List of Articles China

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  1 - Examining the economic goals of Iran and China in the comprehensive strategic cooperation document
  Arezoo Askary Mehrdad  salehiyeganeh
  Relations between Iran and China have a long history. Their first communication took place through the old silk road, and today, with the new silk road plan by China and the 25-year comprehensive strategic cooperation document, the relations between the two countries ha More

  Relations between Iran and China have a long history. Their first communication took place through the old silk road, and today, with the new silk road plan by China and the 25-year comprehensive strategic cooperation document, the relations between the two countries have expanded to the level of strategic partnership. China has signed cooperation documents with many countries to implement the Belt and Road Initiative. Iran has also received special attention from Beijing due to its special geopolitical situation. Therefore, on April 7, 1400, a 25-year comprehensive strategic cooperation document was signed between the foreign ministers of Iran and China, which is supposed to be a road map for the future cooperation of the parties. The current research is an attempt to answer the question, what economic goals are pursued by the Islamic Republic of Iran and China through the 25-year comprehensive strategic cooperation document? The proposed hypothesis is that China's main goal in the aforementioned agreement is to diversify energy sources and ensure its security. On the other hand, the most important goal of the Islamic Republic of Iran is to get rid of the economic blockade by increasing trade exchanges with China under the conditions of economic sanctions. The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical and information gathering is also done by using written sources including books, articles, documents and internet data Manuscript profile
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  2 - Political Assessment of the Strategic Approach and Positions of the Islamic Republic of Iran Regarding the Shanghai Cooperation Organization
  Navid  Nozaeem Seyyed Baqir   Mirabbasi Mareyam Moradi Sohail Sohaili Najafabadi
  The objective of this research is to politically assess the strategic approach and positions of the Islamic Republic of Iran concerning the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the findings indicate that the mutual More

  The objective of this research is to politically assess the strategic approach and positions of the Islamic Republic of Iran concerning the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the findings indicate that the mutual interests of Iran and the two major powers within the SCO, Russia, and China, in preventing American influence in Southwest Asia, particularly Central Asia, have brought them closer together within the framework of bilateral relations and also within the SCO. To counter American hegemony at the regional level and ensure its national interests against the security threats posed by the United States, the Islamic Republic of Iran has taken steps towards permanent membership in the SCO. Permanent membership in the SCO has provided structural opportunities for Iran, which, on one hand, can create a balance against American hegemony in the region with the support of the powers within this structure, and on the other hand, enhances Iran's political and security status in Central Asian equations and Middle Eastern developments. Therefore, with the aforementioned high capacities in the Middle East region, Iran has the necessary strategic capability to become a regional power. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Evaluation of growth Feature of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum trees using stem analysis
  jamshid eslam dost hormoz sohrabi seyed mohsen hoseyni
  Tree growth has a great ecological and economic importance and stem analysis is one of the reliable and widely used methods which is used to study the growth of different attributes of the trees. In the present study, we evaluated diameter, basal area, and height and vo More

  Tree growth has a great ecological and economic importance and stem analysis is one of the reliable and widely used methods which is used to study the growth of different attributes of the trees. In the present study, we evaluated diameter, basal area, and height and volume growth of two fast growing species (namely Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum). After falling down the trees, 5 centimeter thick disks at 2 meter intervals were collected and transported to the laboratory. The thickness of the annual rings was measured in two perpendicular directions up to1millimeter precision. The results showed that the highest value of the current growth of diameter of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 4 and 6 year ages, respectively, equal to 1.5 and 5.4 cm and the highest value of the current basal area growth of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 9 and 10 year ages, respectively, equal to 0.1 and 0.14 square meters. Furthermore, the highest value of the current growth of height of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 6 and 9 year ages, respectively, with value of 1.3 m 3.1 m and the highest value of the current growth in the volume of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 8 and 12 year ages, with a value of 0.094 and 0.1 cubic meters, respectively. Finally, there would be concluded that both of these species in such sites can meet the environmental needs such as green spaces as well as economic goals such as commercial wood product. Manuscript profile
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  4 - A Comparative Study of the Electronic Evidence in Criminal Justice Systems of Iran and China
  Babak pourghahramani Reza Ghaderi
  10.30495/cyberlaw.2022.692009
  Background and Objective: With expansion of cyberspace, crimes in this area have also spread. The need for credibility, seizure and collection of electronic evidence has been considered in various criminal justice systems. The purpose of this article is to comparatively More

