Natural Ecosystems of Iran: 1 (1)

Open Access Article

1 - Determining the status of tree and shrub type in irano-torani region (Case Study: Beik Poolad Watershed)
zahara azizi hamodollah sadeghi afshin hajimirzaei

Understanding the vegetation cover of the each region is foundation of ecological studies and environmental planning. This study aimed to identify the type of tree and shrubs were conducted in the region of Big Pooled in North Kherson. In this regard first, forest regio More

Understanding the vegetation cover of the each region is foundation of ecological studies and environmental planning. This study aimed to identify the type of tree and shrubs were conducted in the region of Big Pooled in North Kherson. In this regard first, forest region map and shrub lands area were prepared using the visual interpretation with IRS-P6 satellite images and vector layers on base google earth. The tree or shrub layer cover components were separated by density classes. Therefore for identified to each Polygon using the dominant type at least half a hectare by referring to area and field visit. To improve the accuracy of perceptions about the area of each Polygon, on vector map of the areas covered by trees and shrubs were designed a systematic random sample include of 65 transect. The information that was collected includes the type and ground operations cover for each species on the samples and for the assessment final correct data type named, using this information. In this study, 25 species of trees and shrubs were identified in 35 types. The type identified species means species that have appeared as the first or second species, was formed including 11 types of Jonpierus, 7 type of Acer, 9 type of Paliurus Spina-christi and Berberis with 2 types. The highest density class was in juniper type and juniper with associated species was in the 50-75% class. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Hazard Assessment Of Groundwater Resourses Degradation Using a Proposed Model And Geographical Information System (GIS) In Jahrom Township
Parviz Jokar Masoud Masoudi

Groundwater is an important source of water supply in arid and semi-arid areas. In order to optimal management of water resources, maintain and improve the quality and quantity of the location, amount and distribution of water data in a defined geographical area is requ More

Groundwater is an important source of water supply in arid and semi-arid areas. In order to optimal management of water resources, maintain and improve the quality and quantity of the location, amount and distribution of water data in a defined geographical area is required and necessary. The subject of this paper is assessing both qualitative and quantitative risk using the modified IMDPA model and geographical information system (GIS) in Jahrom Township. The purpose of this study is prepared a suitable zonation and vulnerability map of qualitative and quantitative status of groundwater in order to determine the areas with higher risk. The used parameters for qualitative and quantitative risk are included EC, CL, SAR and water table decline, respectively. The results of this study indicate that the Lowering of Water Table (quantitative status) in 40% of the plains is at severe and very severe hazard classes. The quality status of about 56% of the plains is at severe and very severe hazard classes. Overall, about 31% of the plains are in a state of severe and very severe hazard classes of ground water resources degradation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Sustainable Tourism Development Strategy in West Azerbaijan province
behroz sobhani vahid safariyan

امروزه گردشگری فراتر از یک صنعت، به پدیده ای اجتماعی- اقتصادی در سطح جهانی تبدیل شده است. استان آذربایجان غربی یکی از مراکز جذب گردشگر در سطح ملی و بین‌المللی در کشور به حساب می‌آید. این استان به دلیل همجواری با دریاچه ارومیه، همسایگی با چند کشور، هر ساله میزبان تعدادی More

امروزه گردشگری فراتر از یک صنعت، به پدیده ای اجتماعی- اقتصادی در سطح جهانی تبدیل شده است. استان آذربایجان غربی یکی از مراکز جذب گردشگر در سطح ملی و بین‌المللی در کشور به حساب می‌آید. این استان به دلیل همجواری با دریاچه ارومیه، همسایگی با چند کشور، هر ساله میزبان تعدادی زیادی از گردشگران داخلی و خارجی است. علاوه بر این، این استان دارای آب و هوای مناسب و پتانسیل‌های طبیعی با ارزشی است که تاکنون از ظرفیت مناسب خود درحد استاندارد نتوانسته گردشگر جذب نماید. در این پژوهش با استفاده از فاکتورهای متعدد با بررسی معیارهای اصلی، فرعی و گزینه های مهم گردشگری استان با روش‌های SWOT و AHP مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان‌دهنده آن است که براساس شاخص SWOT وجود چشم‌اندازهای طبیعی با امتیاز 6/4 و جاذبه‌های تاریخی با امتیار 3/4 جزو نقاط قوت و کمبود امکانات بهداشتی با امتیاز 37/0 و کمبود پارکینگ با امتیاز 36/0 جزو نقاط ضعف شناخته شدند. با بررسی روش AHP مشخص شد که شاخص‌های دما با مجموع وزنی 356/2 ، رطوبت نسبی با مجموع وزنی 546/1 و چشم‌انداز‌های طبیعی با مجمع وزنی 986/0 مهم‌ترین معیارها در جذب گردشگری استان آذربایجان‌غربی می‌باشند. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Autecology of pasture species Galium verum Martyrs Valley West Azarbaijan Province
reza ahmadkhani Ali Ariapour

