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Open Access Article
1 - A Study on the Appearance of Perfect Human in Saib Tabrizi and Bidel Dehlavi's Divan Based on Quran and Practical Mysticism
Shahnaz Zarrin Khat Reza Ashrafzadeh Mohammad FazeliHuman is the main basis and the real stimulus of progress in all societies and also the ultimate goal of the universe creation. The importance of the mentioned issue would be clear out when the main subject of all humanities specifically the literary-mystical scien MoreHuman is the main basis and the real stimulus of progress in all societies and also the ultimate goal of the universe creation. The importance of the mentioned issue would be clear out when the main subject of all humanities specifically the literary-mystical sciences is "man" and his way to excellence and perfection. The fundamental question is "what is the way to know the perfect man, and how can this be achieved?" To answer this question, (this paper) initially introduces the perfect man and then describes his characteristics and the way to reach this position according to the Qur'an and practical mysticism from two prominent and well-known Indian poets, Saib Tabrizi and Bidel Dehlavi viewpoint which comes as a result of the divan by two poets. A perfect human is the wise and thought one, adheres to religions and is created according to Divine morality and has reached the peak of perfection in "good sayings, good morals and good deeds". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The origins of the images in the poetry of Bidel-e- Dehlavi
Mansore Basirpoor Iraj MehrakiPoetic images had different manifestations in different literary periods. Poetic images in the poems are products of two basic factors: 1. Society and political, social and cultural conditions governed on it; 2. Poet's thoughts and mentality that play crucial role in cr MorePoetic images had different manifestations in different literary periods. Poetic images in the poems are products of two basic factors: 1. Society and political, social and cultural conditions governed on it; 2. Poet's thoughts and mentality that play crucial role in creating poetic images. Bidel's poetic images are the result of his imagination; he combines his sensory and mental experiences in such a way that the reader is not able to grasp a single and explicit meaning from them. The only device to understand his poems is the reader's knowledge. The present article, based on library resources, deals with the origins and nature of Bidel's poetic images. The results show that the origins of his images are intrinsically different from the images of Persian classical poets, because the origins of the classical poetry are tangible and understandable elements; whereas the origins of Bidel's poetic images are the result of his philosophical-mystical thoughts, uttered in a special language. This language is called 'the language of dream' that causes complexity and ambiguity, and consequently incertainty in the meaning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Bidel in the Deep Ocean of the Mystical Sonnet: A Critical Perspective
Mehdi Mahouzi Seyyed Ibrahim ArmanBidel Dehlavi as the greatest mystical poet in the Indian Subcontinent has unleashed the Indian School of Persian poetry from its formal form and style. To him the sonnet was the continuation of the thoughts and ideas of Mowlavi’s in his ‘Shamsiyaat’. MoreBidel Dehlavi as the greatest mystical poet in the Indian Subcontinent has unleashed the Indian School of Persian poetry from its formal form and style. To him the sonnet was the continuation of the thoughts and ideas of Mowlavi’s in his ‘Shamsiyaat’. The present article is an attempt to come to an understanding of Bidel through the lens of his mystical sonnets where he upholds the idea that, in the process of the mystical return a human being takes , all the forms of multiplicity direct themselves towards a direction of unity. All those forms in their downward waft from the creator to the created are representational which confer and illustrate the characteristics of the Creator. The mystical sonnets of Bidel dramatize a mystical epic which renders the love of a human being for his eternal beloved. These sonnets frequently carry surreal layers of meaning in themselves thus making the poetic vocabulary he uses in his depiction of such a mystical expressions quite perplexing to the readers as well as the researchers. All these said, his poetry bears such an enthusiasm and attraction in itself that his use of such meter and feet, rhythm and rhyme has all made it more inviting and effective to the readers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The allegorical approach of " Nightingale", "the eastern wind", and "rose" in the poems of Khaghani, Hafez and Bidel Dehlavi
