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Open Access Article
1 - Using Data Mining Approaches to Predict and Answer the Needs of Venture Capital
Farshid Ghasedi Ghazvini Farshad Faezi Razi Farzaneh HeydarpourNowadays the economy of developed countries work based on small and medium enterprises and knowledge-base industries. Researchers experimental findings indicate financing of small and medium enterprises and start-ups with innovative activities have heterogeneity and spe MoreNowadays the economy of developed countries work based on small and medium enterprises and knowledge-base industries. Researchers experimental findings indicate financing of small and medium enterprises and start-ups with innovative activities have heterogeneity and special characteristics to start a business. This heterogeneity and special characteristics of start-ups confront essential problems in financing for them.Hence, for solving this problem, usage and continuity of venture capital process is necessary in order to encouragement and financing of innovative activities. Beside, in this process, venture capital firms in confrontation by pillar of financial markets need to conformity with the market regulations and policies. On the other hand venture capital firms in face of entrepreneurs and innovators confront challenges by how and state of ventures selection based on recognition and assessment of their risks for success or fail prediction of investments. The purpose of this research is response to this investorschallenges that lead investors to make superior evaluation and decision making in their start-ups investments through identification of the effective criteria on venture capital investments and their risk assessment for making trade-offs between them through multi criteria decision making method by usage of data mining and artificial intelligence Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The effect of Mental Metaphors on Professional Skepticism Auditors on Fraud Risk Assessment and Audit Quality
Morteza Shafati Hasan Valiyan Mohammadreza AbdoliMetaphor is one of the ways to improve the effectiveness of operations and business functions in society can be, because it creates a positive mindset for an increase in commitment and job responsibilities, particularly in the auditing profession. Metaphorization in aud MoreMetaphor is one of the ways to improve the effectiveness of operations and business functions in society can be, because it creates a positive mindset for an increase in commitment and job responsibilities, particularly in the auditing profession. Metaphorization in auditing can lead to auditors' professional skepticism to perform quality work and to examine all aspects of the performance of the clients. The purpose of this research is The effect of Mental Metaphors on Professional Skepticism Auditors on Fraud Risk Assessment and Audit Quality. In this research, two metaphors were used based on the researches of Parlee et al. (2014), Mubako & O'Donnell (2017) to better understand the suspicions of auditors in assessing the risk of fraud in the financial statements and the quality of the audit. Data were collected by questionnaire and for analyzing the hypothesis of the research, multivariate Manua multivariate tests, repeated variance analysis and follow-up tests were used to compare the time. The results of the research showed that auditors' differences in terms of their perceptions of audit metaphors increase the risk of corporate fraud and audit quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Application of Machine Learning Models for flood risk assessment and producing map to identify flood prone areas: Literature Review
Parisa Firoozishahmirzadi Shaghayegh Rahimi Zeinab Esmaeili Seraji -
Open Access Article
4 - Carcinogenicity and non-carcinogenicity Risk Assessment encounter of air heavy metals
seyyed reza karimi nabiollah mansouri lobat taghavi Mazaher MoeinaddiniBackground and Objective: Some heavy metals in the air are very important due to their biomagnification properties, persistence and harmful effects on human health. The main goal of this research is to identify and assess the risk of heavy metals that have carcinogenic MoreBackground and Objective: Some heavy metals in the air are very important due to their biomagnification properties, persistence and harmful effects on human health. The main goal of this research is to identify and assess the risk of heavy metals that have carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic potential for the people of Region 21. Material and Methodology: District 21 of Tehran was selected as the study area due to its industrial and semi-industrial uses. According to ASTM and EPA standards, 50 air samples were taken from different uses of Region 21 in 2021 using high volume pumps with the help of fiberglass filters. The concentration of heavy metals was determined using ICP-OES. Cancer and non-cancer risk assessments were also calculated using the IRIS integrated information system method. Findings: The average concentration of heavy metals in the decreasing trend is Li <Ti <W <Pb <Sr <Mg <Fe <Zn <Cr <Al, respectively, with aluminum having the highest concentration of 58.87 µg/m3 and lithium with 0.01 µg/m3 has the lowest concentration. In addition, the results of respiratory risk assessment indicate that HQ aluminum with 1/13E+01 has a non-cancer risk and Cr lead with 1/49E-05 has a cancer risk. Discussion and Conclusion: Comparing the amount of lead with the US national standard shows that the concentration of lead is not at the appropriate level. The findings of this study can help in formulating appropriate strategies by city managers and prioritizing the control of heavy metals in the air. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Health risk assessment of cadmium, lead and chromium elements in indoor and outdoor dust under impressed one in the region of east and south-west of Iran (Ahvaz, South Pars region and Zabol)
Seyedreza Asvad Abbas Esmaili Sari Nader BahramifarBackground and Objective: Air pollution is one of the most important threats to human health and ecosystems. One of the most common pollutant of outdoor and indoor is dust, which is an important source of toxic elements, especially in urban environments. In this study, MoreBackground and Objective: Air pollution is one of the most important threats to human health and ecosystems. One of the most common pollutant of outdoor and indoor is dust, which is an important source of toxic elements, especially in urban environments. In this study, the concentration of selected elements (cadmium, chromium and lead) and their health risk assessment in indoor and outdoor dust in Ahwaz, South Pars region and Zabol were measured. Material and Methodology: 100 dust samples were collected from indoor and outdoor the homes of the studied areas during the summer of 2017. Dust samples were digested using an acid digestion method by mixing HClO4-HF-HNO3 acids with 1: 2: 4 ratios. The total concentrations of elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS 7800). Risk assessment of selected elements in dust was performed using Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines. Findings: The results of risk assessment of selected elements from indoor and outdoor dust of homes showed that the highest non-cancerous and cancerous risks in indoor and outdoor dust for both adult and child groups is related to chromium element. While, the lowest cancerous and non-cancerous risks for both adult and child groups is related to lead and cadmium elements, respectively. Furthermore, the study of non-cancerous and cancerous risks caused by selected elements in the studies areas showed that in Ahvaz city, the risk caused by these elements is higher than the other regions. Discussion and conclusion: In general, the results of the hazard index (HI) and total cancer risk (TCR) indicate for selected elements indicate risk and should be subject to control and monitoring conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Seasonal comparison of Zinc health risk in atmospheric dust in Tehran, Iran