In this study the ecology of individual species, Galium verum, according to regional climates, martyrs valley West Azarbaijan Province during the years 2010-2011 were reviewed. A systematic random sampling method in three height classes 1600-1400, 1800-1600, 1800 < m More

In this study the ecology of individual species, Galium verum, according to regional climates, martyrs valley West Azarbaijan Province during the years 2010-2011 were reviewed. A systematic random sampling method in three height classes 1600-1400, 1800-1600, 1800 < meters above sea level and the geographic North, Northeast, East and West were studied. In this study various factors using analysis of variance and Duncan tests and specifications related to the slope and elevation using topographic maps field survey and GIS software and data were extracted. Results showed that the habitat of this species in the altitude range of 1400 to 1800 meters and the range is expanding ultracold species in semi-arid climate. Ruteh Formation limestone area and the largest distribution of this species in soils with pH 2/7% lime and 20% sand, 10% phosphorus, soil electrical conductivity, respectively, 12% to 32%, 42/0 to 44/0 dB Siemens is m. The highest density, canopy cover and dry in the north, longitude and elevation class 1600-1400 slopes less than 50 degrees, respectively. Plant roots penetrate to a depth of 50 cm and seed viability rate is 92%. After this step is so depressed. Autumn generally begins in late October and most of the second half of November, lasts until late autumn, winter, sleep is the beginning. Evaluation of chemical compounds found in different phonological stages of plant nitrogen and phosphorus decreases with increasing altitude. The maximum amount of nitrogen, potassium and plant protein elevation in the active growth phase, and the lowest value was obtained at flowering and seeding. Preference value and distribution of this species due to the high value for the slope and different heights can be attempted artificial cultivation in rangelands. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Dependence Analysis of local Communities on Medicinal and Edible Plants Harvesting in Sardasht Customary Region in Lordegan Township
Beytollah Mahmoudi fatemeh eshaghi milasi

For the long time plant products in terms of food, medicinal and economic have been used by human. rural household obviate adjust part of the health need, food and their livelihood through the operation of the plants. In this study, the type and amount of medicinal and More

For the long time plant products in terms of food, medicinal and economic have been used by human. rural household obviate adjust part of the health need, food and their livelihood through the operation of the plants. In this study, the type and amount of medicinal and edible plants harvesting in Sardasht customary region in Lordegan township of Charmahal-O-Bakhtiari state is analyzing. The approach that used in this research is descriptive and quantitative analysis using semi-structured interviews. In this regard, a questionnaire with propositions which include the amount of provision, use, sale and income from harvesting the medicinal and edible plants, was used. The result of this study showed that 21 plant species used by villagers in this area that 7 kind of them are used for medicinal purpose and 14 kind of them for edible purpose. The results showed that the annual harvesting of medicinal and edible plants equal to 48.50 kg for any household that of this amount 12.32 kg is for sale, and annually provides 4025881 riyals for each household. Also according to the results obtained there is significant correlation between the harvesting of this plants and socio- economic indicator such as age, education, occupation, family, housing, income, expenses, agriculture and the number of livestock. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Comparison of different classification algorithms in Landsat OLI imagery to produce land use maps (Case study: Beheshte Gomshode region)
mohammad kazemi ahmad nohegar Mirdad Mirdadi

