contemporary poetry

Open Access Article

1 - A Study on the Effects of Comparative Literature in "In the Waves of Sindh" and "The Assassination of Sultan Tajuddin"
Fereshteh Naseri

10.30495/clq.2021.685286

Poems that narrate the events and historical happenings of a nation have a prominent place in literary texts since they have the proudness consequences in the culture of that nation. Meanwhile, Hamidi Shirazi's poem "In the Waves of Sindh", which has Iranian educational More

Poems that narrate the events and historical happenings of a nation have a prominent place in literary texts since they have the proudness consequences in the culture of that nation. Meanwhile, Hamidi Shirazi's poem "In the Waves of Sindh", which has Iranian educational, historical and epic components against Mongol’s assault, and on the other hand, a similar poem in Arabic literature entitled "The Assassination of Sultan Tajuddin" by Mohammad Al Quri – Sudanese poet – narrator of Masalit Tribes in Sudan with the French colonization in 1910, known as the Battle of Dorothy are of this category. In this research, two mentioned poems have been studied and adapted based on the American school of comparative literature to find out what arrangements these two poets have enjoyed in expressing the social relations of their poems and to what extent their words have been able and successful in creating a suitable poetic atmosphere, characterization of the heroes and applying various signs and symbols. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Comparative Study of Social – Political Satire in Nasim – e Shomal and Ahmed Mattar Poetries
Kazem Azimi Fatemeh Sepahvand

Social – political satire is one of the contemporary poetic structures which has been paid attention by scholars and authors during two recent decades. In Persian language Nasim – e Shomal could affect people's soul by applying simple poetic language. Ahmad More

Social – political satire is one of the contemporary poetic structures which has been paid attention by scholars and authors during two recent decades. In Persian language Nasim – e Shomal could affect people's soul by applying simple poetic language. Ahmad Mattar - contemporary Iraqi poet - is well known by his satire in Arabic language. He also - as Nasim - e Shomal - tried to awaken his nation and even the world. The present paper tries to show two poets' concerns about their countries and nations comparatively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - A Study on Norm Deviation in Muin Bseiso and Mohammad Reza Shafiei Kadkani’s Poetries
Mohammad Taqi Zand Vakili Marziyeh Ghasemian

Norm Deviation is one of the new literary theories in which the poet disorders the common structure of the language by applying special patterns and recreates unfamiliar language. Arabic and Persian contemporary poets have come to modernism in their poetic language and More

Norm Deviation is one of the new literary theories in which the poet disorders the common structure of the language by applying special patterns and recreates unfamiliar language. Arabic and Persian contemporary poets have come to modernism in their poetic language and concepts simultaneously with the modernism proceed Bseiso and Kadkani are the poets who have widen their poetic aesthetics and effectiveness by deviation from standard language. The aim of the present research is to study the elements of norm deviation in both poets’ poetries to show the abovementioned poets’ reason and goal in applying this method in their works to present their concept and meaning. The outcome has showed that two poets empower themselves by deviation from common syntax and semantic styles. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Comparative Study on Nostalgia Approach in Akhavan and Nazik al-Malaika's poetries
Monir Zibaei

"Nostalgia" is known as one of the alive subjects in psychology as well as in the field of literature and as Arabic and Persian contemporary poets' topics. Sigh, yearning and thinking about old good days could be seen frequently in Nazik al-Malaika and Mehdi Akhavan Sal More

"Nostalgia" is known as one of the alive subjects in psychology as well as in the field of literature and as Arabic and Persian contemporary poets' topics. Sigh, yearning and thinking about old good days could be seen frequently in Nazik al-Malaika and Mehdi Akhavan Saless's poetries. Positions, life and society situations, thoughts and emotions and being familiar with many other poets caused strong nostalgia sense excitation. This article intends to study nostalgia manifestation in abovementioned poets' works in analytical – descriptive method. The results show that yearning on childhood, historical and mythical past, homesickness, death and being far away from utopia are of the most frequency in their poetries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - A Study on Application of Color in Yadollah Royaee Based on Max Lüscher
Hoda Pezhhan

Psychological attitude to the color and a study on its effect on human's spirit and spirit is one of the modern psychology branches which is paid a lot of attention by psychology and physiology. Color psychology of Max Lüscher is a new method in which the huma More