maryam samani ahmad golchin hosseinali alikhani ahmad bybordiBackground and objective: The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of zinc metal in atmospheric dust and to assess its health risk during the winter of 1397 to the fall of 1398 in areas 9, 10, 11 and 12 of Tehran Municipality.Material and Methodology: Fo MoreBackground and objective: The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of zinc metal in atmospheric dust and to assess its health risk during the winter of 1397 to the fall of 1398 in areas 9, 10, 11 and 12 of Tehran Municipality.Material and Methodology: For this purpose, two points in the west and east of region 9 and one point in the east of regions 11, 10 and 12 (the western parts of regions 10, 11 and 12 were adjacent to the east of the adjacent region) were determined and atmospheric dust was collected monthly for one year. A factorial experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with three replications. Experimental factors included sampling location and sampling time (seasons). The concentration of zinc was determined after extraction with hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid (3: 1 ratio). Finding: The results showed that the lowest concentration of zinc metal in winter and at point 9W (Tehransar) and 558.23 and the highest concentration of zinc metal in autumn and at point 11E (Vahdat-e-Islami Street) was 1835.3 mg / kg. The concentration of zinc and the amount of atmospheric dust increased from west to east and with the passage of winter to autumn. The health risk assessment was based on the US Environmental Protection Agency's EPA development method.Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that swallowing atmospheric dust was the main route of exposure to zinc, and more than 90% of the risk index for non-cancerous zinc metal diseases was related to HQ (ingestion risk equation). In winter, the amount of HQ and HI (cumulative risk index for non-cancerous diseases) was lower than safe level for zinc and for adults and children, and did not pose a health risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Risk assessment of suspended particles using EFMEA technique and TOPSIS method in District 9 of Tehran Municipality
reza jalilzadeh mahdiyeh sadat rahmaniBackground and Objectives: The importance of inhaling the clean air becomes more visible today. In the open air, a number of pollutants are considered as standard pollutants, one of which is particulate matter. The aim of this study was to study the environmental aspect MoreBackground and Objectives: The importance of inhaling the clean air becomes more visible today. In the open air, a number of pollutants are considered as standard pollutants, one of which is particulate matter. The aim of this study was to study the environmental aspects of suspended particles in Tehran Municipality 9th district.Method: In this research, firstly, by referring to the municipality of district 9 and receiving the region information, the activities of the indicator of the producer of suspended particles were identified. Potential damage caused by these activities was identified and given the probability of occurrence, the power of diagnosis and severity of impact on the environment are classified. Findings: 7 activities were identified and for each activity 17 environmental consequences were identified from the EFMEA method. Of the 17 identified risks, 4 risks include lung disease, cardiovascular disease, digestive diseases and skin diseases that have the highest severity and ranked first to fourth and accounted for 2 risk accidents and driving disorder Traffic signs have the least impact intensity and ranked 16th and 17th ranked TOPSIS. Based on the EFMEA technique, pulmonary diseases with 524 and heart disease with 423 numbers have the highest risk numbers and misdiagnosis of driving tips with 50 and driving accidents with a 52-point risk factor. Discussion and Conclusion: Regarding the risk assessment in this study, it was revealed that 2 risks of pulmonary disease and heart disease have the greatest impact on the general health of the people in the region and by reducing the environmental risks of the area by taking some control measures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Risk assessment of textile industry on workers exposed to noise pollution (case study: Borujerd Textile Factory)
Maryam Mohammadi Roozbahani Parvin Nassiri Ahmadreza Farzaneh NejadTo assess the risks of Borujerd Textile Factory on the workers exposed to noise pollution, a cross- sectional study was conducted. Sixty workers of spinning and weaving halls, and staff members were randomly selected and audio metered in the two groups of case and contr MoreTo assess the risks of Borujerd Textile Factory on the workers exposed to noise pollution, a cross- sectional study was conducted. Sixty workers of spinning and weaving halls, and staff members were randomly selected and audio metered in the two groups of case and control. Then, the results were analyzed through t-test. In the next step, all of the subjects filled in a questionnaire, the results of which were analyzed through X². Also, the diagrams of hearing loss rate were drawn for 4 groups in terms of years of working experience (16) and its relation with working years. The results of the study indicated that all subjects suffered from hearing loss in both ears. The mean hearing threshold of all groups had the highest value in frequency bands 2, 4, and 8 KHz. With an increase in the working years up to more than 10 years, hearing loss in 1 KHz frequency band was also seen. The lowest hearing sensitivity was seen in frequency bands 250 and 500 Hz. It can be concluded that the higher the frequency of the received noise, the lower the hearing tolerance threshold would be. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The Presentation of Environmental Risk Assessment Pattern for Gas Pipeline Project by Using of Indexing System and AHP Methods (Case Study: Transportation Pipelines 24 inches, Tasuj-Salmas Project)
Sahar Rezaian Mahdi Irankhahi Seyed Ali JoziGas transportation pipelines production plans, unlike technical and economical justification in the fieldof energy supplying for societies, by having danger on environment, needs the continuous studies ofassessment and environmental risk management in manufacturing and MoreGas transportation pipelines production plans, unlike technical and economical justification in the fieldof energy supplying for societies, by having danger on environment, needs the continuous studies ofassessment and environmental risk management in manufacturing and benefiting stage. In this study,for purpose of environmental risk assessment for gas transportation pipelines the indexing systemmethod and Analytical Hierarchy Process were combined. Indexing System is a compulsive andapplicable method that was based at the basis of characterizing index effect and ranking. By using thismethod, we can classify, quantify and prefering types of environmental risk in pipelines according tothe determined criteria’s and typical. In the mentioned method, typical of dangers, show the possibilityof danger occurrence and effects of typical show the effect intensity. Final grade for