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  1 - Investigating the Effect of Altruistic and Egoistic Values on the Attitudes and Intentions of Farmers in Kermanshah Province to Adapt to Water Scarcity
  Yousof Azadi jafar yaghoubi Haydar Gholizadeh Saeed Gholamrezai Fatemeh Rahimi-Feyzabad
  The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of altruistic and Egoistic values on the attitude and intention of farmers in Kermanshah province to adapt to water shortage. In order to select farmers, a multi-stage cluster sampling method was u More

  The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of altruistic and Egoistic values on the attitude and intention of farmers in Kermanshah province to adapt to water shortage. In order to select farmers, a multi-stage cluster sampling method was used (n=380). The data was collected from the wheat farmers of Kermanshah province through a researcher-made questionnaire. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire was tested and confirmed. The conceptual model was analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results showed that the variable of altruistic values had a positive and significant effect on the variables of attitude and intention to adapt, and the variable of egoistic values had a negative and significant effect on the variables of attitude and intention to adapt. Also, the attitude variable towards adapting to water scarcity had a positive and significant effect on the intention to adapt. In the present study, 39% of the variance of the attitude variable and 50.1% of the variance of the intention to adapt to water scarcity were explained. Manuscript profile
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  2 - The Problem of Identity Crisis in the Post-Colonial Criticism: Clarifying the Constituents of Identity Crisis in the Narrative Analysis
  Boshra Jazayerirad Faramarz Mirzaei Khalil Parvini Hadi Nazari Monazam
  Identity and identity crisis is the basis of post-colonial critique deals with ego-other polemics or colonized-colonialist confrontation and its consequences on the colonized identity crisis. Identity and dependency are introduced widely in a post-colonial novel and sto More

  Identity and identity crisis is the basis of post-colonial critique deals with ego-other polemics or colonized-colonialist confrontation and its consequences on the colonized identity crisis. Identity and dependency are introduced widely in a post-colonial novel and story writers raised repeatedly the consequences of east-west confrontations on post-colonial identity in their works, because communicate with 'other' awakes the sense of dependency to identity in individuals and leads them to an independent and distinct identity. The 'other' from eastern perspective is the colonialist west that tries constantly to destroy their identities. The contemporary Arab novel dealt greatly with the ideals and issues of the society including the identity. So, it deserves to mention that the identity crisis and its reflections in the modern story writing which is caused by east-west confrontations. Thus, considering the importance of the 'identity crisis' in post-colonial criticism and the frequency of its introduction in Arabic stories, the present study relied on the components of post-colonial criticism, descriptive-analytic method, as well as application of deduction, accuracy and comparative reading intended to present new indicators to the analysis and reading identity crisis in novels. The indicators consist of six components: self-abasement complex; westernization; schizophrenia; castration anxiety; alienation backwardness and violence. By application of these components and examining the amount of each one in the story, understanding the identity crisis becomes easier and more accurate. Manuscript profile
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  3 - A BRIEF SKETCH ON CATS AND MICE
  Zahra Dorri
  The long history of the allegorical tradition that uses talking animals as the main character(s) in the world’s literature is indicative of the fact that anthropomorphizing animals has long been a popular storytelling technique among writers (e.g., Aesop’s F More

  The long history of the allegorical tradition that uses talking animals as the main character(s) in the world’s literature is indicative of the fact that anthropomorphizing animals has long been a popular storytelling technique among writers (e.g., Aesop’s Fables, Panchatantra, Animal Farm, Kalila and Dimna, Marzban Nameh). This technique has also helped enrich the Persian Literature. In Persian fables, animals act like humans, they talk, cheat, fight, and the like etc. Such characteristics repeat in a similar or varied fashion throughout the story and finally gain symbolic significance. For instance, peacock signifies hypocrisy in Masnavi and Mantiq al-Tayr. Likewise, dog, wolf, pig, and mouse, signify greed in Seir al-Ibad ILa al-Maad. In a similar vein, serpent and whale signify jealousy and lust, respectively. In The Cat and The Mouse, the cat is a hypocrite who pretends to be pious and the mouse is another hypocrite who pretends to be a faithful friend. This paper aims at examining the cultural significance and the symbolic role of cat and mouse in Persian Literature by focusing on such works as The Mouse and The Cat by Obeid Zakani and The Cat and The Mouse by Sheykh Bahaie. This review also tries to apply the sociological perspective to the analysis of the aforementioned works.   Manuscript profile
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  4 - Investigating the Role of Humor of Manager in Organizational Evolution with the Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Happy Child Ego State of Employees (Case Study: Education Department of West Azerbaijan Province)
  احمد اسدزاده مسلم یوسفی عبداله دهقانی سهراب احمدزاده
  10.30495/ee.2022.1965904.1120
  Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between humor of manager and organizational evolution with respect to the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation and the happy child ego state of employees. Research Methodology: The statist More

  Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between humor of manager and organizational evolution with respect to the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation and the happy child ego state of employees. Research Methodology: The statistical population in this study is 197 employees of Education department of West Azerbaijan Province who were selected by available sampling method. This descriptive study was applied in terms of purpose and was done with a survey method. In order to analyze the data, the partial least squares method and Smart PLS 2 software were used. A standard 36-question questionnaire based on an ordinal scale and a five-point Likert scale was used to collect data. The findings indicate that measurement tools have good validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient is more than 0.7 for all research structures. Findings: The results indicate that humor of manager has a positive and significant effect on the evolution of the organization. There is also a positive and significant effect between the variables of humor of manager and entrepreneurial orientation and happy child ego state. Also, the entrepreneurial orientation and happy child ego state of the employees have a positive and significant effect on the evolution of the organization. Finally, it can be said that happy child ego state plays a mediating role between humor of manager and organizational evolution, but the entrepreneurial orientation does not play a mediating role between these two variables. Conclusion: Nowadays, different styles of humor are used in different organizations, and since hierarchical models are used with high formality in the education system, it seems that the models of humor can be effective in achieving desirable mental states, entrepreneurship and organizational evolution. Manuscript profile
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  5 - The study of the origin of didactic poetic literature and its course of development in Iran
  ahmadreza yalameha
  Literature has certain content and formal characteristics. Didactic literature is not an exception to this regard. Its prominent characteristics are teaching moral and educational points in the form advice and recommendation. On the other hand, the theme of didactic lit More

  Literature has certain content and formal characteristics. Didactic literature is not an exception to this regard. Its prominent characteristics are teaching moral and educational points in the form advice and recommendation. On the other hand, the theme of didactic literature is so deeply integrated with Persian literature that it cannot be separated from it. What makes didactic literature different us the purpose of its writer. Therefore, the field of the present paper includes the most important works i in the form if didactic literature. Based on this, what has been given of a poet work makes clear to the researcher that the didactic literature has two origins. Firstly, the characteristics of poet him or herself. If a poet reaches to a high developmental position she or he gives advice about positive discourse and reject negative discourse. Secondly, the dominant discourse of the society affects directly both poet and his or her poetry. Therefore, didactic literature prior to Islam is the deflection cruel government because the artist has not tried to reach to a high developmental ego. In fact, the artist has confirmed the dominant discourse of the society. After Islam, in the work of Sanaie and poets proceeding him we see ego development in didactic literature.   Manuscript profile
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  6 - The effect of group counseling on reinforcement of Adult ego state which is based on transactional analysis theory related to modifying irrational beliefs in 13-15 years old adolescent female students in Isfahan city in 2015-2016
  khatereh azadmilajerdi farzaneh niknejadi
  The objective of this research was studying about the effect of group counseling on reinforcement of Adult ego state which is based on transactional analysis theory related to modifying irrational beliefs in 13-15 years old adolescent female students in Isfahan city in More

  The objective of this research was studying about the effect of group counseling on reinforcement of Adult ego state which is based on transactional analysis theory related to modifying irrational beliefs in 13-15 years old adolescent female students in Isfahan city in 2015-2016. Quasi-experimental research design was set on pretest-posttest with two groups of "experiment and evidence" and "multi-stage cluster sampling". Therefore among the students who had low self-differentiation score and high irrational beliefs score 30 students has selected randomly and the 15 persons were placed in experiment group and the rest were placed in evidence group. Adolescents of experiment group were under 10 sessions of 1.5 hour group counseling group counseling on reinforcement of “Adult ego state “based on transactional analysis theory once a week but the evidence group did not receive any intervention. In this research Irrational Beliefs of Joines were used (1968).The results were analyzed using analysis of covariance showed that group counseling reinforcement of "adult ego state" based on transactional change irrational beliefs and its components, including Demand for approval, high self expectation, preparedness for blame, emotional irresponsibility, anxious over concern, problem avoidance, dependency, helplessness for change, perfectionism had a significant effect (P <0.05), but the components " reaction of frustration "no significant effect. (P>0.05). Keywords: reinforcement of “adult ego state, transactional analysis, irrational beliefs Manuscript profile
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  7 - The Relationship Between Intolerance of Uncertainty and Relationship Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Ego Strength
  vahideh dehaqin Mohammad Ali Besharat Masoud Gholamali Lavasani Zahra Naghsh
  Relationship obsessive-compulsive disorder (ROCD) is a specific subtype of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in which symptoms are focused on intimate and/or close relationships one has with her/his spouse or partner. The study aimed to investigate the mediating role More