  Background and Objective: With expansion of cyberspace, crimes in this area have also spread. The need for credibility, seizure and collection of electronic evidence has been considered in various criminal justice systems. The purpose of this article is to comparatively study and analyze the position of electronic evidence in the criminal justice systems of Iran and China.Method: The present research employs a descriptive-analytical method in reaching its objectives. The rules and regulations governing electronic evidence in China and Iran have been studied and comparatively examined.Findings: Investigating cybercrime requires the seizure, collection and credibility of electronic evidence in the trial process. The laws and regulations of Iran and China have dealt with these issues separately and have provided solutions for criminal prosecution by criminalizing cybercrime.Results: The criminal systems of Iran and China have adopted different regulations and laws with regard to collection, seizure and credibility of the electronic evidence according to their own needs in the society. The legal system of China is more developed than Iran as far as its technical and specialization are concerned. The legal system of Iran, in its turn, follows a human rights approach of the same and attempts at restricting the authority of the justice administration law enforcement agents by stating their duties and responsibilities. Both of the systems use police force as the responsible body for collecting, seizure and credibility of the electronic evidence. Manuscript profile
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  5 - China's presence in the Persian Gulf: Political and strategic implications
  Majid Bozorgmehri Maryam Mirzaei
  Abstract: While China pursues economic, industrial and foreign trade development strategy its need for energy source like oil and gas increases. This approach will lead to an increase in import of oil products from different parts of the world particularly the Middle Ea More

  Abstract: While China pursues economic, industrial and foreign trade development strategy its need for energy source like oil and gas increases. This approach will lead to an increase in import of oil products from different parts of the world particularly the Middle East. The reason for China to become more active in Persian Gulf is the need for energy and in this direction it is diluting emphasis on ideology in foreign policy. The question raised by the paper is “what is China's foreign policy is in the Persian Gulf?” How has been China's presence in this strategic region? What is China's policy about the free and unhindered flow of oil in the Persian Gulf? Will it be an inactive policy in conforming to the Western world or it wants to play an active role in region's development in competition with the United States? The underlying hypothesis is that China will be having an extensive presence in relation with its increasing need for oil. This presence will be in the shape of economic and commercial transactions, import of oil and the export of goods and services to the region. It seems that China is not interested in creating a confrontationist and security atmosphere with the United States. The priority of China is the stability of the region in cooperation with the West. The grand strategy of balancing with the United States in Persian Gulf is positive interaction with the United States. In this direction China establishes economic ties with the main actors in the region and creating the sense of dependence in them about the need for good relations with China. In this way China tries to strengthen its position in the region. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-analytical and making use of documents. Manuscript profile
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  6 - China’s Energy Security in the Direction of One Belt – One Road Initiative
  Hadi Ajilit mahdi salami mehrdad fallahi
  Abstract: The "One Belt-One Road" initiative was introduced by Chinese president Shi Jingping in September 2013. This plan consists of two parts: One New Silk Road and the second Sea Silk Route. China by introducing this plan is pursuing ambitious goals. These goals inc More