environmentalrisk in this method produce via possibility of danger occurrence multiply with effect intensity.According to that efficiency scale for whole of criteria are not equal in the final level of risk.In addition for the purpose of weighting the criteria’s, the Analytical Hierarchy Process was used andfor the purpose of weighting the digital layers of information related to the criteria Ordered WeightAnalysis method was used. For the purpose of examination results of this research, environmental riskassessment of gas transportation pipelines 24 inches for Tasuj-Salmas with approximate length about42 kilometer as a case study was exerted. Via usage of Geographic Information Systems abilities, theidentified risks and risk zonation in the path of pipelines were considered. Results showed that 46% ofgas pipeline path of Tasuj-Salmas, has a high risk level (5467- 6054 grade), 48% of it, has a mediumrisk level (6055- 6641 grade), 2% of it, has a low level of risk (6642-7228 grade) and 4% of it, has alittle risk (7228< grade). Adjacency of southern zone of pipelines path with Orumieh lake nationalpark, is an important ecological sensitivity that is under investigation. 15 kilometer of pipeline path(kilometer 18+220 to 33+220) is aligned with 5 kilometer of biosphere reserved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Ecological risk assessment and source identification of heavy metals including lead, arsenic, cadmium and zinc in surface water and sediments from Gheshlagh river, Sanandaj
Faranak Faghiri Delnia Hajiahmadi Jamil Amanollahi Farshid GhorbaniAbstract Background and Objective: Heavy metals are considered as serious pollutants due to their toxicity, persistence in natural conditions and ability to enter and accumulate in the food chain. Therefore, this study was carried to assess the potential ecological risk MoreAbstract Background and Objective: Heavy metals are considered as serious pollutants due to their toxicity, persistence in natural conditions and ability to enter and accumulate in the food chain. Therefore, this study was carried to assess the potential ecological risk and identify the source of heavy metals including lead, arsenic, cadmium and zinc in the surface water and sediments from Gheshlagh river, Sanandaj. Method: For this purpose, 16 samples of surface water and sediment were collected. Then, concentrations of arsenic, lead, cadmium and zinc were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Moreover, potential ecological risk index (PERI) and enrichment factor (EF) were utilized to assess the ecological risk, and heavy metals pollution index (HPI) was used to survey the effects of heavy metals on human health. Multivariate analyses such as correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and EF were used to identify human resource potential of arsenic, lead, cadmium and zinc. Findings: The results showed that the average concentration of a group of elements, including Pb, Cd and Zn, was higher than background levels, whereas average concentration of As was significantly lower than the background levels. Enrichment of the studied heavy metals was obtained as Pb> Zn> Cd> As in Gheshlagh river. The results of PERI showed a low risk for Pb, As and Zn and a moderate risk for Cd in the samples under the influence of road traffic. Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the results of EF and PCA, it can be concluded that the concentration of As has been mostly affected by the geological structure. Pb and Cd concentrations in four sampling areas were equally affected by agriculture and road traffic. It was also found that the concentration of Zn is influenced by residential wastewater. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Environmental Risk Assessment of Dam Projects By Using ELECTRE Technique
Saeed Malmasi Reza Arjmandi Roya Nezakati Zahra AllahdadBackground and Objective: Dam projects cause serious impacts on the surrounding environment. Therefore, in these sorts of projects, risk assessment of dams is one of the most important aspects of environmental risk management. The objective of present research is MoreBackground and Objective: Dam projects cause serious impacts on the surrounding environment. Therefore, in these sorts of projects, risk assessment of dams is one of the most important aspects of environmental risk management. The objective of present research is using one of the Multi Criteria Decision Making methods to make the managerial decisions for determining the most important identified risks and risks occurring prevention or reduction. Therefore, activities of construction and operation of Azad dam, which is located on Kumasi River in Kurdistan province, were investigated. Method: Firstly, environmental risks were identified using Delphi questionnaire method and based on their criteria including importance, severity, and probable occurrence. Then the aforementioned criteria of risks were weighted by using Entropy method. In the next stage, Elimination et Choice Translating to Reality (ELECTRE) method, one of the techniques of Multi Criteria Decision Making methods (MCDM), was used for ranking of probable risks. Findings: The results show that the most important risks of Azad dam are respectively including reduction of soil quality with the grade of 9, Kumasi River water contamination with the grade of 7 and intense reduction of organic matter and nutrients in Kumasi River flow at down side of the dam with the grade of 4. Discussion and conclusion: In this paper, environmental risk assessment of dam by using ELECTRE method to make the correct decision, making process for risk assessor and choosing the best alternative of a finite set of alternatives described in terms of evaluative criteria. Therefore, that, function of each risk was determined by ranking and create opportunity to decision maker for correct risk management and choosing the proper method for risk control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Environmental Risk Assessment of Gachsaran Oil Refinery Production Unit by Integrating Multi Criteria Decision Making and Environmental Failure-Mode and Effects Analysis
jahanbakhsh balist Bahram Malek mohammadi Faeze Chehrzar Yasser MoarabBackground and Objective:Risk assessment is a method to determine risk quantitative and qualitative and probable accident consequence on people, materials, equipment and environment. By doing so, existence controlling methods effectiveness are specified and valuable dat MoreBackground and Objective:Risk assessment is a method to determine risk quantitative and qualitative and probable accident consequence on people, materials, equipment and environment. By doing so, existence controlling methods effectiveness are specified and valuable data for decision making in risk mitigating is produced. Method: In this study, GACHSARAN oil refinery production unit is assessed. The purpose of this study is environmental risk assessment of this unit by updating methods and techniques and representing controlling strategies to manage these risks. Simultaneously use of several risk assessment and multi criteria decision making can lead to optimum risk management. To achieve this goal, the Environmental Failure-Mode and Effects Analysis (EFMEA), analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) are used. Findings: At first by site visiting and obtaining expert opinions of the unit, risks are identified and evaluated according to their effects on environmental of five components. In the following, risk priority number in specified and enter to TOPSIS and prioritized. Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that important risks are exhausted pollutant from stack and carry over to flare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Fuzzy Risk Assessment of Metro Station Construction (Case study: Karaj D2 Metro Station)