Psychological attitude to the color and a study on its effect on human's spirit and spirit is one of the modern psychology branches which is paid a lot of attention by psychology and physiology. Color psychology of Max Lüscher is a new method in which the human psycho would be analyzed based on the color selection test. Yadollah Royaee is one of the contemporary poets who enjoys the colors in creating poetic images and dreams. The present paper attempts to represent an image of Max Lüscher's thoughts and attitudes scientifically and applicable by enjoying his color psychology theory. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Examination of Apocalyptic Images in Khalil's Poem in the Apocalyptic Images of the Bible
Fatemeh Yousefi Seyed Hossein Seyedi Ahmad Reza Heydarian Shahri Kolsum Sadighi

Apocalyptic literature can be considered as a kind of idealistic literature in which the poet-writer is dissatisfied with the current state of his society and the flow of affairs and seeks to create an ideal world, a world other than the present world, using his creativ More

Apocalyptic literature can be considered as a kind of idealistic literature in which the poet-writer is dissatisfied with the current state of his society and the flow of affairs and seeks to create an ideal world, a world other than the present world, using his creative imagination. In this type of literature, anxiety and political, social and religious anomalies and the inability to overcome it focuses the poet-writer view to the future, thus the present time is the source and origin of his historical consciousness and evaluate the present time from the perspective of the future. In the present article, it is tried, while examining the apocalyptic images and their components in Khalil Havi's poetry by analytical-comparative method, to match those images with the apocalyptic images of the Bible, and also to examine the effect of Khalil Havi from the Bible. From the results of this research, we can point to these two points: First, Khalil Havi in his apocalyptic images of his poetry is completely influenced by the Bible. Secondly, Khalil Havi makes his promised paradise in this world. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The Function of Colors in Nouri Al Jarrah’s Poetry Case study: White, Green and Black Colors
Masoud Bavan Poori Katayoun Fallahi Kobra Alvar

10.30495/cls.2021.684663

Nouri Al-Jarrah is one of the contemporary Syrian poets who color has different functions in his poetries. The mentioned colors in his divan are to describe a thing or a phenomenon; or having metaphorical, ironic and sometimes allegorical meanings. The present article a More

Nouri Al-Jarrah is one of the contemporary Syrian poets who color has different functions in his poetries. The mentioned colors in his divan are to describe a thing or a phenomenon; or having metaphorical, ironic and sometimes allegorical meanings. The present article attempts to express and analyze the functions of green, white and black colors in his poetries with descriptive – analytical method. The results of the research indicate that the colors in Al-Jarrah’s poetry provide the basis for creating conflict, contradiction, ambiguity as well as sadness and grief; In other words, the poet plays with the audience’s traditional expectations against colors. From the statistical point of view and the frequency of the presence of colors in the poet’s poetry, neutral colors such as white and black have a wide presence in Al Jarrah’s poetry and in many situations the presence of these two colors is felt along with other colors. The mentioned colors in addition to their symbolic function have negated or neutralized the meaning of other colors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Manifestations of Commitment in the Poetry of the Arab Spring Revolutions in Egypt (Analytical review of selected samples)
askar babazadeh aghdam jamal talebii ghare gheshlaghi asma aljiaboushaieb

10.30495/cls.2022.692158

AbstractCommitment in literature means that the poet or writer uses his intellectual and literary talent and ability in the service of his community, expresses the pains and sufferings, hopes and aspirations of his people in an honest language and away from affiliation More

AbstractCommitment in literature means that the poet or writer uses his intellectual and literary talent and ability in the service of his community, expresses the pains and sufferings, hopes and aspirations of his people in an honest language and away from affiliation and prejudice against the party or political tendency. Special portrayed. This thinking is the essence of committed literature. Accordingly, the poetry of the 2011 Arab Spring revolutions in Egypt is considered a committed poem, and after the decline of this type of poetry in the past decades, it has criticized the most important political and social issues during the rule of Hosni Mubarak. The present article seeks to study and analyze the manifestations of commitment in the poetry of the Arab Spring revolutions in Egypt shortly before and after 2011 in the poems of famous poets such as Abd- al Moati Hejazi, Farouk Gouida and Abd al Rahman al-ashmavi and some other anonymous poets. One of the most important findings of the study is that political tyranny as well as social problems such as poverty and unemployment have been the main reasons for the revolution of the Egyptian people. Therefore, committed poets opposed tyranny by focusing on tyranny and lack of civil liberties, and challenged it because of corruption in the administrative and governmental system. They also addressed social problems such as poverty and unemployment because of their attachment to society, and did not forget the leading role of poetry in awakening and calling for revolution. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Savior Effects in the utopia of contemporary Persian poets(Study in the opinions of three political currents)
mohamareza ziaae esmaiil eslami

Abstract The contemporary history of Iran witnessed many political and social events, especially in the twentieth century, and its echoes were reflected in contemporary literature, especially poetry, Contemporary poets tried to depict their virtuous city (Utopia) accor More