  Abstract: The "One Belt-One Road" initiative was introduced by Chinese president Shi Jingping in September 2013. This plan consists of two parts: One New Silk Road and the second Sea Silk Route. China by introducing this plan is pursuing ambitious goals. These goals include economic growth, ensuring energy security, expansion of the sphere of influence, access to world markets and building cost effective transportation and transit routes. This project seeks to facilitate the transfer of energy and commodities to China and from China to other parts of the world within a short span of time. The sea route consists of two directions: First a route from the coasts of China through the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean to Europe and the second from the shores of China to the South Pacific Ocean. The question raised by the paper is "How the above said project will be effective and useful for China's energy security?" The underlying hypothesis is that China intends to implement this plan with the objective of establishing friendly relations with oil rich countries, creating different land and sea routes and diversifying its source of supply of energy and in this way ensures its energy security. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile
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  7 - The importance of soft power in international relations; From China's cultural exports to the Middle East to the cultural opportunities of the Iran-China agreement
  Seyed Hassan Mirfakhraei Farhad Farahani
  International relation's arena is extremely effected of cultural and identity ingredients. So gain an aspect and international prestige, penetrate in public opinion and access to soft power are the important and at the same time unspecified goals is the diplomacy o More

  International relation's arena is extremely effected of cultural and identity ingredients. So gain an aspect and international prestige, penetrate in public opinion and access to soft power are the important and at the same time unspecified goals is the diplomacy of countries. China's emerging power is trying to export its cultural industries and penetrate as deeply as possible in the MiddleEast in order to strengthen its soft power.The importance of this Chinese strategy can be seen in the cooperation document with Iran.At the same time, the identity and cultural opportunities contained in this agreement have the potential to expand Iran's soft power in the international system.Therefore, the purpose of this study is with descriptive-explanatory method and using library texts and available data to answer the main question, how does China's cultural exports to the Middle East and the cultural opportunities of the Iran-China Cooperation Agreement highlight the role of soft power in international relations?This hypothesis is raised in response to this question: China's investment in the distribution of identity products in the Middle East and the cultural opportunities resulting from the 25-year cooperation agreement for Iran, express the need for governments to pay attention to the concept of soft power. Manuscript profile
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  8 - Analysis of the policy of developing relations with new China based on realism theory
  ali Imani
  10.30495/pir.2023.1956446.3487
  This article explains how to develop relations with New China .Therefore, the policy analysis process is used as a policy-transition method. And realism is used as a political theory. The process of conducting research begins with analytical problem-solving and ends wit More

  This article explains how to develop relations with New China .Therefore, the policy analysis process is used as a policy-transition method. And realism is used as a political theory. The process of conducting research begins with analytical problem-solving and ends with writing an executive policy. The main problem of the research is to write executive policies in relation to the new China.The main research question is:How should the policy of developing relations with China be based on the political theory of realism?"The main goal of the research:Describing how to make policies for the relationship with the new China, relying on the capability of Iran in the Asian region.The socio-cultural situation of Iran and China and the international environment have been explained in this research as effective variables on the policy making of the relationship with the new China. The documentary research method is used and the researcher collects information by exploratory study . The important innovation of the research is the emphasis on executive capabilities instead of projecting subjective concepts.By doing this research, the void of theoretical foundations will be solved andExecutive policies are also written to develop relations with China. Manuscript profile
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  9 - Economic and Military Take off of China and its Security Impact on Islamic Republic of Iran
  محمدعلی بصیری معصومه رشید
  Abstract Islamic Republic of Iran and China can be considered as revisionist state in current international system. Economic and commercial relations between the two have prepared the ground for close and friendly relations. In the question of nuclear program of Iran a More

  Abstract Islamic Republic of Iran and China can be considered as revisionist state in current international system. Economic and commercial relations between the two have prepared the ground for close and friendly relations. In the question of nuclear program of Iran and Syrian crisis both the countries have had similar stand. What will be the security consequences of the rise of China as a stronger power than the United States for Islamic Republic of Iran? The present article wants to examine the consequences of this event within the framework of Barry Buzan security approach. The Underlying assumption is; that after the rise of China as a stronger power than the United States the international system undergoes change and the United States no longer be able to dominate or put pressure on Iran or jeopardize Iran's security. The methodology used by the article is descriptive-analytical and collection of data is library sources.   Manuscript profile
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  10 - The Development Orientation of China and its political Repercussions
  Mohammad Reza Rostami Javad Zeraatpayma
  The People’s Republic of China، after the passage of three decades of Maoist revolution changed its macro-economic، political and ideological orientations. The aim of the above changes was the survival of communist party in China and promotion of its power and inf More