Soroush Salimipour Seyed Mohammad Reza Miri Lavasani Saeed Give chiBackground and Objective: Growth of urban population contributes to many emerging problems including traffic, disturbances in the transportation system, air pollution and traffic accidents. In order to reduce these problems, it is possible to use rapid transportation sy MoreBackground and Objective: Growth of urban population contributes to many emerging problems including traffic, disturbances in the transportation system, air pollution and traffic accidents. In order to reduce these problems, it is possible to use rapid transportation systems and clean energy, such as rail transport systems (Metro), which can help to reduce traffic and also reduce air pollution and environmental pollution. On the other hand, with the remarkable development of our country in subway industry and its increasing necessity in large cities, transport systems (metro) have pushed industrialists and manufacturers towards such projects. This increases the number of metro and tunnel construction projects that may result in many incidents. The aim of this study is to investigate the hazards associated with metro station construction projects. Method: In this applied research, an analytical descriptive method is used to investigate the hazards of constructing a metro station. In general, Fuzzy Risk Assessment (FRA) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) models are used for this purpose. The risk assessment process involves four general stages including: identifying, assessing, responding, and monitoring the risks. Regarding the problem of uncertainty in the field of risk management as well as the lack of information in this field, fuzzy risk assessment method was used and hierarchical analysis was applied to include the importance of component as compared to each other. Findings: After evaluation, the results indicated that the aggregative risk of the project was almost equal to 50%, which confirms very high probability of occurrence and severity of the risks. Also, considering the dimensions of the risks and risk factors studied, it was found that the largest share of this number was related to the implementation of metro station access and the risk of debris falling during drilling. Conclusion: In order to reduce the risks and incidents, these areas should be focused and appropriate preventive and control measures should be considered to ensure greater safety in such projects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Predicting the Mortality Rate Due to Particulate Matters Using AirQ Software and Health Risk Assessment in the City of Sanandaj
Abdol Reza Noferesti Farideh Atabi Jafar Nouri Mohammad Reza MiriLavasani Seyed Ali Jozi Background and Objective: The goal of this research was to assess the severity of diseases caused by suspended particulate matters for the residents of the area and the health risk assessment in Sanandaj. Methods: The statistical information about the concentrati More Background and Objective: The goal of this research was to assess the severity of diseases caused by suspended particulate matters for the residents of the area and the health risk assessment in Sanandaj. Methods: The statistical information about the concentration of particulate matters was taken in 2012 from the Sanandaj Department of Environment. The field measurement of particulate matters was also carried out in 17 monitoring stations in Sanandaj for different months during a year by using portable devices. Then for quantifying the effects of air pollutants, Air Quality Health Impact Assessment (AirQ) software was used. Next, calculations were made in Excel for preparation of the input data. Finally, prediction of mortality and comparing it with the available statistics was performed and the health risk assessment was conducted for the region. Findings: The study of air pollution due to particulate matters in the city of Sanandaj showed that most of the days, the area was contaminated with low intensity and the days of unhealthy and dangerous including less than two months from June to August. The highest amounts of the average concentrations of particulate matters in different months of the year were seen in the first five months of the year and especially in June. However, the number of patients admitted by health centers due to air pollution, in the winter and April, were the greatest. Most of the air pollution was seen in the northeast (Area A) due to the repairing workshops, passenger terminal and industrial park located in that area. Assessment of the number of patients admitted by the medical centers in the city of Sanandaj and comparing it with the amounts predicted by AirQ, showed that the results of AirQ were less than the real data, while the predicted mortality rates were more than the real data. In terms of demographic categories indifferent parts of the city, the distribution was almost equal. However, it was the highest rate in the area number 3, which had the lowest air pollution. Prediction of health risk in the area showed the highest risk in the area number one and for the people in age of 20- 44 years old. The main cause was the more exposure of people living in this area to air pollutants. Discussion and Counclusion: In cold seasons of the year, due to inversion and the topographical situation of the region, respiratory diseases and mortality rate increased in the study area. Based on the diseases recorded in the statistical year, 581 cases of chronic lung diseases,570 cases of angina thoracic, 23 cases of asthma and 39 deaths attributed to air pollution has been reported. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Comparing the Application of Bayesian Modeling and Multi Criteria Decision Making Method in Environmental Risk Assessment of Dams (Case study: Taleghan Dam)
Negar Tayebzadeh Moghadam Bahram Malekmohammadi Ahmadreza YavariBackground and Objective: Environmental risk assessment is an important tool to achieve sustainable development. The purpose of this study is application of Bayesian modeling method based on a hierarchical structure for prioritization, assessment and offering management MoreBackground and Objective: Environmental risk assessment is an important tool to achieve sustainable development. The purpose of this study is application of Bayesian modeling method based on a hierarchical structure for prioritization, assessment and offering management solutions to reduce the hazards of Taleghan dam environmental risks. Method: In the first method, environmental risk assessment (ERA) of Taleghan dam was performed by using Bayesian Network (BN) and the Netica software. To compare the results of this method with those of conventional methods such as multi criteria decision making method (MCDM), ERA of Taleghan dam was also performed by MCDM method and use of the Expert Choice software. Findings: Based on the obtained results, the output node of the BN, changes in land use, effects on population and erosion and sedimentation are the most important risks and pollution, seismic, flooding, tourism and ecosensetivity are in second priorities. Conclusion: BN as a new method with some advantages such as considering the relation between variables and uncertainty conditions data is considered flexible model with high capacity for ERA. Therefore, to achieve a comprehensive solution for environmental risk of engineering projects such as dam construction, application of BN based on the MCDM has a high performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Evaluation of HSE risks in the process of collecting and transferring urban solid waste (Case study of Tehran's 5th and 22nd districts
