The shape species response along ecological gradients has important implications for both continuum theory and community analysis. The main objective of this study was investigation on the response of the A. littoralis species to some environmental gradients In the two Exclusion and grazer range . The sampling method was randomized-systematic. In the area sampled, presence of the A. littoralis species, was recorded. Soil samples were taken from 0-20 cm in each quadrates. In each sample , bulk density, soil moisture, pH, N, EC, P, organic carbon, the percentage of sand, silt and clay were measured. . Sampling of soil and vegetation was carried out along 100-meter transects in two Exclusion areas and under grazing area. The data were analyzed by R ver.3.0.2 and Spss computer programs . The results showed that the ecological niche and optimum along moisture gradient for A. littoralis species has been recorded 52-42 percent and 44.7 percent respectively. The ecological optimum for S. turcomanica species in relation
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