانک سیفالدینی -
Open Access Article
40 - Explaining the Consequences of Agricultural Land-Use Change on Demographic Changes in Rural Areas (Case Study: Sari, Mazandaran Province)
Seyyedeh Fahimeh Hashempoor Nasrollah Molaei Hashjin Mohamad Baset Ghoreyshi Bahman RamzaniAgricultural land-use changes are considered as one of the undesirable phenomena indicating the greedy nature of humans. One of the most important consequences of this undesirable change is disorder in the livelihoods and income of local residents and the occurrence of MoreAgricultural land-use changes are considered as one of the undesirable phenomena indicating the greedy nature of humans. One of the most important consequences of this undesirable change is disorder in the livelihoods and income of local residents and the occurrence of population movements. Accordingly, the main objective of this study is to investigate the consequence of agricultural land-use change on the demographic changes in rural areas of Sari city. The method of this study is descriptive-analytical and library and survey methods were used to collect data. The statistical population of the study was 25 villages, which were selected by random quota sampling and according to Cochran formula, 381 families were selected as sample size. The results of the analysis showed that in the last decade, agricultural lands has been decreased by 6% in the studied villages. It has had a great impact on the rural population dynamics. In villages near to the city and the sea due to their proximity to Sari city and having more job opportunities and benefiting from services and infrastructure an increase in population density has occurred, while in remote villages due to lack of access and unfavorable services and facilities, and value added of agricultural land-use change population decline has occurred. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Predicting land use changes with emphasis on residential lands using CA-Markov model Case study (Bojnourd plain catchment)
ahmad hoseinzadeh Abdolreza Kashki reza Javidi Sabaghian Mukhtar KaramiUnderstanding temporal and spatial changes in land use is essential for decision makers and community planners. Land use requires knowledge of the current trend and forecasting future developments in land use and land cover. In this study, using Landsat 7, 8 satellite i MoreUnderstanding temporal and spatial changes in land use is essential for decision makers and community planners. Land use requires knowledge of the current trend and forecasting future developments in land use and land cover. In this study, using Landsat 7, 8 satellite images and Ca-Markov model in EDRISI TerrSet software, simulation and prediction of land use changes in Bojnourd catchment area in North Khorasan province has been performed. After making atmospheric and geometric corrections on the images of 2001 and 2019, a map predicting land use changes has been produced for 2040.The validation of the model is done through the kappa coefficient, the value of which is 0.92 for the land use map of 2001 and 0.95 for 2019. The results of the model prediction show that in the study area, residential lands with the increase of more than 5 thousand hectares during the study period have the most changes. Also, most of the changes have been made around the city of Bojnourd. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Analysis of the Effects and Consequences of Land Application Change in Agri-Lands in Villages of Central District of LahiJan Town in recent decade
سید رحیم مشیری محمد تقی قماش پسندThe town of Lahijan, especially its central district’s villages is rich in terms of variety of products. Preserving agricultural lands (paddy fields) tea gardens, and berry gardens for sericulture can bring out many benefits such as food production, healthy MoreThe town of Lahijan, especially its central district’s villages is rich in terms of variety of products. Preserving agricultural lands (paddy fields) tea gardens, and berry gardens for sericulture can bring out many benefits such as food production, healthy drinks, silk yarn, prevention of migration to town, population growth in them, and city dwelling problems, creation of jobs, self-sufficiency of agricultural products such as rice, tea, and silk, political independence and lack of air pollution and other negative effects in terms of physical- spatial, socio-cultural in preserving the variety of crops. If agro-lands get changed to be non-agri ones, there would never be such benefits just mentioned. The present research aims at finding the reason for land application change in 30 villages of central section chosen by the use of Koran formula so that the physical, social, cultural, economic, environments effects and subsequent can be identified. The methodology used here is descriptive- analytic. Data have been collected through library and field studies, and questionnaire. To analyze the data, the analytical model of SWOT is used. Findings reveal that the rules for land application change have not been very effective in preserving land. Moreover, the physical, social, cultural, economic, and environmental changes can been observed more clearly in villages especially the surrounding villages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Sprawling City and the Changing of the Rural Land use(Case Study:Bandaranzalicity in the Recent Half)
MASOOD MAHDAVI Afsaneh berenjkarAlong with the increasing growth of habitation in cities in the recent half century, the alteration of the rural landuse has also increased.The density of population and scarcity of lands inevitably lead to the development of the cities and extend themtoward the periphe MoreAlong with the increasing growth of habitation in cities in the recent half century, the alteration of the rural landuse has also increased.The density of population and scarcity of lands inevitably lead to the development of the cities and extend themtoward the peripherallands.With its horizontal growth,the city moves toward the peripheral villages which are situated in its immediate location, and absorbsthe rural lands in itself and as the time passes,the villages will be completely swallowed by the cities.During this process,the rural lands gradually undergo a change in their application as some urban symbols appear in them and they finally get merged with the cities.As a result,sprawlingcitycreates a disordered and dispersed development of the city around itself and changes the application of the rural lands.The main purpose of the present research is toreview the process of the transformation of the rural lands around the Anzali Port which have undergone a change in the application during the process of the physical development and have been annexed to the city’s territory. The field research method and library documentation were used for the collection of information,and the Excel application was used for drawing the graphs and doing the calculations while the GIS and Autocad applications were used for drawing the maps.The results of the research indicate that the Anzali Port is the only urban center in the town which attracts the immigratingpopulation,including the adjacent villages and cities.During the recent half century,this process has decreased the city’s population and its lands and the city inevitably develops toward the lands of the adjacent villages. Throughout this process, the Anzali Port has merged four villages in its proximity including Sousar, Navir, Shahvar and Koulivar while the Bashman and Talebabad villages which are located in the peripheries of the city are not exceptions to this rule as the majority of their lands have undergone a change in used and turned into urban constructions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - An Investigation of the Effects of Reusing Traditional Houses as Schools of Architecture on Students and the Local People (Case Study : Traditional Houses in Ardabil)
Mahsa Javadi Nodeh Azadeh ShahcheragiUsing traditional houses as schools of architecture is based on sustainable multi-dimensional concepts. Reusing these houses can affect the quality of life of the people living in historical textures as well as the experiences of the users of those spaces. Appropriate l MoreUsing traditional houses as schools of architecture is based on sustainable multi-dimensional concepts. Reusing these houses can affect the quality of life of the people living in historical textures as well as the experiences of the users of those spaces. Appropriate learning environments can leave positive effects on the education of the students of architecture.However, these beneficiaries have not been considered in the related processes and the effects of their needs on different aspects of changing the use class of these houses have not been evaluated. Therefore, in the present study, the effective criteria in reusing traditional houses as schools of architecture were evaluated from the viewpoints of the people living in the historical texture and the students of architecture so as to determine the effects of these criteria on the education of the students and the quality of life of the local residents.The traditional houses located in Uch-Dokan Neighborhood were propounded by the experts for these purposes.The houses in this neighborhood were investigated using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods.A questionnaire validated by Cronbach’s α was used to evaluate operational research patterns. Also, considering the normal distribution of the main variables, both descriptive and inferential statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used to determine the relationship between the purposes of the beneficiaries and the variables of the study from the viewpoints of the students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University and the residents of Uch-Dokan Neighborhood. The results indicated that from the viewpoints of the students, attending to perceptual dimensions (aesthetics, belonging...) was the most effective factor on their education when using the traditional houses as schools of architecture. From the viewpoints of the residents, functional dimensions (social and cultural activities..) were found to have the highest correlation with their quality of life and vitality in the environment. Manuscript profile
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