List of Articles Behnam Kamkar

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  1 - A comparison of cardinal temperatures between haloxyfop R methyl ester- resistant and susceptible winter wild oat (Avena ludoviciana Durieu.) biotypes
  Saeid Hassanpour Bourkheili Javid Gherekhloo Behnam Kamkar S. Sanaz Rameznpour
  Evolution of resistance in weeds leads to induction of fitness cost. Five winter wild oat biotypes resistant to haloxyfop R methyl ester collected from Kalaleh Township located in Golestan province were evaluated along with the susceptible biotype in terms of variation More

  Evolution of resistance in weeds leads to induction of fitness cost. Five winter wild oat biotypes resistant to haloxyfop R methyl ester collected from Kalaleh Township located in Golestan province were evaluated along with the susceptible biotype in terms of variation in cardinal temperatures in the following study. The experiment was conducted at laboratories of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources as completely randomized design with 4 replications each consisting of 25 seeds. Petri dishes containing seeds were incubated and monitored continuously at temperatures 5-40 °C (at 5°C intervals) following a 72 hours vernalization at 4°C. Non-linear regression models were used to quantify germination response to temperature. No notable difference was observed among winter wild oat biotypes and beta model at 50 percentile was the most suitable model to describe cardinal temperatures. Base, optimum and ceiling temperatures were estimated between -4.21 to -5.91, 23.37-23.94 and 36.99-37.54 °C, respectively. Thermal tolerance range of susceptible and resistant biotypes were not significantly different. Susceptible and resistant biotypes showed similar response. Lack of fitness cost regarding cardinal temperatures demonstrates that similar non-chemical management practices including early sowing may be implemented to control resistant and susceptible biotypes germination and emergence. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Identification of Phalaris brachystachys Link. resistance to haloxyfop-R-methyl herbicide from fields of Golestan province
  Sajedeh Golmohammadzadeh, Javid Gherekhloo Antonia Rojano-Delgado Maria Osuna Behnam Kamkar Farshid Ghaderi-Far Rafael de Prado
  In order to investigate the resistance of Phalaris brachystachys Link. to haloxyfop-R-methyl herbicide, a test was conducted at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in 2017. Experimental treatments included 36 biotypes of P. brachystachys sus More

  In order to investigate the resistance of Phalaris brachystachys Link. to haloxyfop-R-methyl herbicide, a test was conducted at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in 2017. Experimental treatments included 36 biotypes of P. brachystachys suspected resistance and one susceptible biotype which were collected from wheat fields in Golestan province. The experiments included determination of discriminating concentration, screening all biotypes with discriminating concentration, concentration-response and dose-response tests for resistant biotypes. In the seed bioassay, after determining the discriminating concentration and screening all biotypes, a range of herbicide concentrations were applied. In the dose-response test, the response of P. brachystachys biotypes in a range of doses from 0.25 to 8 times the recommended dose herbicide was investigated. The resistance factor obtained of whole plant assay was 2 to 4. Also, there was a high correlation between resistance factor obtained from whole plant and seed bioassay methods (87%). Checking the distribution map of resistant biotypes indicated that these biotypes were not uniform in the wheat fields of Golestan province. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Investigating Management Factors affecting Weed Biodiversity Indices and yield of Wheat Field in Chenaran township Using CART Decision Tree
  setayesh kheradmand Behnam Kamkar javid gherekhloo mohammad hasan hadizadeh ghorbanali rasam
  Investigation on Management Factors affecting Weed Biodiversity Indices and yield of Wheat in Chenaran Township (Iran) Using CART Decision TreeAbstractIn order to study the effect of field management methods and environmental factors on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yiel More