  The People’s Republic of China، after the passage of three decades of Maoist revolution changed its macro-economic، political and ideological orientations. The aim of the above changes was the survival of communist party in China and promotion of its power and influence outside. This turn in policies which included improvement of relationship with West and neighbouring countries and attraction of foreign investment and technology was conspicuous and decisive، especially in the field of economy and it led to a rapid economic development of China. The economic development strategy of China was pursued by renouncing many socialist values and socialist economy principles and it strengthened the values and principles of free market. Although this economic development has promoted the international status of China but it has led to internal challenges in political arena especially in the long term. As the tangible achievements of development policies yields fruit these challenges show themselves. Thus there is a need for a reform or a change in the political structure and these changes are among the most important challenges for China. Manuscript profile
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  11 - The Possible Crises in the United States Relations with China
  Hamed Mohagheghnia Jahanbakhsh Moradi
  The foreign relations of countries always depend on a set of intentions, objectives, interests, interpretations and interactions which are the outcome of decision making centre in internal structures and international limitations and its repercussions are also seen in d More

  The foreign relations of countries always depend on a set of intentions, objectives, interests, interpretations and interactions which are the outcome of decision making centre in internal structures and international limitations and its repercussions are also seen in domestic and external sphere. The bilateral relations of the United States and China are not an exception to this rule. The United States and China expanded their relations from 1971. They had a successful record in interaction with each other in many field especially in economic field but this does not mean that there are no differences between the two. There are always threat and danger of tension and crisis in relations of the two world powers. The most important possible crises in relations of the United States and China are the problem of Taiwan and also the presence of the United States of other powers in sphere of influence of China and the ensuing tensions in that direction. Manuscript profile
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  12 - The Role of Public Opinion in Changing Iran's Strategy in the Belt and Road Initiative and Turning Politics to the East
  Ali Shabani Seyed Mohammad Kazem Sajjadpour Hassan Khodaverdi Karamollah Daneshfard
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  13 - Political Economy of China's New Silk Road And Iran's Interdependence
  sepideh mohammadi mokhtar Salehi
  The New Silk Road Initiative, as a China's development model and project, has absorbed and involved many countries and governmental and non-governmental organizations across the world to cooperate with that. This project intends to expand the cooperation between the con More

  The New Silk Road Initiative, as a China's development model and project, has absorbed and involved many countries and governmental and non-governmental organizations across the world to cooperate with that. This project intends to expand the cooperation between the continents and creates the necessary infrastructure of the regional and global cooperation based on economic, political and cultural dimensions. Iran could have an important role in this project because of its geo-strategic and geo-economic position. The main question of this research is that what effects does this strategy have on Iran's development and its relation with china? Hypothetically, it seems that due to the Iran's look to the east and its economic and political prospects, the relation of both countries is going to be expanded towards Interdependence although it is predicted that this cooperation might be asymmetrical in favor of china's grand strategy. The viewpoint of this Paper is Based on Interdependence theory. Methodically, the research design is descriptive and analytical. According to the research findings, in the absence of an appropriate strategy in the way Iran cooperates with China, the nature of this plan may change from the level of symmetric interdependence to asymmetric interdependence in the interests of China. Manuscript profile
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  14 - The Themes Network Of Iranians' Attitudes Toward China's New Silk Road: A Case Study of the Comprehensive Iran-China Cooperation Program
  Reza Azizi امیر محمد Haji-Yousefi
  The Themes Network of Iranians' Attitudes Toward China's New Silk Road is the subject of this study, Which was studied from the perspective of published analyzes of the 25-year comprehensive informal cooperation plan between Iran and China in the Iranian political space More