Abstract The contemporary history of Iran witnessed many political and social events, especially in the twentieth century, and its echoes were reflected in contemporary literature, especially poetry, Contemporary poets tried to depict their virtuous city (Utopia) according to their political views and religious positions. Contemporary Iranian poets, in their virtuous city, placed part of their hopes and aspirations on the shoulders of the promised deliverer. Although there are similarities in the nature of the proselyte, we see differences in its attributes and characteristics. This study, depending on the descriptive and analytical methods, seeks to shed light on the views of a number of contemporary Iranian poets about the Savior in their utopian city by providing some examples and studying them, and comparing them with the three opinions of religious scholars to reveal the common and different denominators between them. One of the most important findings of the study is that there is rich material in contemporary Persian poetry about the promised deliverer, and that contemporary Iranian poets almost agree on the idea of waiting and the appearance of the deliverer, but they differ in the credibility of the deliverer. Some of them believed in Imam Mahdi, and some of them went in another direction, and looked for people with different characteristics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Call for Prophets Character and its Semantic Evolution in Palestine's Resistance Poetry
Mohammad Hassan Amraei

Call for ancient characters phenomena is one of the most important phenomenon which has had notable influence profundity and extension rather than its appearance. The religious and sacred parts are the richest in the field of traditional resources in which Mahmoud Darvi More

Call for ancient characters phenomena is one of the most important phenomenon which has had notable influence profundity and extension rather than its appearance. The religious and sacred parts are the richest in the field of traditional resources in which Mahmoud Darvish could achieve all in the past and reach the present and future status. He expresses his constructive emotions in order to create ideal and dreamy future. The present paper studies the selective and called prophets and expresses symbolic and semantic reasons of these religious characters which have been introduced by Mahmoud Darvish. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Life & Death Dual in Al Jabouri's Poetries
Hossein Elyasi

Muad Al Jabouri is one of the sixtieth century's poets who has experienced that era's events beside his hometown people and tried to make his people hopeful and happy in the rough days of Saddam government era.  The present research – which is analytical &nda More

Muad Al Jabouri is one of the sixtieth century's poets who has experienced that era's events beside his hometown people and tried to make his people hopeful and happy in the rough days of Saddam government era.  The present research – which is analytical – descriptive – attempts to study the dominant thought of Muad Al Jabouri: death and life. The outcome of the study is that he enjoyed the natural mysteries about death in the form of Saddam's dictatorship government and occupier America on Arabic lives. The poet runs toward the living life by the flames of hope and optimism. Being in his poetry means death and martyr and martyr for hometown means heroic death from his view point.  Manuscript profile

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12 - Hafez and Sayyid Qutb
Jahangir Amiri Mohammad Fareqi Shad

In addition to the religious works, poets Divan in which most are sonnets, has been remained by Seyyid Qutb – contemporary scholar and Quran researcher. He was familiar with Hafez poetries and according to the Arabic translation of his poetry, he fell in love with More

In addition to the religious works, poets Divan in which most are sonnets, has been remained by Seyyid Qutb – contemporary scholar and Quran researcher. He was familiar with Hafez poetries and according to the Arabic translation of his poetry, he fell in love with Hafez’s and started praising him. This made him tend toward mystical poetries and being affected by Hafez, his poetry and his poetry. He knows Hafez’s as spiritual factor for Arabic poetry which rescues the poems of today’s philosophical and logical storm. Love in Sayyid Qutb’s poems exists so deep which mortal loves are not counted. The present paper studies common poetic concepts of Hafez and Sayyid Qutb’s poetries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Reform in Al – Rassafi’s Poetry
علی نظری یونس ولیئی سیدمرتضی طباطبایی

The social – political conditions were unorganized in the late 19th and early 20th and the people of the country suffered from the poverty, unawareness and the kings’ degenerate. “Marouf Al - Rassafi” – the famous Arab poet – (1876-19 More

The social – political conditions were unorganized in the late 19th and early 20th and the people of the country suffered from the poverty, unawareness and the kings’ degenerate. “Marouf Al - Rassafi” – the famous Arab poet – (1876-1945) was well – known in cultural and literary fields. His poetry is about social problems such as people’s poverty, ignorance and unawareness, superstition under the religion cover, lack of democracy especially for women. He was committed to political issues and biased about the Ottoman’s corruption and Britain’s occupation and tried to aware people against the Britain’s goals. He invited people to peace and calmness, brotherhood and cooperation and humanity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Manifestation of Hallaj's Mask in Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati's Poetry
Foad Abdollah Zadeh Ali Asghar Habibi Ali Akbar Ahmadi Chenari Mojtaba Behrouzi