  Investigation on Management Factors affecting Weed Biodiversity Indices and yield of Wheat in Chenaran Township (Iran) Using CART Decision TreeAbstractIn order to study the effect of field management methods and environmental factors on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield, weed control, weeds in two consecutive years were studied in 200 farms of 20 villages located in four directions of Chenaran Township, Iran. For this purpose, sampling was carried out using (w) method with a 0.25 m 2 quadrate. Weed species were identified and their number per square meter was determined. Then, the Shannon-Weiner Index and Simpson Equilibrium Index were calculated for biodiversity measurement. Quantitative and qualitative management factors were prepared in the form of farmers' questionnaire. For this purpose, all informations on agronomic management including land area, farmers' history, seedbed preparation and weed control were recorded the forms of a questionnaire during the growing season. At the end of the growing season, the actual yield obtained by the farmers was recorded. The analysis using Classification and Regression Trees (CART) method showed that among different parameters, the agricultural experience, number of dual purpose herbicides (herbicides which control both grasses and broad leaf weeds), nitrogen, potassium, summer planting last two recent years before centrifugal wheat seed planting, farmer age, the Shannon-Weiner and Simpson indices had significant changes. The most important management factors affecting wheat yield were splitting of fertilizer, the number of dual purpose herbicides and fertilizer, as well as rotation and educational levels. The results of this study showed that the appropriate amount of potassium and nitrogen fertilizer and selection of suitable alternatives are effective management strategies to improve wheat yield and increase biodiversity in Chenaran area.Key words: Simpson index, Shannon-Weiner index Manuscript profile
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  4 - Spatial and temporal assessment of weeds biodiversity in wheat agroecosystems of Bandar-e-Torkeman county, Golestan province
  Maral Neyazmoradi Hossein Kazemi Javid Gherekhloo Afshin Soltani Behnam Kamkar
  This research was conducted to study of diversity and weed population structure of wheat agroecosystems of Bandar-e-Torkeman county in 2018-2019 year. Diversity indices such as Shannon-Wiener and Simpson for fields and frequency, relative frequency, relative uniformity More

  This research was conducted to study of diversity and weed population structure of wheat agroecosystems of Bandar-e-Torkeman county in 2018-2019 year. Diversity indices such as Shannon-Wiener and Simpson for fields and frequency, relative frequency, relative uniformity and relative density indices for all weed species were calculated and measured in two time stages, before and after chemical treatment with herbicides. Obtained data from diversity indices were moved in the GIS media and weed species maps of wheat fields were prepared. In this study, we were identified 18 species from 9 plant families. The checking of plant species showed that 66.67% and 33.33% were belonged to annual and perennial, also, about 27.77% and 72.23% were narrow-leaved and broad-leaved, respectively. Gramineae species include Avena ludoviciana, Lolium temulentum, Phalaris minor, Alopecurus myosuroides and Polygon monspeliensis, Fabaceae species include Medicago scutellata, Polygonom avicular, Vicia villosa and Oxalis corniculata and Compositea species such as Helianthus annuus and Cirsium arvense, had about 27.77, 22.22 and 11.11 percent of the available plant species, that were recognized as the most important plant families in wheat fields of county, respectively. In this study, weed distribution maps in wheat fields of the county before and after chemical control were prepared in three frequency groups of 50-100, 30-50 and less than 30% and showed an almost uniform distribution of weeds in surveyed region. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Preparation of distribution maps and biodiversity assessment of weeds in canola agroecosystems using geographic information system (GIS) (Case study of Sorkhankalateh region, Gorgan County)
  Razeyeh Shahi Hossein Kazemi Behnam Kamkar Ahmad Nadimi Mohsen Hosseinalizadeh Hasan Yeganeh
  Awareness of the existence of specific weeds in an area can be better decided and planned about their control methods. Otherwise, applying different control methods will not have the desired effect. In this study, in order to identify and prepare maps of weed distributi More

  Awareness of the existence of specific weeds in an area can be better decided and planned about their control methods. Otherwise, applying different control methods will not have the desired effect. In this study, in order to identify and prepare maps of weed distribution in canola fields of Sorkhankalateh region of Gorgan county, 50 fields were selected and sampled based on W pattern in two stages. Then, using current formulas, frequency, relative frequency, species uniformity and biodiversity indices were calculated. We were recorded the geographical coordinates and altitude of the sampling location by a GPS, Garmin touch model for each field. The obtained information was processed using Arc GIS software (var. 10.3) and the distribution maps of all weeds in canola fields were prepared. The results showed that 41 weed species (20 species in the pre-spraying stage and 21 species in the post-spraying stage) from 14 plant families were present in surveyed fields of Sorkhankalateh region, which Poaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Brassicaceae and Polygonaceae were the most important plant family. In the pre-spraying stage, the share of annual, perennial and biennial species was 75, 15 and 10%, and in the post-spraying stage, their share was as 66.66, 23.80 and 9.52, respectively. In terms of growth form, in the pre- and post-spraying stages, 8 and 76.19% species were belonged to dicotyledonous and 20 and 23.80% were as monocotyledonous, respectively. According to the results of biodiversity indices, weeds in the post-spraying stage had more diversity than the pre-spraying stage. Also, the results related to weed distribution maps showed that most of the dominant weeds were distributed in the Eastern and southern parts of the studied region. Manuscript profile