Hasan Nagafi Lisehrodi Mohammad Reza Shad Manamen Alimohammad Moazeni Sourallah NouruziThe terms "nightingale", "the eastern wind", and "rose" are three gones of an emotional,romantic relationship that has been used by poets through different eras. The common elements of the three is the fact that they exist in the nature. These three term used in the poe MoreThe terms "nightingale", "the eastern wind", and "rose" are three gones of an emotional,romantic relationship that has been used by poets through different eras. The common elements of the three is the fact that they exist in the nature. These three term used in the poems of poets have symbolic significance and metaphorical approach. The nightingale as the symbole of lover or poaetic "I" , wind, breathe, Saba or eastern wind as the mesenger in commute between lover ( the nightingale) and beloved (rose) as the symbol of beauty or projection of beloved. In Persian literature ,specially in versed works, and in the works of three mentioned poet in present study( Khaghani, Hafiz, Bidel Dehlavi) there are plenty of natural elements such as wind, funa, and flora which are accompanied by beautiful ironies, metaphors, similies, and combinations. Allegorical approach of these elements is more prominent in hafiz poems in comparison with the two other Aforementioned sonneteers. Considering the various functions, this study aimed to investigate the allegorical approach of these symbols and compare their functions in the poems of the three poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Ibn Arabi's Unity Regime Effects on the Bubbling and Sonnets by Bidel Dehlavi with an Emphasis on Love
Abbas Bakhshande bali Aliakbar ShoubkalaeiOne of the issues raised up constantly through Mohiyeddin Ibn Arabi is the idea of unity of existence. Like other ideas, this thought has had a dramatic effect on some Indian thinkers, such as Bidel Dehlavi. One of the issues of the unity of existence is love in the Bei MoreOne of the issues raised up constantly through Mohiyeddin Ibn Arabi is the idea of unity of existence. Like other ideas, this thought has had a dramatic effect on some Indian thinkers, such as Bidel Dehlavi. One of the issues of the unity of existence is love in the Being that Ibn Arabi and, consequently, Bidl had in their works at its angles. This article is based on a descriptive-analytical method and citing library resources to explore the impact of Ibn Arabi on Biddle on the issue of love in the universe. The findings of the research are that Biddle has been dealing with the Islamic mystic system of Ibn Arabi by introducing discussions such as the series of love in the system of unity of existence, grief and love, virtual love, and martyr Love in the course of the Unity School of Being. The presence of love in the mysticism is exhilarating and exhilarating. From the perspective of Ibn Arabi and Bidel, love exists in all the mystical interpretation of existence based on mystery. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Bidel Dehlavi’s View on Hypocrisy and Hypocritical Characters
Akramssadat Borghaei Sabet Abdoreza Modarreszadeh Asghar DadbehBidel Dehlavi is influenced by the mystical teachings of Sheikh Nizamuddin Aoliya and for this reason he pays attention to religion and mysticism in his poetry, and his poems are full of moral and human concepts and values. In addition as a free poet and critic, he has MoreBidel Dehlavi is influenced by the mystical teachings of Sheikh Nizamuddin Aoliya and for this reason he pays attention to religion and mysticism in his poetry, and his poems are full of moral and human concepts and values. In addition as a free poet and critic, he has criticized the behavior of believers and by criticizing that behavior which has been called hypocrisy. He tried to discover the religious truth and life through a free thought and those who have used religion as means of hypocrisy. They have used hypocrisy and have kept people busy and the market for there is hot and in the eyes of the people it is popular and sometimes not acceptable to expose their demagogues and more importantly in terms of the foundation of thought and understanding of existence his words a religious world and he looked at the world through the lens of religion and religions understanding and gave meaning to life and his words can open a spiritual path for man who is a prisoner of material and machine civilization in this age the way to get a head is love mysticism and moral virtues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - برجستهسازیهای ادبی در شعر بیدل دهلوی
hamid samsam -
Open Access Article
8 - Checking the norms in the Beyidel Dehlavi’s Quatrains