Poetic symbolization based on past symbols in order to create a romantic situation is one of the important poetic evolutions. Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati is one of the modernism strongest poets in this field who could express his poetic approaches in the most effective way More

Poetic symbolization based on past symbols in order to create a romantic situation is one of the important poetic evolutions. Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati is one of the modernism strongest poets in this field who could express his poetic approaches in the most effective way by applying different symbols of dream. This article – which is done in descriptive – analytic method – studies symbolization and its importance in al-Bayati's poetry in general as well as analyzing Hallaj symbol. He has applies this symbol in many different poetries such as "Hallaj's Torture". The common points in two characters caused forming mask technique in the best way. Manuscript profile

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15 - Mystical Motifs of Quds in Mahmoud Darvish poetry–Implicit and Statistical study
Kobra Roshanfekr Hamed Poor Heshmati

Cities are known as the geographical territory exclusive to a scholar where indicates the strong relationship between him and the city in which his honor belongs. Cities in fact turned to be the scenes and stages in which imaginaries, concepts and remarkable mysteries a More

Cities are known as the geographical territory exclusive to a scholar where indicates the strong relationship between him and the city in which his honor belongs. Cities in fact turned to be the scenes and stages in which imaginaries, concepts and remarkable mysteries appear in Palestine poetries. But their motivic application has been manifested in Mahmoud Darvish poetry by his insist. An example is Quds which its motifs contain causes and motivational mysteries such as sainthood, Arabic civilization and ancient history of Quds. Thus the present research intends to study Quds's motifs in Mahmoud Darvish poetry briefly and in analytical – descriptive method. Manuscript profile

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16 - Poetry Image application in Omar Abu Risha Poetries
Abbas Yadollahi

The present paper surveys the most important poetries' depiction manifestations in Syrian poet works - Omar Abu Risha – and the analysis of its effect on Arabic ode structure. These images are of most important tools which a poet apply them to express his thoughts More

The present paper surveys the most important poetries' depiction manifestations in Syrian poet works - Omar Abu Risha – and the analysis of its effect on Arabic ode structure. These images are of most important tools which a poet apply them to express his thoughts and opinions such as Muslim nations' expectations especially Syrian people. The most important and common images are: repetition, opposition, dictation and exclamation. These poetry images were usually different from their main meanings and imply a second meaning. The conclusion of the present research is that such depictions added value to the poets' works in a way that his works are more distinguished than others'. Manuscript profile

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17 - Resistance Echo in "Bahrain's Wounds" by Ibn Al Bahrain
Farouq Nemati

Islamic awareness in the region demonstrates consciousness and emotions to nations' freedom and their readiness to combat injustice and impression undoubtedly. The present paper attempts to extract the resistance themes in   "Bahrain's Wounds" by Bahraini poet More

Islamic awareness in the region demonstrates consciousness and emotions to nations' freedom and their readiness to combat injustice and impression undoubtedly. The present paper attempts to extract the resistance themes in   "Bahrain's Wounds" by Bahraini poet Ibn Al Bahrain by analytical – descriptive method.  The outcomes express that suffocation and dictatorship in Bahrain are the most important factors to form the resistance concepts in his poetry. He also applied various methods such as mocking House of Khalifa, enjoying the rhetorical and oratorical patterns to stay in patience condition. The abovementioned poet also remarks and points out Islamic Republic of Iran's revolution and knows it as a blessed event which ended injustice and chaos in the world. Manuscript profile

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18 - Thinking about Death and its manifestation in Samih Ghasem works
Hamed Sedghi Rasool Zare'

Death is one of the main issues in Samih Ghasem works; because he paid special attention to it in his works. The present paper studies his ideologies about death as well as his motivations on expressing this issue. His aesthetic view strengthens resistance spirit in his More

Death is one of the main issues in Samih Ghasem works; because he paid special attention to it in his works. The present paper studies his ideologies about death as well as his motivations on expressing this issue. His aesthetic view strengthens resistance spirit in his hometown fellows and causes changing in their view point on death. This article has been done in descriptive – analytic method and focused on his poetry. At last we have found out that death has two aspects from his point of view: intuitive and calculated. Then studied this phenomenon from political, national and ethnic aspects and decoded the aesthetic view about death and expressing its realities. Manuscript profile

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19 - The romance in poetry of sayyid Qutb
Reyhane Molazadeh

"Sayyid Qutb" is known as one of the most obliged poets of contemporary Egypt. He played a pioneering role in Critics literature. His poetry is belongs to romance poetic school. His structural style with the clarity in meaning transparent phrases and smoothness.

