Natural Ecosystems of Iran: 4 (3)

Open Access Article

1 - Presentation of Simulator-Optimizer Model of Ravansar-Sanjabi aquifer by Combining GMS Model and Billiards-Inspired Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm
A.G. Gerey Amirpouya Sarraf Hassan Ahmadi

In the present study, a groundwater simulator-optimizer model was used to determine the optimal operation policy of Ravansar-Sanjabi plain aquifer in Kermanshah province. The proposed model is a combination of GMS aquifer simulation model and Billiard-Inspired Multi-Obj More

In the present study, a groundwater simulator-optimizer model was used to determine the optimal operation policy of Ravansar-Sanjabi plain aquifer in Kermanshah province. The proposed model is a combination of GMS aquifer simulation model and Billiard-Inspired Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm (MOBOA) in MATLAB programming. First, the model was calibrated and validated to determine the hydrodynamic parameters of the aquifer. Then, by minimizing the three deficit objective functions comprises as the shortage affected by the failure to supply water demands, groundwater level drop and Modified Shortage Index (MSI), the model was implemented for a period of one year with 12 periods of monthly stress and the Pareto front was achieved. As one of Pareto optimal calculated responses, it can be observed that when groundwater level remains unchanged, 11.7 million cubic meters of demands will be in short supply and the amount of MSI will be 17.15. In order to specify the best option of operation policy, considering the socio-economic criteria as well as environmental consequences by the relevant officials, it is essential to select the suitable optimal response from the other Pareto optimal solutions and the corresponding withdrawal values will be determined. By studying the consequences of applying the proposed structure, it is worth noting that the proposed procedure has a high efficiency in determining the optimal aquifer strategy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Evaluation of fire effect on distribution of vegetation using ordination method, Case study: Bazzakhstan Strait in Kermanshah Province
saeideh karimi Hassan Pourbabaei Yahya Khodakarami

Fire is an inseparable part of most of the Zagros forest ecosystems, In order to investigate the effects of fire on the distribution of vegetation in part of Zagros forests, nine years after the fire in the early of the growing season of 2015, using a random-systematic More

Fire is an inseparable part of most of the Zagros forest ecosystems, In order to investigate the effects of fire on the distribution of vegetation in part of Zagros forests, nine years after the fire in the early of the growing season of 2015, using a random-systematic sampling method in each of the burned and control areas, 40 sampling plots with an area 8 m2 were taken .The type and percentage of herbaceous species were recorded using Van der Marel criterion. In this research, Detrended Corespondance Analysis method (DCA) was used to explore the distribution of species after the fire. The results of this study showed that most species are commonly encountered between burned and control areas, and only a few were limited to burned and control areas. In addition, the result of this analysis indicated that most species and sample plots are located in the center of the chart and in close proximity this indicates less alteration of the fire after nine years . According to the results, it can be stated that over time, many species have tended to their primary conditions in the environment. However, the fire can not be considered a safe factor to these forests, On the contrary, given the current situation and the importance of preserving and rehabilitation of the ecosystems in the Zagros forests, It is neccesary that in these forests a fire prevention and preventive policy be institutionalized through principled and rational solutions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Evaluation of ornamental ability of some Allium plants using two methods of principal component analysis and scoring of aesthetic characteristics (Case study: Summer rangelands of Noorrud watershed)
leila darvishi hossien barani mosa akbarloo hassan ghelichnia

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ornamental ability of Allium plants using two methods of principal component analysis and scoring their aesthetic characteristics in the summer pastures of Nourrood watershed.In order to determine the habitat of each of these sp More

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ornamental ability of Allium plants using two methods of principal component analysis and scoring their aesthetic characteristics in the summer pastures of Nourrood watershed.In order to determine the habitat of each of these species,5 to10 plant bases were determined and marked on the site. Then all phenological and morphological characteristics of these marked bases were measured and recorded.The experiment was performed based on a completely randomized design with8 treatments and 5replications. Treatments included8species of allium.To determinethe ornamental capacity of the studied species, cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used and important characteristics in terms of decoration suchas flowering stem height, inflorescence diameter, plant width,duration of flower on the plant And leaf area was examined.Based on thefirst and second components, which explained93.74%of the differences between the data, the relevant biplot was drawn Also, in another method,images of these plants were recorded using a camera at different angles and regarding their aesthetic value from three different statistical groups,including the community and indigenous people, experts in the fieldof flowers and ornamental plants and people of art and cyberspace.A questionnaire was conducted and a total of 264 questionnaires were prepared. Evaluation of ornamental abilities using the twomethods studied showed that A bodeanum, A akaka, elburzensis species with large inflorescence diameter and beautiful purple color and A ampeloprasum species due to their high height and long leaf and flower duration,Can be introduced as plants with good ornamental ability and can be planted in these areas Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Predicting the growth and development of Bandar-e-Gaz Town Using Fuzzy Cellular Automata (FCA)
دنیائی Donyaii