  Relationship obsessive-compulsive disorder (ROCD) is a specific subtype of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in which symptoms are focused on intimate and/or close relationships one has with her/his spouse or partner. The study aimed to investigate the mediating role of ego strength in the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and ROCD symptoms. The population comprised all students at the University of Tehran and the sample group consisted of 430 students (324 female, 106 male) who administered the Ego Strength Scale (ESS; Besharat, 2017), Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS; Carleton et al. 2007), and Relationship Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Inventory (ROCI; Doron et al., 2012). The hypothesized mediation model provided fit to the data, The correlation between intolerance of uncertainty and ROCD symptoms was significantly positive, and between ego strength and ROCD symptoms was significantly negative. The study findings suggest that ego strength mediated the association between intolerance of uncertainty and ROCD symptoms. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that intolerance of uncertainty and ego strength can predict the severity of ROCD symptoms. Considering these variables may be important in the processes of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of ROCD symptoms. Manuscript profile
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  8 - The Developmental Process of Types of Egocentrism Using Content Analysis of Children and Adolescents’ Books
  Roghyeh Balali
  The development of different types of egocentrism were analysed on the basis of piagetian theory in the books published from 1996-1998 in four different age groups. The study was conducted through content analysis of a sample of 30 book titles selected from sources avai More

  The development of different types of egocentrism were analysed on the basis of piagetian theory in the books published from 1996-1998 in four different age groups. The study was conducted through content analysis of a sample of 30 book titles selected from sources available at the Center for Intellectual Development of Children and Adolescents. Tabular and graphical representation of data were made using descriptive analysis. Results indicated: (1) In most books, specially those written by Iranian writers, different types of indirect egocentrism were portrayed, (2) Foreign writers have helped children to decentrate their egocentrism more than Iranian writers, (3) A very low level of inter-rated compatibility between judgments made by experts at the Supreme Council of Literature Research Documents could be attributed to the diverse view points of judges Manuscript profile
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  9 - Analyzing The concept of exploration of "soul" and other obstacles to perfection related to it, inAsrarnameh from Attar Nishabouri's
  Hakimeh Kahsari Masoud Mahdian maliha mahdavi
  Perfectionism, which has always been one of the important indicators of mystical-ethical literature; It is an effort to achieve human perfection. But along with the important factors of human perfectionism, it is important and necessary to examine and explain the obstac More

  Perfectionism, which has always been one of the important indicators of mystical-ethical literature; It is an effort to achieve human perfection. But along with the important factors of human perfectionism, it is important and necessary to examine and explain the obstacles that keep people away from the path of their highest goals. In such a way that many mystics have listed the knowledge of the limitations and obstacles of perfection as the most important principle to achieve it. In this article, the authors have devoted their efforts to examining this main question: "How is the ego explained as the most important factor preventing human perfection in Attar Nishaburi's Asrarnameh?" And "what is the relationship between the ego and other factors that prevent perfection?" The hypothesis of the authors is that the concept of "soul", which is one of the main factors preventing the perfection of a person, is introduced in Asrarnameh Attar as the cause of many moral vices. The findings of the article, using the descriptive and analytical method, showed that the concept of self in Asrarnameh Attar is the basis for the realization of moral vices such as envy and miserliness, greed and anger and malice, worldliness, etc. which ultimately prevents a person from achieving perfection. Therefore, the current article, while carefully examining the verses of Asrarnameh, explains the concept of ego, which is embedded in human nature as a deadly poison of morality and spirituality; to bring him to the lowest stage of humiliation. Manuscript profile