"Sayyid Qutb" is known as one of the most obliged poets of contemporary Egypt. He played a pioneering role in Critics literature. His poetry is belongs to romance poetic school. His structural style with the clarity in meaning transparent phrases and smoothness. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Opposition Eloquence in Ahmad Matar's Political Poetries
Ali bagher Taherinia Hossein Elyasi

There is a strong relationship between Ahmad Hasan Matar – Iraqi poet - and religious, social and political issues. His poetry expresses the dominant atmosphere on nations. He has enjoyed various Arabic eloquence techniques including rhetoric science in order to b More

There is a strong relationship between Ahmad Hasan Matar – Iraqi poet - and religious, social and political issues. His poetry expresses the dominant atmosphere on nations. He has enjoyed various Arabic eloquence techniques including rhetoric science in order to beautify the text. Opposition technique is the one in which something expresses and then any opposition of the subject would be expressed accordingly. The present article intends to study the opposition eloquence in Ahmad Matar's works in a way that initially describes opposition technique in theory and then tries to survey some of the existing opposition techniques in the abovementioned poet's political poetries. The results show that Ahmad Matar has applied opposition technique to express his political purposes and indicate the society's problems. Manuscript profile

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21 - The image of the heroes of resistance in the ritual of Mozaffar al-Nawab's poems
Mehdi Shahrokh Abolhassan Amin Moghaddasi

Mozaffar al-Nawab, an Iraqi contemporary left-wing Shiite poet, has never praised a king or a rich man in his poems, rather, the heroes summoned in his poems are mainly people and poor people who have been oppressed, or are martyred commanders for whom Mozaffar has not More

Mozaffar al-Nawab, an Iraqi contemporary left-wing Shiite poet, has never praised a king or a rich man in his poems, rather, the heroes summoned in his poems are mainly people and poor people who have been oppressed, or are martyred commanders for whom Mozaffar has not demanded worldly wealth, position or purpose, or even the intercession of the Hereafter. This article seeks to name the most important resilient personalities called in the poems of Mozaffar al-Nawab and to express the position of al-Nawab towards them. The results of this study show that most of these personalities have sacrificed their most important capital, i,e their lives, for the sake of their lofty goals, and have been martyred or killed by their own will. In the view of the Nawab, they are all extraordinary men who have a kind of unparalleled struggle and courage in defending the right and fighting the wrong. Al-Nawab has a trans-factional view to these characters. Manuscript profile

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22 - An Analysis of Antiquity in Poems by Siavash Kasraie and Nosrat Rahmani
Zahra Akbariniya Touraj Aghdaei

An Analysis of Antiquity in Poems by Siavash Kasraie and Nosrat Rahmani Abstract: Poetry evolves through norms, both in content and language and in its structure. Normality can be achived through new creations unfamiliar with the mind and language of literature, or by More

An Analysis of Antiquity in Poems by Siavash Kasraie and Nosrat Rahmani Abstract: Poetry evolves through norms, both in content and language and in its structure. Normality can be achived through new creations unfamiliar with the mind and language of literature, or by the dusting of the ancient face of the norms called archaic in Latin, and nowadays referred to as archeology. The most important aspect of the word resurrection in Siavash Kasraie’s poetry in Nosrat Rahmani’s use of ancient poetry and the structure of ancient poetry. Among the poets in question, the dedication to using ancient Persian language terms, both in terms of vocabulary and content, is more favorable and expression. This research examines the site and application of archeology in the poems of these two poets by using analytical explanations. Keywords: Familiarization, Antiquity, Siavash Kasraie, Nosrat Rahmani. Zahra Akbarinia, Graduate of Persian Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Alborz Province, Iran 2. Corresponding Author, Dr. Tooraj Aghdaie, Associate Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch, Zanjan Province, Iran Manuscript profile

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23 - Investigating Imagology of America in Ahmad Matar's Poetry
khalil parvini seyed hosein hoseini

Nowadays as we live in the era of globalization and communication, governments and statesexert all their efforts in order to achieve political, economic, cultural etc., objectives, to improve their prestige and to represent a positive image of themselves to attract the More