Manouchehr Omidvari Mahsa Afshari badrloo Farzam BabaeiIntroduction: Waste materials are produced as a result of human activity and work. Population growth and rising living standards increase the quantity of these substances. In other words, solid waste is an integral part of human life. The growth of technology and more u MoreIntroduction: Waste materials are produced as a result of human activity and work. Population growth and rising living standards increase the quantity of these substances. In other words, solid waste is an integral part of human life. The growth of technology and more use of natural resources and energy conversion has increased the size and complexity of solid waste production. These wastes must somehow move away from human habitation or re-enter the material and energy cycle. Today, irrational disposal of waste in addition to many disorders of the ecosystem and the emergence of many dangers in the world. Therefore, it is appropriate to take basic steps in this field to protect the environment and reduce economic losses.Goal: In this study, to achieve general and specific goals, the information collected in the two sections was information related to experts and residents of the two areas of Tehran.Design and Methods: First, Excel software was used to store and analyze information. In this way, the data were entered into Excel software and analyzed, and finally displayed in the form of tables and graphs by regions, and then the criteria and sub-criteria set by experts that the data were collected through a questionnaire. It has been analyzed using super decisions software.Results: The risk assessment form examines three criteria of environmental, safety, and health in two regions 5 and 22, each of which is effective in terms of safety, health, and the environment with weights in both regions 5 and region 22 of Tehran. The main environmental criteria in Zone 5 and the main safety criteria in Zone 22 are the high weight. Risk assessment form (HAZID method) is the environmental criterion of region 5, the highest risk number with 540 is related to dredging activity, washing elements, sweeping, administrative affairs, ..... Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Environmental risk assessment of urban development projects Tehran 19th District using spatial EFMEA (Case study: the operation of provincial parks)
salman hematinia Sahar Rezaeyan Seyed Ali JoziRisk assessment approach is a key element in the establishment and development of management systems. The components of the management systems more and more closely at the results more credible, respectively. One component that is particularly involved in issues of the MoreRisk assessment approach is a key element in the establishment and development of management systems. The components of the management systems more and more closely at the results more credible, respectively. One component that is particularly involved in issues of the environment component is location. The system is designed to produce, analyze, store and display spatial data is geographic information system. The aim of this study was identification and assessment of environmental risk factors with using non-spatial and spatial components including their location and extent of risks affect risk using spatial analysis of failure modes and effects on the environment (Spatial-EFMEA). At first checklist was prepared and preliminary assessment. Then complete Spatial-EFMEA worksheet and then according to the table, analyzed the likelihood and extent of risks and compute risk priority numbers respectively. Finally, using the frequency distribution method, results of the risk levels from low frequency, very low, low, medium, high, very high and critical level were classified for above-average levels of risk control measures and evaluate the proposed secondary. The results showed that 9% of risk associated with the buildings, 25 percent of risk associated with the green space, 16% of risk associated with the Green Ring and band Hulk, 16 percent of risk associated with the women area, 11% of risk associated with the sport area, 6% of risk associated with the parking and 17% of risk associated with the public area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Identification of Key Sustainable Development Strategies for Wetland Ecosystems by Stressors Risk Analysis
Nahid Mohebbi Jafar Nouri Nematollah Khorasani Borhan RiaziBackground and Objective: Nowadays, unplanned exploitation has acclaimed to be behind the wetland destruction despite their remarkable hydrological values and precious functions. As per Ramsar Convention's guidelines, “wise use” and ecological approach are s MoreBackground and Objective: Nowadays, unplanned exploitation has acclaimed to be behind the wetland destruction despite their remarkable hydrological values and precious functions. As per Ramsar Convention's guidelines, “wise use” and ecological approach are solutions. In this study, the foremost purpose is presenting sustainability strategies as in order to recover Boujagh Wetland as case study. Material and Methodology: The process of assessing ecological risk was performed through Risk Quotient (RQ). Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to illustrate the spatial distribution of threat factors. Determining wetland strategies related to sustainable development indicators, the Working Wetland Potential (WWP) model has been utilized. Findings: Solid waste and effluent discharge, agriculture drainage influence, fish farming, illegal fishery and haunting, boating, and unplanned recreation were distinguished as significant threats on Boujagh area mostly concentrated around on the shoreline and along the Sefidroud River. Ecological risk assessment was conducted for frogs and toads, which are at the beginning of the food chain and relatively high resistant against environmental stresses. Cadmium and cooper risk scores were estimated upper than 1 that means very high level in both dissolved and sedimentation statuses, amongst all substances. Considering wetland functional potentials, three key strategies of "conservation", "wisdom utilization", and "public participation" were eventually recognized to improve and rehabilitate the wetland. Discussion and Conclusion: Wetland enhancing interactions are in line with essential human needs, sustainable tourism, mitigation, and environmental conservation. Current activities could be possibly adapted via flexible management and creativity; moreover, incompatible factors might be gradually eliminated by public participation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Spatial-Quantitative Environmental Assessment of Three SHIRAZ Alternatives Railway with Enhanced YAPP-FAHP Method