Abdolreza Modarreszadeh Zainab Khoshvatan Mohammad SalamatianDisfamiliarization, exaggeration, normalization, deviation from the natural form of language and the rules governing the most influential methods of creating a new style in poetry and it is one of the important components for the arrangement of speech and literary richn MoreDisfamiliarization, exaggeration, normalization, deviation from the natural form of language and the rules governing the most influential methods of creating a new style in poetry and it is one of the important components for the arrangement of speech and literary richness because it transforms the language of the criterion and highlighting the language forms. If meta-normality is more novice, it will be more acceptable and the style of the poet will be more personal. Because one of the Indian style features is fresh and imaginative themes. Bidel Dehlavi is one of the poets of this genre with the highest degree of artistic tenderness and creativity in personal style. Bidel’s quatrains are full of imaginative and ingenious literary initiatives. The tendency to use fresh ingredients, novel themes and artistry imagery makes Bidel stretch from the natural language and it create stunning images with its amazing structure. In this article, the normality of the Bidel’s quatrains have been studied in eight lexical, syntactic, phonetic, semantic, dialectal, archaic, and written phrases،we encounter the various types of normality in Bidel, but the most prominent Bildel style attribute is related to syntactic normality is a semantic, lexical, and stylistic form by constructing specific numerical affiliations, new combinations, modern imagery, and algebraic terms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - A Survey of Hazarāt-i Vujūd (the Excellencies of Existence) from the View of Dihlavī and Shankara
zeinab panah Hazarāt-i Vujūd (the excellencies of existence) in the Islamic mysticism of Bīdil Dihlavī- a mystic, poet, and representative of the Indian style- is in a linear and descending system based on the theory of unity of being explained within the framework of the stat More Hazarāt-i Vujūd (the excellencies of existence) in the Islamic mysticism of Bīdil Dihlavī- a mystic, poet, and representative of the Indian style- is in a linear and descending system based on the theory of unity of being explained within the framework of the status of essence, oneness, and uniqueness. Although Bīdil is bought up in India, he is one of the intellectual followers of Muhy id-Dīn ibn Arabī. Shankara is also one of the most notable interpreters of Vedanta’s school or India’s divine philosophy. According to Indian thinking, the four states of Ātman include Jagrat (waking), Swapna (dreaming), Sushupti (deep sleep), and Turiya (unconditional Ātman). These four stages of existence are comparable to Hazarāt-i Vujūd in Islamic mysticism. Using a descriptive-analytic method and library means, the present article makes a comparison between the perspectives of Bīdil and Shankara about the quadruplet worlds of existence. According to the results, the realm of mysticism dealing with the most inner aspects of a human paves the way for a common perception between religious and instinctive instructions of different ethnic groups; and in addition to the similarities between the theories, we can also discern their differences. The most distinction between Hazarāt-i Vujūd in Bīdil’s Islamic mysticism and Shankara’s Indian style is that although both have a linear and descending course, the foundation of Bīdil’s mysticism is based on divinity and genuine oneness of God whereas in Shanka’s Indian mysticism, the emphasis is on Ātman or the real self. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - تحیر و تداعی های آن در غزلیات بیدل دهلوی
منصوره بصیرپور ایرج مهرکی -
Open Access Article
11 - بازی نشانهها در غزلیات بیدل دهلوی
فریده داوودی مقدم احمد فروزانفر -
Open Access Article
12 - .
محمدحسین نیکدار اصل محمود حمیدی بلدان -
Open Access Article
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Ahmad Ghanipoor malekshah Nima Ramazani -
Open Access Article
14 - Reflection of Didactic Trainings of Sheikh Abdul Qāder Gilani in Nokāt by Bidel Dehlavi
mohammad foladi zeinab panahSheykh Abdol Qāder Gilani is one of the mystics of the 5th century who was eminent in Feqh, Hadith, exegesis and literature. His writing style in didactic literature has ‎influenced some of the prominents like Mohy ed Din ibn Arabi. He chose to preach in Baghdad and MoreSheykh Abdol Qāder Gilani is one of the mystics of the 5th century who was eminent in Feqh, Hadith, exegesis and literature. His writing style in didactic literature has ‎influenced some of the prominents like Mohy ed Din ibn Arabi. He chose to preach in Baghdad and he was licorice. In his training Assemblies, more than 400 thousand people used to gather and Sohrewardi, ‎Moqaddasi, and ibn Jozi were among his pupils in mysticism. Fotouh al ghayb is a didactic work written by Abdol Qāder Gilani in which the author explains the epistemological concepts, training and ethical points for the audience. His ‎training method includes coordination between Tariqat and Shari’at, as well as adherence ‎to Qur’an and tradition in order to achieve Haqiqat (ultimate truth). Using a descriptive ‎method and an analytic approach, the present study aims at surveying the ‎principles of mystical trainings declared by Sheikh to a mystic to reach the ultimate ‎truth. Besides, the impact of Sheikh’s teachings' on Nokāt by Bidel, one of the Murids (disciple) of Abdol ‎Qāder in India would be analyzed. Regarding the significance of this study it could be ‎mentioned that Gilani, the founder of the sufi dynasty of Qāderiyeh, has many Murids in ‎India who practice his didactic traditions to purify soul. However, Gilani’s ‎works and teachings are not truly known yet. The present study attempts to depict a more vivid ‎presentation of his didactic and training principles for the researchers. The results of the ‎research show that Bidel and Abdol Qāder have got a lot in common in ethical and didactic issues; however, some differences in their view points is to be demonstrate in this article. ‎ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Ethical Principles in Bidel Dehlavi’s Ghazals