Nowadays as we live in the era of globalization and communication, governments and statesexert all their efforts in order to achieve political, economic, cultural etc., objectives, to improve their prestige and to represent a positive image of themselves to attract the others. This is one of the political tools that the colonial governments, particularly United States, which attempts to extent its universal occupation: in particular, through the cultural invasion in the third world countries. On the contrary, weaker nations react against this action and resist.Now, this political theorem has become a cultural phenomenon and has been represented vividly as one of the cultural elements resulting from interaction between community and its social duty and function. Regarding this, the present study deals with imagology to investigate the America image in the poems of Ahmed Matar, the contemporary Iraqi poet, which suffered from his country’s occupation by America? Also, he had been the observer and witness of all problems and crises caused by it and challenges, murder, and crimes carried out by this country in Iraq and in the Middle East. The results of study demonstrate that Ahmad Matar had a dual view on America's government and represents a troubled and anti-Americanism image of this country by citing several reasons including: colonial dealing and military occupation, humiliating the nations and plundering their wealth, supporting the Zionist, cultural invasion, imposing mercenary rulers on the people, conspiracy, betrayal and deceit, interference in the affairs of the countries and other crimes.However, poet's vision to American nation is dual and fluctuates from the positive to negative. Manuscript profile

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24 - Military Blockade Effect of Beirut on Application and Implication of Space and Place in Divan “Maryam Tati” by Sa'adi Yoosef
Hashem Mohammad Hashem maryam jalaei

One of the most important beauties of Modern poetry, especially in the literature which was created in war and in blockade, is application of space and  location technique and its different implications; because war is concerned with conquering location and its inc More

One of the most important beauties of Modern poetry, especially in the literature which was created in war and in blockade, is application of space and  location technique and its different implications; because war is concerned with conquering location and its incidents will occur in the location and destruction of that location is one of its unlucky effects; Therefore, the present study is performed  to analyze the effect of military blockade of Beirut by Israel on application and implication of location in “Maryam Tati” by the Iraqi poet, Sa'adiYoosef, by  descriptive-analytic method; because the blockade has had a considerable effect on routine daily life of the Lebanese people, its effects have been reflected on the literary  works of Lebanese and non-Lebanese scholars, such as Sa'adi Youssef who was compelled by wardisasters to illustrate the most detailed issues of Lebanese lives. The question which should be answered is: what is the effect of military blockade of Beirut on application and implication of place on ‘Maryam Tati”? The most important results were that open locations (e.g. city, village and district) are to illustrate the material destruction of Beirut during the war and close locations (home and room), which were used more than open ones, implicate spiritual status of people of Beirut and the reason for this application and implication is the engineering and architectural criteria of the closed locations.  Manuscript profile

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25 - Native and Regional Identity of Manuchehr Atashi's Poetry in the Contest of Allegory
marzieh ghaznavi Abbas Ali Vafa'ei Malek Mohammad Frrokhzad

In a period when “Homeland world” is heavily advertised, the protection of native and ethnic identity elements is inevitable and deserves to be borne over by many artists, poets and writers of countries. This research seeks to show that how Manuchehr Atashi, More

In a period when “Homeland world” is heavily advertised, the protection of native and ethnic identity elements is inevitable and deserves to be borne over by many artists, poets and writers of countries. This research seeks to show that how Manuchehr Atashi, the prominent poet of the south in a space full of overwhelming propaganda that has captured thoughts, has been able to sustain his native and regional identity in an unlimited space of poetry. Studies show that Atashi has used Allegory to maintain his native and regional identity elements and has made the native identity legible and effective in his poetry by quoting narratives and mentioning memories from the past to present time. Then by combining the words, idioms, proverbs and native vocabulary of his region with official Persian language has achieved the ability to retain his native identity, region and poetry. Manuscript profile

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26 - : contemporary poetry , verbal sonnet , forough farokhzad , allegory , feminine
M. kamarkhani M. J. Kazazi

Frequent application of verbal language in the works of some poets, has led to a flow of today’s poetry known as verbal poetry. Elegant lyric thoughts which are personal and experimental, leads to the discovery of lovely scenes in the form of verbal language, reac More

Frequent application of verbal language in the works of some poets, has led to a flow of today’s poetry known as verbal poetry. Elegant lyric thoughts which are personal and experimental, leads to the discovery of lovely scenes in the form of verbal language, reacting against the traditional principles of sonnet, including meter and rhyme. Couplets and their verbal replacement has changed the form of verbal sonnet. Forough Farokhzad and Seyed Ali Salehi are formal founders  of verbal sonnet. Farokhzad has expressed her emotions and pains while expanding the limits of language through development of the least lingual intermediate and cultural advancement. This factor has changed her into an iconoclastic poet. The poet presents a sensory and tangible attitude, using verbal language and protest, expressing her emotional feelings. To present such an attitude, she has sacrificed cultural ethical contracts along with feminine norms. In these dimensions, her poetry has a norm. Based on these dimensions, her poetry has a negative reflection in the minds of audiences because she has not used lingual intermediates and symbolic or metonymic tools as a poet for expressing her feminine issues and she has used some contractive metonymies. In this article, we first define verbal poetry and its evolution, and then express elements against feminine contracts and effect of removing the symbolic language or forming transgressive feminine patterns. Moreover, we will investigate some instances of symbolic usage in her poetry. Manuscript profile

