Weed Research Journal: 1 (1)

Open Access Article

1 - Interaction between Nicosulfuron dose and timing on Johnson grass and maize competition indices
Fatemeh Eynollahi Mostafa Oveisi Hamid Rahimian Mashhadi

Chemical weed control is a main component of management programs of crop productions. Timely herbicide application significantly increases herbicide efficiency. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of Nicosulfuron timing and dose on S. halepense competit More

Chemical weed control is a main component of management programs of crop productions. Timely herbicide application significantly increases herbicide efficiency. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of Nicosulfuron timing and dose on S. halepense competition with maize. Experiment was split-plot in three replications. Main plots were herbicide dose of 0, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 kg/ha and sub plots were herbicide timings of 2-4 l, 4-6 l, 6-8 l of maize growth. Growth parameters of maize including height, leaf area (LA) and total biomass (TB) were measured. Results showed, the highest height, LA and TB were obtained from Nicosulfuron application at 1.5 Kg/ha in 2-4 l of maize and no significant difference was shown to herbicide recommended dose or higher. With delay in herbicide application, the height and TB of S. halepense increased and its competition with maize got raised. It caused decrease in maize growth indices. Current study showed main effect of herbicide dose in changing weed-crop interactions. Successful management would change competition in advantage to crops using lower herbicide doses to achieve both economic and environmental purposes in sustainable crop protection. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The investigation of Allelopathic potential of 70 wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars on germination and seedling growth of volunteer canola (Brassica napus)
Narges Mohamadi Elias Soltani Mostafa Oveisi Hossein Ramshini

Allelopathic effects of plant can be one of the best ways to reduce the applying of herbicides which are high costly to register and have environmental effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the allelopathic effects of wheat cultivars and to identi More

Allelopathic effects of plant can be one of the best ways to reduce the applying of herbicides which are high costly to register and have environmental effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the allelopathic effects of wheat cultivars and to identify the ability of them to control weeds. a field and laboratory experiment was conducted in Research Farm and Seed Technology laboratory of Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, during 2015-16. Seeds of 70 wheat cultivars were sown at 600 square meters of Research Farm and samples were taken for bioassay at the tillering stage. To separate the impact of allelopathic extract and osmotic potential of the extracts, different solutions were made with the same osmotic potential for each extract. Then, experiments simultaneously were conducted to investigate the effects of extract and osmotic potential on germination of canola. The results of separations of allelopathic and osmotic potential effects of extractions showed that the inhibition of canola germination is related to allelopathic effects and not osmotic potential of extraction (PEG). Results indicated that allelopathic effects of wheat cultivars had slightly increased during the releasing period of cultivars from 1940 until now, but this increase was not significant. This shows that breeders had not attention to allelopathy of wheat cultivars during breeding programs. Results indicated that there were some cultivars with high allelopathy and it is possible to include them in breeding programs to produce cultivars with high potential of weeds control. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The Effect of Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Mycorrhiza and Chemical Fertilizer on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Soybean (Glycine max L. cultivar Katoul) in Condition of Presence and Absence of Weeds
Bahram Parsa Hamid Abbasdokht Ahmad Gholami Abolfazl Faraji

In order to evaluate the competition of weeds with Soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivar Katoul along with the comparison of the effects of application of biological and chemical fertilizers separately and simultaneously, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete More

In order to evaluate the competition of weeds with Soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivar Katoul along with the comparison of the effects of application of biological and chemical fertilizers separately and simultaneously, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications in a field in Ali Abad Katoul was carried out during the 2015-2016. Treatments were included weed management at two levels (weedy check and weed free), the use of bio-fertilizer at four levels (non-usage as control group, seed inoculation by Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteria, seed inoculation by Mycorrhizae fungi (Glomus mosseae) and Co-inoculation of Mycorrhizae and Rhizobium), and the use of nitrogen fertilizer (pure nitrogen from urea fertilizer) at three levels (non-usage as control group, 25 and 50 kg/ha). The results showed that among photosynthetic pigments just chlorophyll a were affected by weed treatment and chlorophyll b and carotenoids were not affected, but all of them affected by biological and chemical treatments. Additionally interaction of weeds and biological fertilizers influenced plant phosphorus content and the highest content of phosphorus (0.48%) was related to weed control treatment and co-inoculation of bacteria and fungi and the least amount (0.19%) was related to weed infested and control group of biological fertilizer. Leaf potassium content was affected by triple interaction of weeds, biological fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. The results of the analysis of variance showed that oil and protein content was affected by weed and biological fertilizer treatments and chemical fertilizer treatment only affects protein content of the seed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Apple orchard weeds management by grasses perennial cover crops
بتول صمدانی hekmat Esfandiyari