  The Themes Network of Iranians' Attitudes Toward China's New Silk Road is the subject of this study, Which was studied from the perspective of published analyzes of the 25-year comprehensive informal cooperation plan between Iran and China in the Iranian political space from early July 2020 to late September 2020. The statistical population of this study was all Internet sources related to this issue in Iran. After reviewing the sources extracted from the database, data consisting of notes, interviews and conversations, as well as analysis related to the Iranian media, 60 sources were considered as samples. The reliability of the results was 0/901 using the Holstie method. In this article, by studying this program and using the method of thematic analysis and the process of doing it manually and using Nvivo software, the themes of the Iranian view of China's New Silk Road have been discovered and drawn. The results of this study show that Iran's view of China's New Silk Road can be divided into two global and completely contradictory themes: the global theme of "Eastern interdependence" with 16 basic themes and three organizing themes and the global theme of "Eastern dependence" With 16 basic themes and five organizing themes. Manuscript profile
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  15 - The legitimacy of the Nine-Dash line of the 2009 China Declaration in the South China Sea
  seyed fakhrodin mokhtari mohammad ali solhchi mansour pournouri
  Abstract:China issued a map to the UN Secretary-General announced the drawing of a Nine Dash Line in the South China Sea, In 2009. This Nine-Dash Line cover's all the main islands of the South China Sea. Also, the method of delimitation with this Nine-Dash Line is such More

  Abstract:China issued a map to the UN Secretary-General announced the drawing of a Nine Dash Line in the South China Sea, In 2009. This Nine-Dash Line cover's all the main islands of the South China Sea. Also, the method of delimitation with this Nine-Dash Line is such that it interferes with the Exclusive Economic Zones and the Continental Shelf of other neighbors. This way of drawing lines was not reformed even with China's accession to the Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982). The Philippines as the most affected and protesting country, Claims incompatibility of China's Nine-Dash Line with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982) and considered all Chinese actions contrary to its obligations under this convention. According to this Convention and aimed at resolving disputes, The Philippines submitted its bill and petition to the Arbitral Tribunal pursuant to Annex 7 of the Convention. The summary conclusion of this study is that although the delimitation of borders, including maritime borders, is unilaterally practical in principle, a country cannot introduce itself as a coastal country outside the scope of international law and in areas that overlap with other coastal countries, to draw border lines unilaterally, and it is assumed that the Nine-Dash line drawn by China has no legitimate justification. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and relying on library resources. Manuscript profile
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  16 - Feasibility of realizing the goals of the 25-year Cooperation Document between Iran and China
  Mahdi Torabi Alireza Soltani Seyed Ali Tabatabaeepanah Hamid Reza Shirzad
  Iran and China as two important and influential countries in the international system, have common interests and goals to expand cooperation in various fields. China's various capabilities, especially in the political and economic fields, have made this country an impor More

  Iran and China as two important and influential countries in the international system, have common interests and goals to expand cooperation in various fields. China's various capabilities, especially in the political and economic fields, have made this country an important activist in the field of international politics.The signing of the 25-year comprehensive cooperation document between Iran and China in April 2021 has been met with a lot of positive and negative opinions. Considering the recent regional developments, the China-US dispute, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), the acceptance of Iran's official membership in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the effects and consequences of the spread of the Corona virus and the changes in global value chains and the direction of investments, the power structure in the system. The international community will most likely change in the next few years, and in this regard, adopting a suitable strategy in relations with China is one of the most important goals and priorities of Iran's foreign policy.In fact, in the era of complex interdependence, China has a high capacity and ability to strengthen the current development process in Iran, and therefore, in the upcoming article, we are seeking to find out the fields and requirements of achieving the goals of the comprehensive document of 25 years of cooperation between Iran and China from a political and economic point of view, executive and development-oriented within the framework of the theory of complex interdependence to investigate and feasibility. Manuscript profile
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  17 - Analyzing the consequences of the evolution of the concept of security on China's foreign policy strategy in relation to the Islamic Republic of Iran
  mahdi salami mashallah heidarpour
  The evolution of the concept of security after the collapse of the bipolar system in international relations has left a wide impact on the whole of China's foreign policy towards other countries. Based on this, it is necessary to conduct research in the field of an More