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27 - Take Mnzvm Education - Ghana "Hassan Arabhksh" Mirza Tvrsvnzadh, Tajik poet
Marjan Ali Akbarzadeh

Regarding the very importance of Persian Literature scrutiny overseas and the distribution of it, we study the Education and lyrical poetry composed by Hasan Arrabe Kesh from the point of view of a contemporary poet named Tourson Zadeh in this thesis. His poetry burdens More

Regarding the very importance of Persian Literature scrutiny overseas and the distribution of it, we study the Education and lyrical poetry composed by Hasan Arrabe Kesh from the point of view of a contemporary poet named Tourson Zadeh in this thesis. His poetry burdens the exclusivity of the above-mentioned doctrine since he is considered of one of the pioneers of Realism-Socialistic literary genre. In this thesis we scrutinize the instances and features of the narration respectively which include: the contrast between tradition and modernism in which the poet desires to have a discontinuity between social and cultural traditions because of his sectarian reflections and the dictation of that influx on addressed people and shift their mind to socialistic and modern thoughts as well. This poem is didactic and lyrical, as well as advice and counsel poet indirect call to promote socialist modernization, and of course, the love story of Hasan and Sadaf is also discussed. Manuscript profile

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28 - Volumetric travel in time ؛ The Role of Eventual Memory in Poetry Poetry; Based on Memory Segmentation from Bergson's View
sadaf mohseni alireza farnam

Abstract The purpose of this paper, which is a library and documentary research, is to investigate the role of incidental memory in promoting self-awareness using visual and emotional richness in Forough Farrokhzad's works based on psychological criticism and representa More

Abstract The purpose of this paper, which is a library and documentary research, is to investigate the role of incidental memory in promoting self-awareness using visual and emotional richness in Forough Farrokhzad's works based on psychological criticism and representation of the two in poetry. In this regard, the difference between soul and body is first discussed from Bergson's point of view; According to him, "soul" and "body" are the only time difference, and the soul and consequently self-awareness are always present in the past and do not look to the past to current events. Therefore, strengthening "random memory", which is a smooth and three-dimensional memory, will play an effective role in increasing self-awareness. In this descriptive and analytical study of content, we intend to increase the level of self-awareness by guiding the reader to use more random memory to have a significant impact on the process of psychotherapy and relief from mental problems. Manuscript profile

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29 - Ambiguity in Persian Contemporary Poetry
بهزاد خواجات

  Ambiguity is a major characteristic of Persian contemporary poetry. It does not mean that the Persian classic poets did not use it, but it means that ambiguity is a necessary mean for contemporary poets to discover the modern world. Though the classic poets did More

  Ambiguity is a major characteristic of Persian contemporary poetry. It does not mean that the Persian classic poets did not use it, but it means that ambiguity is a necessary mean for contemporary poets to discover the modern world. Though the classic poets did not feel this necessity, the contemporary poets believe that the modern world is too complicated and ambiguity is an imperative for discovering and depicting it.       Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Descriptive-analytical study of political commitment in the poetry of Izz al-Din Mahyoubi relying on the court of Gharabin Lilmilad Al-Fajr
Hamze Ahmed Osman Masoud Bavan Puri Narges Lorestani Hadiseh Motevalli

Palestine problem is a global problem which has had a special manifestation in the contemporary poetry and people suffering pain of the bitter colonization and occupation around the world, have paid special attention to it. Libertarians and freedom fighters from differe More

Palestine problem is a global problem which has had a special manifestation in the contemporary poetry and people suffering pain of the bitter colonization and occupation around the world, have paid special attention to it. Libertarians and freedom fighters from different countries and with different languages have spoken about the oppression and persecution of the usurpers of the olive land and have protested against it. Algerian poets, who have tasted the bitterness of colonialism themselves, have paid special attention to Palestine in their poems. Izz al-Din Mahyoubi is one of these poets whom various aspects of Palestine Issue could be observed in his poems. He has considered critically the Palestinian children martyrdom is. He considers Qods as his own homeland and has always considered the children sling martyrs alive. Using descriptive-analytical approach, this paper attempt to explain and analyze the poems of this Algerian poet on Palestine and his commitment on it by reviewing Court "Gharabin Lilmilad Al-Fajr"  . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Discourse Analysis of Forough Farrokhzad’s Poetry “The Window” According to Systematic-functional Linguistics
Shervin Khamseh