Jahanbakhsh Balist Faeze Chehrazar Hamid Reza jafari JafariBackground and Aim: Rail safety is a very complex subject, with various factors involved. Many of the risk assessment techniques currently used in railroads are routine techniques. In this study, the YAPP upgraded method was used. Method: In this method, three indicato MoreBackground and Aim: Rail safety is a very complex subject, with various factors involved. Many of the risk assessment techniques currently used in railroads are routine techniques. In this study, the YAPP upgraded method was used. Method: In this method, three indicators are used to estimate the risk of each alternative. The risk associated with the length of each railway alternative, the risk of population density and the number of residents around each alternative, and the risks associated with the geological situation and the milestones of each alternative. To complete the evaluation of options, the FAHP method is used to prioritize them based on the YAPP indexes and sub-indicators. Findings: In this study, there are three alternatives for Shiraz railway, one, Kazeroon-Farashband, Second, Kazeroon-Quar and Shiraz-Noorabad. The study results show that the third alternative is the safest alternate with a risk value of 127.779 compared to two other alternatives with risk values of 277 and 298. Based on the results of the FAHP prioritization, the third option was also identified as the preferred option. Discussion and Conclusion: The YAPP method, taking into account natural and human factors in assessing the risk of railroads, is an efficient method that can be used to select optimal and safe paths in the design and planning phase of the projects. Using the multi-criteria decision-making methods along with the YAPP method, the choice of the final option is made easier and more scientifically. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Environmental risk assessment of Shohadaye Khalij Fars Agro-industrial Complex Using TOPEFMEA method
Sahar Rezaian Seyed Ali Jozi Sadaf AtaeeThis study was conducted with the aim of environmental risk assessment of Shohadaye Khalij Fars Agro-industrial Complex situated in kilometer 75 of Ahvaz - Khorramshahr Road. In this paper, after reviewing activities, measuring contamination parameters and processes of MoreThis study was conducted with the aim of environmental risk assessment of Shohadaye Khalij Fars Agro-industrial Complex situated in kilometer 75 of Ahvaz - Khorramshahr Road. In this paper, after reviewing activities, measuring contamination parameters and processes of sugar production salon of the Complex, environmental risk assessment was performed via TOPMEFEA. This is a hybrid method for the environmental risk assessment which is composed of a combination of the two methods of TOPSIS and EFMEA. For this purpose, in accordance with the method of analysis of failure modes and its impacts on the environment, some worksheets were first designed to assess the environmental risks. In these worksheets, variables such as the identification process of potential failure modes, potential effects of failures, potential causes of failure, initial assessment of the environmental aspects, were studied as environmental aspects. Then, using brainstorming method environmental impacts of each activity were identified and evaluated by relevant personnel and experts. The results showed the entry of contaminants and chemicals to aquatic environment due to sugar production process with the risk priority number of 16 with first priority, and the entry of chemical compounds and carbohydrates into the aquatic environment due to syrup refining, and contaminates. Considering that drainage in this Complex will have the most significant outcomes, the establishment of an industrial refinery and the application of advanced methods of wastewater treatment were among the proposals to reduce the most important risk factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - A review on the identification and assessment of the aggressive plant species environmental hazard in water ecosystems (case study: Water hyacinth)
Maryam Panahande Maryam Morovati Mokarrm Ravanbakhsh Safoura Javan The invasion of non-native species is the biggest threat to biodiversity in the world, which plays a major role in global change. In the present study have been reported some adverse effects of non-native specie on the the sensitive and fragile ecosystem and the More The invasion of non-native species is the biggest threat to biodiversity in the world, which plays a major role in global change. In the present study have been reported some adverse effects of non-native specie on the the sensitive and fragile ecosystem and the current methods have been mentioned the assessing risks of these effects on the environment. For this purpose, a wealth of valuable content has been gathered through a number of online and library searches. Firstly, an overview of the environmental risk assessment approach for the invasive species has been presented to an aquatic ecosystem. Then, the most important undesirable effects can accommodate the common invasive species of Water hyacinth in aquatic ecosystem, as well as the process of assessing the environmental risk to this particular species in a simple and scientific language. Studies have shown that a series of social, economic and health factors, along with ecological parameters, can be effective in identifying species and environmental impacts on sensitive, native and sensitive habitats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Fire Risk Assessment of Residential Areas by Using FRAME Engineering Method (Case Study: 257-Unit Residential Complex Project of Sarv in Arak)
Elham Hasani Seyed Ali Jozi Sahar RezaianIntroduction: A fire within a building constitutes one of the most fundamental hazards, annually resulting in extensive human, financial, and environmental damage. Prevention of such an incident is perceived as both critical and necessary. In this regard, this research MoreIntroduction: A fire within a building constitutes one of the most fundamental hazards, annually resulting in extensive human, financial, and environmental damage. Prevention of such an incident is perceived as both critical and necessary. In this regard, this research aims to provide a solution to an environmental safety issue from a management perspective, thereby designating this study as applied in nature. Materials and Methods: Frame is the most comprehensive, transparent and scientific fire risk assessment method that simultaneously calculates the fire risk level for three parameters of the building and its contents, people, and activities. First, in order to obtain results and achieve maximum accuracy, all calculation formulas were performed in FRAME method in Excel software.In the present research, the Fire Risk Assessment Method for Engineers (FRAME) was initially utilized to calculate fire risk for eight sections of the Sarv residential complex in Arak using assessment checklists and formulas of the FRAME method. Due to the complexity of the formulas, all calculations were carried out using the computational software Excel. Results and Discussion: The fire risk for the building and its contents averaged between 0.04 and 2.2, whereas for individuals, it ranged from 0.04 to 0.2, and for activities, it fluctuated between 0.1 and 2.7. As per the acceptable threshold in FRAME, the fire risk to individuals was within acceptable levels across all floors. However, the fire risk pertaining to the building, its contents, and activities was found to exceed acceptable limits on both blocks' fourth and seventh floors, suggesting an immediate requirement for remedial and preventive actions. Conclusion: In the residential complex under investigation, considering the selected units (four units from two blocks) for more precise calculations, approximately 37% of the units had an acceptable fire risk (P1) in the complex involved 63% of the units identified on the fourth and seventh floors of both blocks. Further analysis identified significant factors contributing to the reduced level of protection, including insufficient water supply, manual fire extinguishing systems, and egress. Factors contributing to the potential increase in risk in the building included a lack of exit routes, building height, and level of access. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Investigating the Effect of Self-Control Learning Strategies on Financial Fraud Risk Assessment