  The evolution of the concept of security after the collapse of the bipolar system in international relations has left a wide impact on the whole of China's foreign policy towards other countries. Based on this, it is necessary to conduct research in the field of analyzing the consequences of the evolution of the concept of security on China's foreign policy strategy in against the countries of the Persian Gulf region and especially Iran. The main goal of this research is to answer the question that what effects did the evolution of the concept of security have on China's foreign policy approach towards the Islamic Republic of Iran? The transition from one-dimensional military security to sustainable multi-dimensional security has caused China to pay attention to many dimensions of security such as economic, political, cultural, energy, military and defense security of this country in relation to the Islamic Republic of Iran and foreign policy. China has undergone extensive changes and transformations in relation to Iran, and the text of this article deals with the research of its influential components. The data collection of this article is based on the library method and the use of documents and sources. It is virtual and the research method of this research is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile
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  18 - Transition to Hybrid Balancing in China’s Foreign Policy toward the United States
  Abdolmajid Seifi
  China is the most important great power that has posed a fundamental challenge to the position of the United States in the post-Cold War era. China's significant economic growth and becoming the second largest economy in the world, significant progress in the mili More

  China is the most important great power that has posed a fundamental challenge to the position of the United States in the post-Cold War era. China's significant economic growth and becoming the second largest economy in the world, significant progress in the military and space fields, and the expansion of influence in different regions of the world have strengthened the prospect of expanding this challenge. In the base of grand strategy of offshore balancing, on the one hand, the United States has been trying to buck pass part of the responsibility of containing China to the states that have the desire and ability to contain China, and on the other hand, it is doing straight balancing. Straight balancing of the United States is in the form of a hybrid war. The complexity and multidimensionality of the US approach in this hybrid war has caused China's response to this war to have multiple dimensions, which can be elaborated as a hybrid balancing approach. From this point of view, the main question of this research is that what is China's strategy to deal with the hybrid war of the United States? In response, the present article claims that China's response to the United States' hybrid war is based on hybrid balancing, which takes place in the three dimensions of political, economic, and informational balancing. The present research was done by using descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile
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  19 - China's New Silk Road Initiative (Aims, obstacles and challenges)
  Bahram Amirahmadiyan Roohollah Salehi Dolatabad
  Abstract Today, Asia as a continent is faced with new developments and plans in order to meet the goals of different actors in different regions of the continent. China is one of the emerging players who plan to become a global power, has proposed the revival of the Sil More

  Abstract Today, Asia as a continent is faced with new developments and plans in order to meet the goals of different actors in different regions of the continent. China is one of the emerging players who plan to become a global power, has proposed the revival of the Silk Road initiative. Silk Road is one of China's foreign policy initiatives for expanding their influence to other areas. The plan, which almost covers an area of 4.4 billion people 65% of the world's population and 21 trillion of global GDP in total. The initiative was announced by President of China in September 2013 and the two economic belt “New Silk Road" (One road and one belt) and "Marine silk road" has been formed. Effort and dedication of China to promote such huge projects apart from the economic and political consequences could be serious for the country in the lead, also could be the formation of China's ambitious new foreign policy to expand more and trying to play a regional role. Manuscript profile
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  20 - The Survey of Chinese Government Role in the Development of This Country
  Mahnaz Godarzi Hamid Derakhshande
  Understanding development trends in countries that have succeeded in achieving this important Theoretical and Applied great value for policy makers and elites in developing countries. Among the successful countries in achieving development, no doubt China has been a suc More

  Understanding development trends in countries that have succeeded in achieving this important Theoretical and Applied great value for policy makers and elites in developing countries. Among the successful countries in achieving development, no doubt China has been a success on the road to development. The first and most important factor in the success of the country, there is a developmental state. The government, through the elite development-oriented, efficient bureaucracy and its nationalist nationalism, was able to design and implement appropriate policies and rational, Policies that were designed with the purpose of development and industrialization. The success of the pro-development efforts developmental state and administrative system. The aim of this paper is to examine the developmental state of China's development goals that are politically oriented Showed that the function of the driving force behind the development of this country songs and strategies pursued within state structures.   Manuscript profile