Discourse analysis is an intertextual research analyzing the texts according to its context of situation. The poetry has been studied according to Holliday’s theory on Systematic-functional linguistics based on descriptive-analytical approach for revealing hidden More

Discourse analysis is an intertextual research analyzing the texts according to its context of situation. The poetry has been studied according to Holliday’s theory on Systematic-functional linguistics based on descriptive-analytical approach for revealing hidden layers. First, the poetry has been divided into four parts after describing ideational, interpersonal and textual meta-functions. Then each one was analyzed by drawing tables and frequency research. Finally, the whole poetry was annotated as a coherent text.  The results indicate that the poetry has been written in realistic and objective vision and dynamism. The poetry has assumed few bipolar atmosphere by high frequency of the participants (I & You). The plenty usage of indicative mood shows poet’s confidence on her words and the high frequency of present tenses makes more influence on readers to their agreements. The poetry was written opposing to dominant discourse of the time: more attention to technology and less on spirituality.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - The kinds of symbol in Arabic Contemporary Poetry
Baqer Qorbani Zarin

The Symbol has been discussed in Arabic Literature from a long time ago. Even some poems written by Imru’ al-Qays and Zuhayr are considered symbolic. In Arabic literature, this concept appeared after emerging the Symbolism school in France. Mane poets and writers More

The Symbol has been discussed in Arabic Literature from a long time ago. Even some poems written by Imru’ al-Qays and Zuhayr are considered symbolic. In Arabic literature, this concept appeared after emerging the Symbolism school in France. Mane poets and writers welcomed this school and filled their work with different symbols. The varieties of these cases are so much, so we can fill a lot of papers and volumes with. Hence, in this essay we’ll just investigate the Symbolism in Arabic Contemporary Literature. Even in this case, gathering all related materials spends a lot of time; therefore, only prominent instances of Symbolism in Contemporary Arabic poetry have been analyzed. Symbol analysis has major effect on stating poems’ contents and themes; if the ‘Symbol’ won’t be identified and interpreted correctly, the poem’s whole content would be incomprehensible. For presenting the Symbolism generally, it hasn’t sufficed to a single country’s poets; and by dividing symbols, which was for the first time in this way, it was attempt to draw an overall image about symbolism in Arabic Contemporary Literature. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Highlighting the Phases of Phantom and Figures of Speech in Bijan Najdi's Poetry
Ommolbanin Nikkhah Noori Hamid Samsam

Abstract         Bijan Najdi is one of the committed poets of contemporary era whose works have special structural complexity. His techniques in using the stream of consciousness and changing his view angle have always had effective r More

Abstract         Bijan Najdi is one of the committed poets of contemporary era whose works have special structural complexity. His techniques in using the stream of consciousness and changing his view angle have always had effective reflection on his works. We observe in, in his poetry, a lot of verbal and semantic highlighting such as : repetition, specification, allusion, metaphor, simile and sense-arousing items that have had much impact on the content and style of poems. Najdi has given his poetry a traditional and folkloric color and glaze using his own people's folk tales and ancestors' customs . In this paper, we've surveyed the quality of highlighting in his poetry in descriptive-analytical and librarian methods . Our purpose is that the readers become more familiar with his special secrets. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - Images and images in contemporary Persian poetry, criticism and structural analysis of allegory in the images of Nader Naderpour's poetry
Zahra Firoozian Mohammad-Ali Sharifian Mohammad Ghaderi Mogaddam

Image (mental image) and allegory are important terms in rhetoric. Nader Naderpour, a pictorialist poet, has various methods for illustration. The use of allegory in the images of his poetry has a special place; But so far no comprehensive research and independent work More

Image (mental image) and allegory are important terms in rhetoric. Nader Naderpour, a pictorialist poet, has various methods for illustration. The use of allegory in the images of his poetry has a special place; But so far no comprehensive research and independent work has emerged in this field and it is important; His poems should be examined from this point of view. The purpose of this research is to criticize and analyze the structure of allegory in the images of Naderpour's poetry, which evaluates allegory in the creation of images with a descriptive-analytical method of library and surveying. The author has also used first-hand books and articles to gain better knowledge about the main topic of this research. short parables that have been noticed in Naderpour's poems; Simile is an allegory and allegories that are formed by symbols, myths, allusions, archetypes, and popular beliefs. The result of this research shows; This poet artistically and innovatively uses the forms of short and extensive allegory in his illustration. The effects of short allegory in illustration are more than wide allegory. Allegories are a means to show Naderpour's imaginary images, which appear in the form of a beautiful body in the poem and embellish the poet's words. This achievement is very impressive in the final collections. Manuscript profile

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