zahra Mohammadian abasali Vafa'iThe Persian literature brims with utopian and humane topics which have given it a special place in the world literature. It enjoys different forms of poetry, including epic, lyric, elegy, eulogy and so on. Moreover, it mainly addresses utopian and humane issues, in part MoreThe Persian literature brims with utopian and humane topics which have given it a special place in the world literature. It enjoys different forms of poetry, including epic, lyric, elegy, eulogy and so on. Moreover, it mainly addresses utopian and humane issues, in particular the moral decency. Rooted in historical-ideological beliefs, ethics and its principles have attracted the attention of many poets and authors to different degrees. The poetic form also influences the manner in which the ethical and epistemological issues are addressed. This article seeks to study ethics and its principles in the ghazals composed by Bidel Dehlavi. Unfortunately, they have not been properly addressed in his poems, in particular his ghazals which are known for verbal and semantic complexity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - اخلاق: ویژگی پنجم سبک شناسی تکوینی بیدل دهلوی
محمدخلیل طالبان پور اصغر دادبه -
Open Access Article
17 - Characteristics of Mystical Experience in the Gazals of Bidel Dehlavi; A Review Based on Maslow's Theory of Self-Actualization
Rezā Jalili Nasrin Faqih MalekmarzabānBy using psychological criticism in analyzing literary texts, critics try to explore the underlying layers of the personality of the author and his/her text. Humanistic psychology, as one of the schools of psychology, emphasizes on the positive side of humanity. Abraham MoreBy using psychological criticism in analyzing literary texts, critics try to explore the underlying layers of the personality of the author and his/her text. Humanistic psychology, as one of the schools of psychology, emphasizes on the positive side of humanity. Abraham Maslow, as the main figure of the school, describes the healthy and growing people by presenting the theory of self-actualization. The peak experience is one of the main criteria of the theory, whose foundations are very similar to the views of the mystic Muslim poets, including Bidel Dehlavi, on annihilation, union and unity. Divan Bidel is full of descriptions of the romantic experiences that the sālek (the holy traveler) and the seeker of perfection encounters. By using descriptive-analytical method and based on Maslow's findings, the present article attempts to explore the representations of the peak experience in the gazals of Bidel. The results show that there are some similarities between the experiences of Maslow and Bidel like openness of horizon, timeless and unlimited feeling of ecstasy and astonishment, feeling of unconsciousness, tendency to poetry, religion and mysticism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Bidel Dehlavi and Iranian Myths
محمد حکیم آذر The 11th century A. H. is regarded as the age of decline in Iranian myths. In this century, Safavids established a new state in Iran based on shi’ism and Iranian identity. Yet, the mythological elements of Iranian identity were missing in their scheme; and More The 11th century A. H. is regarded as the age of decline in Iranian myths. In this century, Safavids established a new state in Iran based on shi’ism and Iranian identity. Yet, the mythological elements of Iranian identity were missing in their scheme; and the national myths played no role in that identity formation. Employing this view, the present article tries to examine the poems of Bidel Dehlavi, the prominent poet of Indian school of poetry in Persian language, from mythological point of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - نوآوریهای هنری در عاشقانههای بیدل دهلوی
عبدالرضا مدرس زاده -
Open Access Article
20 - The Idea of “Unity of Being” in the Rubā'iyāt of Bidel Dehlavi