reza nematikoshteliThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Weinstein and Hume's self-control learning strategies on financial fraud risk assessment. Self-control learning strategies are all psychological efforts to control a person's processes, functions, and inner stat MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Weinstein and Hume's self-control learning strategies on financial fraud risk assessment. Self-control learning strategies are all psychological efforts to control a person's processes, functions, and inner state that the learner uses during learning. Therefore, its purpose is to help learn, organize, store knowledge and skills, as well as facilitate their use in the future. Weinstein and Hume's self-control learning strategies include self-control strategies for mental training, semantic development, and organization. The statistical sample of the research includes 519 auditors working in auditing firms, members of the Society of Certified Public Accountants of Iran, and the Auditing Organization in 2021, who were selected by an available sampling method. The research method is a descriptive survey and the instrument used in the research is a standard questionnaire. to statistically analyze the data and test the hypotheses, structural equation modeling was used using LISREL software. The results show that there is a significant relationship between auditors' self-control learning strategies by Weinstein and Hume method and financial fraud risk assessment. Also, self-control learning strategies, mental training, semantic development, and organization have the greatest impact on financial fraud risk assessment, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Environmental risk assessment of gas pipeline using the kent muhlbauer method
Mohsen Goudarzi Hamid Reza Jafari Saeid GivehchiThe purpose of this study is using reformed muhlbauer method in order to evaluate the pipeline environmentalrisk levels. In this method, the total index represents the hazard probability and the leakage factor represents theimpact intensity. The final risk score is obta MoreThe purpose of this study is using reformed muhlbauer method in order to evaluate the pipeline environmentalrisk levels. In this method, the total index represents the hazard probability and the leakage factor represents theimpact intensity. The final risk score is obtained by dividing the total score into leakage factor. 32 % of thepipelines contain very high risk and 11 % of the pipelines contain high risk. Medium risk belongs to 23 % of thepipelines and 34 % of the pipelines contain low risk. According to the results of kent malhauber method, themost important risk factor in this study is the High activity levels, low depth of coverage, lack of adequateeducation about the risks of pipelines to nearby residents, the lack of emergency messaging system, Intersectionwith multiple faults, Urban tissue, Population density and Valuable areas Like the National Natural. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Risk assessment of Ilam gas refinery using Job Safety Analysis (JSA) method and its modeling in PHA-pro software
reza hajimohammdi alireza eyvazzadeh arash hatamiIn this research, JSA method has been used to assess the risks and safety risks in Ilam gas refinery, . The risk was studied and then the results were modeled using PHA-pro software. The results showed that out of 15 identified risks, 7 had a risk number higher than 14, MoreIn this research, JSA method has been used to assess the risks and safety risks in Ilam gas refinery, . The risk was studied and then the results were modeled using PHA-pro software. The results showed that out of 15 identified risks, 7 had a risk number higher than 14, which can be said that approximately 46% of the activities were in the high risk area. Most of the values related to checking the seals were in the sulfur recycling unit, which resulted in spraying sulfur in the area outside the seals and causing burns and death. The corrective action was the use of face shields, work clothes and fireproof gloves. The next activity that had a high risk number was loading LPG, which resulted in improper installation of connections, gas leaks, fire / explosion, and damage to people and equipment. Be. It is clear that after the implementation of the control proposals, the number of high-risk cases has been reduced from 7 to 1, and the modeling bar chart has been moved to a safe area. In other words, before the control measures, 46% of the activities were in the high risk zone, 26% in the medium risk zone and 28% in the low risk zone. After the control measures, only 6% of the risks were in the high risk zone and 13% in The middle zone and 81% of them were in the low or safe risk zone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Safety Risk Assessment; Using Fuzzy Failure Mode and Effect Analysis and Fault Tree Analysis
Mazdak Khodadadi-Karimvand Sara TaherifarThe failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a qualitative, Inductive and effective method for detecting errors, faults, and failures in a system and fuzzy logic can improve that technique with more logical outputs. Moreover, the fault tree analysis (FTA) as a probab MoreThe failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a qualitative, Inductive and effective method for detecting errors, faults, and failures in a system and fuzzy logic can improve that technique with more logical outputs. Moreover, the fault tree analysis (FTA) as a probabilistic risk assessment method is among the effective technique for calculating the probability of errors, faults, failures, reliability and safety integrity level (SIL) verification resulting in certain events at higher levels. The FTA also detects the main causes of events in complicated systems. Although this technique appears to be time-consuming in systems with many diverse components, it is considered a powerful tool. In this paper, the fuzzy FMEA analyzes the failure modes in a hypothetical system. After that, the process with the highest risk is selected as the input of an FTA. According to the qualitative and quantitative analysis of FTAs, a series of corrective actions will be proposed to reduce the failure probability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Application of Multi criteria decision making methods in studies of environmental hazards in Shadegan Wetland
S. A. Jozi Saffarian Sh.There are wetlands and water zoning with unique features such as Shadegan wetland which is considered a national treasure, but unfortunately this ecosystem , includs many of today risks resulting from human activities considering the important of Shadegan Wetland the pr MoreThere are wetlands and water zoning with unique features such as Shadegan wetland which is considered a national treasure, but unfortunately this ecosystem , includs many of today risks resulting from human activities considering the important of Shadegan Wetland the present study aimed to determine major environmental risks (the most important environmental important acceptor Abadan gas turbine power plant) and their impact on wetlands Shadegan. As a case study, a questionnaire was prepared in Delphi method and handed to some of the elite and power industry and environmental experts.In this study, to analysis environmental risks Abadan gas power plant on the Shadegan wetland methods of multiple criteria decision making and TOPSIS eigenvector were used. For this purpose, after prioritizing risks of each environment separately using TOPSIS, a one-way ANOVA was used and priority of environmental risk acceptor Abadan gas power plant in the wetland was determined. Results of calculated risk Abadan gas power plant showed that in biological had a physical, chemical and cultural environments the effects on air quality had 0.918 weight, the effect on plant and animal population had a weight of 0.866 and view and landscapes had a weight of 0.796 are The most important risks affecting power plant activity on wetland. More solutions to control and reduce the risks identified for sensitive wetland ecosystem and wildlife shelterd Shadegan. Some of these solutions are: variability of activities within the enclosed invironment, the creation and development of green space using consistent species with the environment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Environmental risk assessment of Azad Dam using multiple criteria decision making method