All necessary information from the remote sensing technology basics and accurate classification of satellite images. Land use mapping is one of the key factors in studies of environment and natural resources management. Mapping land use is often one of the most expensiv More

All necessary information from the remote sensing technology basics and accurate classification of satellite images. Land use mapping is one of the key factors in studies of environment and natural resources management. Mapping land use is often one of the most expensive parts of natural resources and environmental projects. Satellite data is one of the fastest and most cost-effective methods for mapping land use that is available for researchers. In recent years, researchers from the different methods of classification algorithms land use maps have been produced using this data. This study investigated the ability of 8 common algorithms for land use mapping by Beheshte Gomshodeh in Fars province Using data from the Landsat OLI sensor is 2015. The results showed that the ML and SVM classification by 98.98 and 98.73% overall accuracy factor and 98.41 and 98.09% kappa coefficient is better than other methods, respectively. The accuracy of the order of priority 8 that is, Maximum likelihood, Support Vector Mashine, Mahalanobis distance, Spectral information divergence, Spectral angle mapper, Minimum distance from the mean, binary code and parallel piped. Method of maximum likelihood classification with98.83 was the highest confidence in level of 1 percent confidence interval. All the research results of this study can be using the correct classification. Land use maps can be extracted with higher accuracy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The effect of grassland conversion to the other agricultural uses on some soil physicochemical properties (Case Study: Watershed Basin of Amameh)
Mohammad Pichand

The change of rangeland to agricultural lands has serious effects on the amount of soil organic matter and physico- chemical characteristics. This study was conducted to investigating the effects of rangeland conversion into agricultural land use on soil properties in A More

The change of rangeland to agricultural lands has serious effects on the amount of soil organic matter and physico- chemical characteristics. This study was conducted to investigating the effects of rangeland conversion into agricultural land use on soil properties in Amameh watershed (Tehran province). Four land use types were selected including rangeland, fallow, orchard and agricultural lands. Soil sampling was carried out as random systematic method (three repeat for each land use) from 0-30 cm depths. Some soil properties such as pH, electrical conductivity, calcium carbonate, sodium, Saturation, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, carbon and gravel were measured. Statistical analysis were also performed on the data and the results showed that changing land use from rangeland to agricultural lands, fallow and orchard did not show any significant changes on pH, Mg and Na; whereas electrical conductivity, gravel, calcium carbonate, Saturation, carbon, potassium and phosphorus showed significant changes due to the land use change. The results revealed that by changing land use from rangeland to other use types the amounts of calcium carbonate, phosphorous, potassium and gravel have decreased, more obviously in fallow and agricultural lands. In addition, soil carbon increased, this was due to land-use conversion from rangeland to orchard and agriculture. Moreover, electrical conductivity, Saturation, potassium, phosphorus and carbon in the orchard were significantly higher than the other land uses. Generally, results of this study showed that changing land use had significant effect on the soil properties. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Monitoring of land use / cover changes using change drastically, degree of dynamic and post classification comparison
mohammad zare teimur teimurian mohammad Hasan Jouri

Earth is one of the primary sources of natural that by land use is transformed. Land use is a natural process and it cannot be stopped but it can be controlled. Population increase and urbanization growth are one of the most important challenges of land use management. More

Earth is one of the primary sources of natural that by land use is transformed. Land use is a natural process and it cannot be stopped but it can be controlled. Population increase and urbanization growth are one of the most important challenges of land use management. Land use mapping and checking the trend of change is one of the most essential information needed for manage natural resources. In this study, for mapping land use changes in Nour city were used of Landsat TM images relating to the years 1986, 2000 and 2013 during a period of 28 years. In this study, the maximum likelihood method and GIS was used to classify images. As well as to evaluate the intensity and trend of land use changes, post classification comparison, of, severity index and dynamics degree index methods were used for changes monitoring in land use. Results showed the greatest changes of land use in Nour region is related to the conversion of cropland class to urban class, so that the changes trend for forest and agriculture lands use has been negative and for residential land use has been positive and extent of the residential areas has been increased Fivefold from 1986 to 2013 as the maximum changes in the suburb. Manuscript profile

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