masuode rohani siyavash haghjo ali akbar shobaklaiiIbn 'Arabi's idea of “unity of being” grew slowly in Islamic lands, especially in Iran and then in India. One of the important ways of promoting the idea was the literary-mystic texts. The idea of “unity of being” has been manifested in the rubā' MoreIbn 'Arabi's idea of “unity of being” grew slowly in Islamic lands, especially in Iran and then in India. One of the important ways of promoting the idea was the literary-mystic texts. The idea of “unity of being” has been manifested in the rubā'iyāt (quatrains) of Bidel Dehlavi. In his rubā'iyāt, the issues of tashbih and tanzih (transcendence and immanence), inward and outward, unity and diversity, and the like are discussed. He believes firmly to the idea of “unity of being” and explains, in a stable manner, the related topics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Review of the story of " Destitute Spouses " written by Bidel Dehlavi from the view point of Citizenship Rights
Sepideh Jalilzadeh Rezaei Kamran Pashaei Fakhri Parvaneh AdelzadehAbstract Persian Literature is a boundless ocean in various sciences and technologies and a collection of intellectual and cultural resources for our nation. Poets have always tried to reflect on its various social, cultural, MoreAbstract Persian Literature is a boundless ocean in various sciences and technologies and a collection of intellectual and cultural resources for our nation. Poets have always tried to reflect on its various social, cultural, economic and legal issues. For this reason, their knowledge in literature is inevitable for the recognition of the nations and cultures. Bidel Dehlavi, one of the great literary figures in the Indian Style, by creating unique masterpieces, shines in Persian Literature and mysticism. In this article we'll look at the story of Bidel from different aspects of law such as ; criminal justice, evidence expressed in implementing the court sentences and the need to reexamine them. The authors of this paper will follow two important goals for their research; instances of crime in the story and its conformity with the Islamic law. One important issue is looking at the world of literature and comparative studies of jurisprudence. Second, looking at the society in which the violation of the rights of lower class citizens takes place without attention to the fundamental principles of Islamic society, causing anarchy, widespread injustice and provide subsequent revelation of divine retribution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Bidel in realm of mystical lyrics
Mehdi MahooziMirza Abdul-Qader Bidel Dehlavi is a prominent poet of mystical poetry in the subcontinent of India. He has transformed the Indian school of poetry from mere superficiality to the utmost wisdom. Bidel's poetry in realm of mystical lyrics is the continuation of Mawlana J MoreMirza Abdul-Qader Bidel Dehlavi is a prominent poet of mystical poetry in the subcontinent of India. He has transformed the Indian school of poetry from mere superficiality to the utmost wisdom. Bidel's poetry in realm of mystical lyrics is the continuation of Mawlana Jalalud-din Mohammad Balkhi's line of thought in his Diwan Shams. The purpose of this article is to introduce Bidel in the realm of mystical lyrics. According to Bidel all multiplicities in man's journey towards God leads to unity. In his descent however all multiplicities are regarded as the attributes of Deity which have descended from the zenith of the universal and Absolute to the nadir of the particular and relative. Bidel's mystical lyrics is a spiritual epic which expresses love and yearnings for the Divine beloved. These often merge with a sort of surrealist thinking, thus mystical terms in his Indian style of poetry mostly are complex and implicit, and it is difficult of find an equivalent for them. Nevertheless, his mastery in using prosodic forms and verbal rhymes gives such dynamism and fervor to his lyrics that only reveals the hidden charm and passion within the Ghazals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Khaghani and making of peculiar figurative language in Hindi style
Vali AlimaneshHindi style whether in terms of form or content has a more fascinating characteristics compared with other Persian poetry styles. Regarding form, there are certain linguistic factors which renders the language quite complicated for instance the very existence of p MoreHindi style whether in terms of form or content has a more fascinating characteristics compared with other Persian poetry styles. Regarding form, there are certain linguistic factors which renders the language quite complicated for instance the very existence of peculiar figurative devices creates ambiguity in the poetic language of Hindi style. These structures are words which lie next to each other and cause defamiliarization and complexity of language. Scholars and researches recognize the existence of these peculiar structures as the integral and unique features of the Hindi style and believe that making of such structures is the outcome of the vivid imagination and creativity on the part of poets of Hindi style. In this article specific figurative structures employed by Khaghani and Bidel Dehlavi, the two giants of Hindi style have been investigated in terms of language and the substructure of such compounds with their vast structural dimensions have been analyzed. Manuscript profile
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