R. Arjmandi S. Malmasi R. Nezakati Z. AllahdadAzad Dam, in the western areas of Kordestan province, is located on KomasiRiver in the distance of 37 kilometers at the west of Sanandaj and 39 kilometers at the south-east of Marivan. In this research, risk assessments of activities during construction phases of the da MoreAzad Dam, in the western areas of Kordestan province, is located on KomasiRiver in the distance of 37 kilometers at the west of Sanandaj and 39 kilometers at the south-east of Marivan. In this research, risk assessments of activities during construction phases of the dam have been studied in order to mitigate the probable risks. To reach this goal, one of the multiple criteria decision making methods by the name of multiple Attribute Decision Making has been used. Firstly, the risk factors have been recognized and ranked based on their importance, intensity and probable occurrence using Delphi questionnaire Method. Results were analyzed using SPSS software. In the next stage, the whole risk factors of Azad Dam were weighted and their priorities were determined applying Entropy method. Finally, environmental risks were ranked using TOPSIS Model. Results declare that the most important risks of the plan include the risk of soil pollution and land-cover destruction with the score of 0.895, Komasi River water contamination with the score of 0.667, intense reduction of organic matters and nutrients in Komasi River flow at down side of the dam with a score of 0.597. At the end of this research, an environmental management program was presented to mitigate or control the probable risks of the project. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Environmental Risk Assessment of Balaroud Dam of Khuzestan`s construction Using Analytical Hierarchy Process
S. A. Jozi S. M. Hosseini M. Tabib ShoshtareThis study attempts to determine and assess the Risks due Construction of Balaroud Dam.After the recognition of the activities and the environment of the field under the study with regard to the magnitude of the effects, the likelihood of the possible consequences for h MoreThis study attempts to determine and assess the Risks due Construction of Balaroud Dam.After the recognition of the activities and the environment of the field under the study with regard to the magnitude of the effects, the likelihood of the possible consequences for humans, the environment and the working equipments were identified and the classification of the risks based on the delfi method was conducted and the risk-creating factors were classified naturally, biophysically, and anthropogenically. The methodology used was analytical Hierarchy Process. After the creation of the hierarchy of risks; paired comparison matrices were formed with regard to the risk of danger and effect magnitude. Moreover, to obtain the relative and final weight of each of these factors, preferences amounts were given to the expert choice software. results show that cut and fills with the final weight of 0. 277 is the most import risk in the region. Also, drilling and explosion with the final weights of 0.60 and 0.111 are of second and third priority. Other factors are lower in priority. Measures to control and reduce risks are alsoprovided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Occupational Health Risk Assessment of Iranian Drilling Industry
Seyed Reza Shadizadeh Elahe Ataallahi -
Open Access Article
31 - Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Arsenic and Zinc in Ghee Consumed in Kermanshah City, Western Iran using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Soheil Sobhanardakani Lobat Taghavi -
Open Access Article
32 - Lead Contamination in Playgrounds in Tuzla (Bosnia and Herzegovina)-environmental and Children Health Risk Assessment
Maida Šljivić Husejnović Esmeralda Dautović Adaleta Softić -
Open Access Article
33 - Semi-quantitative Respiratory Health Risk Assessment of Exposure to Metalworking Fluids (Oil Mists) in an Automotive Industry
Zahra Moradpour Soleiman Ramezanifar Elham Asgari Gandomani Rezvan Zendehdel -
Open Access Article
34 - Health Risk Assessment of Asphalt Workers’ Exposure to Benzo-α-pyrene
Jamshid Rahimi Kamaladin Abedi Hossein Ebrahimi Rasoul Yarahmadi Iraj Alimohammadi Shahram Vosoughi Seted Hosein Tabatabaei -
Open Access Article
35 - The Study of Native Fish of Mesopotamichthys Sharpeyi and Barbus Grypus in Khuzestan Province Warm Water Fish Farms with the Perspective of Contamination by Heavy Metals and Risk Evaluation for Consumers
Muhammad hamzehpour Reza Salighehzadeh Behnam Pedram Marjan MosaferHeavy metals, due to their indestructible nature, pose a serious threat to the health of aquatic animals as well as humans if a high concentration of them accumulates in the tissues of aquatic organisms. For this purpose, the present study was done with the aim of inves MoreHeavy metals, due to their indestructible nature, pose a serious threat to the health of aquatic animals as well as humans if a high concentration of them accumulates in the tissues of aquatic organisms. For this purpose, the present study was done with the aim of investigating native Bunni and Shabout fishes in tropical fish breeding farms of Khuzestan province with the perspective of contamination by heavy metals and risk assessment for consumers. In present study, the concentration level of thirteen heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, tin and zinc), in the muscle tissue of (Mesopotamichthyssharpeyi) and (Barbus gryous) was measured. The results of this study showed that there were no significant difference between the concentration of heavy metals measured in Bunni and Shabout fishes. The findings of the research indicated that iron and arsenic had the highest and lowest concentrations in the muscle tissue of Bunni and Shabout fishes, respectively. Comparison of measured heavy metals with international health standards showed that the concentration of all metals except lead were significantly lower than the permissible limit (p < 0.05). The concentration of lead was significantly higher than the permissible limit (p < 0.05). The assessment of health risk showed that daily and continuous consumption of these products by consumers is completely safe, except for cadmium and lead and there is no risk for them. The average concentration of all measured metals except lead were lower than international standards. The estimation of daily intake of all measured heavy metals except cadmium and lead were less than global standards. The estimation of daily intake in all metals except cadmium and lead showed that the consumption of Shabout and Bunni fish currently does not pose a risk to human health, however, in order to prevent possible contamination in the future, management should pay more attention to these pollutants and their possible sources. Manuscript profile
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