automated cell-based models (CAs) are defined based on two-value logic and in a non-flexible manner. Combining fuzzy logic with the classical cellular automata model makes it possible to model the uncertainty governing the urban development simulation process by definin More

automated cell-based models (CAs) are defined based on two-value logic and in a non-flexible manner. Combining fuzzy logic with the classical cellular automata model makes it possible to model the uncertainty governing the urban development simulation process by defining the transition rules using the degrees of fuzzy membership. This study presented the model of urban expansion based on the fuzzy cellular automata. The most effective indicators were first selected using the DEMATEL method. The weight of each indicator was then obtained using the Analytic Network Process (ANP). Three satellite images from 2012, 2014 and 2019 were used to simulate urban development in the study area (Bandar-e-Gaz Town) for the year 2100.After preprocessing; the images were classified for all three periods by the maximum likelihood method. The Kappa index was used to check the accuracy of the maps in two steps. The images of the base year were first classified and their accuracy was examined, and then the simulation of the images of the other years was performed and their accuracy again was examined. Since the degree of accuracy of the model was considered acceptable, the linear regression model and matrix of transition probabilities were used for simulation. The results of this study showed that the proposed model is acceptable so that it works better in urban simulation than the classical model of CA. Also, the growth and development of Bandar-e-Gaz town in different periods has been more in the eastern and western parts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Comparison of chemical compounds of Hymenocrater elegans bunge with other species Hymenocrater genus under different climates (Case study: altitude Baladeh Noor of Mazandaran)
Fatemeh Mirmohammadishektaei mohammad mahdavi Mohammad hasan Jouri

Beautiful Arvaneh flower has antioxidant, antifungal and antibacterial properties and has aromatic, fragrant essential oil and antimicrobial effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of this species in Baladeh Noor region of Mazandaran. More

Beautiful Arvaneh flower has antioxidant, antifungal and antibacterial properties and has aromatic, fragrant essential oil and antimicrobial effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of this species in Baladeh Noor region of Mazandaran. The plant aerial parts were collected at the flowering stage, It was then dried at room temperature, after that essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation method. Analysis of essential oil compounds was performed using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatograph connected to mass spectrometer (GC / MS). The results showed that the highest essential oils percentages were Tetramethyl tricycle (27.49%), Acetaldehyde Ethanal (21.64%), Butenamide (21.47%), Ethylamine (20.34%), Methanonaphthalene (18.23%) and Labda (12.25%), Cyclopropane, 1-bromo (7.74%).According to this the study results and previous studies on Hymenocrater elegans bunge species and other species related to the same genus, it can be said that the characteristics of different plant species, even from one species and one genus, change the composition of essential oils extracted from them. it is suggested to pay more attention to these factors in order to make optimal use of medicinal plants and better extract active ingredients Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Comparison of carbon sequestration in natural coniferous and deciduous stands (Case study: Marzanabad-Chalous)
Ali Sheykhoeslami Naermin Hoseini

Rising greenhouse gases have led to climate change and global warming, which is one of the major challenges in the discussion of sustainable development and has had detrimental effects on human life on Earth. Carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems, such as fores More

Rising greenhouse gases have led to climate change and global warming, which is one of the major challenges in the discussion of sustainable development and has had detrimental effects on human life on Earth. Carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems, such as forests, is the simplest and most economically viable solution to reduce atmospheric carbon. This study is carried out in needles, pure mulberry leaves and broadleaf mixed in Hassanabad Chalous region and the amount of carbon deposited in biomass (leaves and branches), soil (at two depths of 0-15 and 15-30 cm) and litter were estimated. The results showed that the amount of carbon sequestration in each of the needle, leaf and broadleaf masses was 57.184 and 30.222 tons per hectare, respectively, whose economic value was calculated as $ 11437 and 60445 per hectare, respectively. The results showed that the amount of carbon sequestration in each of the needle-leaf and broadleaf stands was 57.184 and 30.222 tons per hectare, respectively, and its economic value was calculated as $ 11437 and 60445 per hectare, respectively. The values of diameter equal to breast, height, and cross-sectional area equal to breast, trunk volume, and canopy volume were also significantly higher in the pure mass of Zarbin than the broadleaf mass. Also, the results of stepwise regression showed that nitrogen and soil saturation moisture content were the most important factors affecting soil organic carbon. Manuscript profile

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