Planting permanent cover crops is an eco-friendly approach for reducing weed problems without use of chemical. In order to study effect of perennial cover crop, in comparison with annual cover crops, on weed control and weed community structure this research was conduct More

Planting permanent cover crops is an eco-friendly approach for reducing weed problems without use of chemical. In order to study effect of perennial cover crop, in comparison with annual cover crops, on weed control and weed community structure this research was conducted in an apple orchard interrows for 2 yr in Gazvin province. Treatments were: Festuca ovina, Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perene, Bromus inermis with replant and without replant, Secale cereal and control (without weed control). In the first spring, perennial cover crops and S. cereal reduced weeds dry weight 70 and 100%, respectively, and in the second spring perennial cover crops in average and S. cereal reduced weeds dry weight 58 and 94%, respectively. In the second year Bromus inermis and Festuca ovina reduced weeds dry weight 10 and 30% more than other perennial cover crops. Replant needed for establishment of perennial cover crops. Cover crops treatments had effect on weed community structure, as weed composition in the end of second year in Bromus inermis and Festuca arundinacea was different from control. However, weed composition in Lolium perene and F. ovina was same as control. Perennial cover crops can be an effective weed management in organic orchards. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The effect of mixing herbicides of clodinafop-propargyl and sulfosulfuron in wheat, wild oat (Avena ludoviciana Dur.) little seed canary grass (Phalaris minor Retz.)
sahar Akhoondi javid gherekhloo naser bagherani Afshin Soltani

The accurate application of herbicides for selective and economic control of weeds without harming the environment and crops is one of the most important successes in modern agriculture. To investigate the additive, synergism and or antagonism effect of clodinafop-propa More

The accurate application of herbicides for selective and economic control of weeds without harming the environment and crops is one of the most important successes in modern agriculture. To investigate the additive, synergism and or antagonism effect of clodinafop-propargyl and sulfosulfuron tank mixture on wheat winter wild oat and little seed canary grass weeds using isobole curves, a series of experiments were conducted at the greenhouse of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources based on completely randomized design with 3 replicates. Herbicides were applied at 8 rates of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1, 2 X of recommended dose and tank mixture ratios of (0:100), (25:75), (50:50, (25:75), (100:0). Log-logistic function for dry weight of plants was fitted against differential doses of herbicides for each mixture and the dose required to inhibit 50% growth (GR50) was estimated. Then, isobole curves were used to determine the effect of clodinafop-propargyl and sulfosulfuron mixtures. The results showed that the rates of clodinafop-propargyl and sulfosulfuron required for 50% reduction in winter wild oat and little seed canary grass growth were 0.437 and 1.719, and 0.312 and 0.952 recommended dose of this herbicides. GR50 increased as sulfosulfuron rates increased. The mixture of clodinafop-propargyl and sulfosulfuron at recommended dose had no effect on wheat. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - A look at the phenomenon of weed resistance to herbicides; from theory to exploitation
behroz khalil tahmasebi mohammad taghi alebrahim rasool fakari Eskandar Zand Rafael de Prado Ami&aacute;n

Although the problem of water scarcity has prevented the increase of area under cultivation, the population growth has led to an increase in production demand. On the other hand, a phenomenon called "resistant weed" has caused concern about the diminished chemical contr More

Although the problem of water scarcity has prevented the increase of area under cultivation, the population growth has led to an increase in production demand. On the other hand, a phenomenon called "resistant weed" has caused concern about the diminished chemical control and consequently reduced production. The evolution and widespread distribution of herbicide-resistant weeds and their management is a challenge for crop producers and land managers. This issue requires more attention to the problem of resistance. In 2011, 372 species of herbicide-resistant biotypes were confirmed globally, reaching 479 species in 2017. By having 7 and 5 biotypes resistant to ACCase and ALS groups, Iran is respectively the 4th and 10th riskiest countries of the world. Today, the most important causes of increasing resistant biotypes in our country can be considered as special attention to the sulfonylureas family of herbicides (ALS), lack of proper training to inform farmers about the consequences of spreading of herbicide-resistant plants and their management practices. In this regard, the first and most important step in the management of herbicide-resistant plants is identification and confirmation of the resistant species. One of the most important aspects of this action is the lack of imposing surplus costs on farmers, providing appropriate management strategies to prevent the emergence and spreading of resistant weeds, and also benefiting from this natural strategy for the production of herbicide resistant plants in the future. Manuscript profile

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