Design and Development of a serious computerized musical serious game to improve the components of attention in both auditory and visual aspects of children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: A case study
Subject Areas : Psychologyreyhaneh panahifar 1 , zohreh rafezi 2 , Hossein Eskandari 3
1 - Master of General Psychology, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Professor, Department of Psychology, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, auditory attention, Hyperactive child, musical serious game,
Abstract :
The aim of this study was to design and develop a computerized musical serious game to improve the attention components in both auditory and visual aspects of children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. First, based on the research background and experts' opinion, the content of the game was designed, compiled and validated. Then, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the game, a one-case exploratory method was used. For this purpose, a child with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder was selected for the intervention and his attention span was assessed in 5 components of attention: selective attention, focused attention, continuous attention, intermittent attention and divided attention into auditory and visual aspects using the computer attention test (IVA-2), before intervention and after intervention (playing a serious game). Designed for 2 weeks (one hour daily). The results of the study of the effectiveness of serious game showed the improvement of the two components of selective attention and focused attention in the auditory and visual aspects of the child with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, but improved other components of attention such as continuous attention, Intermittent and divided attention appeared only in the auditory aspect. In addition, the findings of this study showed that the serious game has a more significant and positive effect on the components of auditory attention than the components of visual attention (P <0.05).
Bediou, B., Adams, D., M., Mayer, R., E., Tipton, E., Green, C., S., & Bavelier, D. (2018). Meta- analysis of action video game impact on perceptual, attentional, and conitive skills. Psychological Bulletin, 144(1), 77-110.
Beigi, F., & Rasti, J. (2017). Design and implementation of a software package to enhance attention. Third National Conference on Computer Games, Opportunities and Challenges.
Bul, K. C.M., Doove, L. L., Franken, I., H., Der ood, S. V., Kato, P. M., & Maras, A.(2018). A serious game for children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Who benefits the most?. PLOS ONE, doi.org/10.1371/Journal. pone.0193681, 1-18.
Bul, K. C.M., Kato, P. M., Der oord, S. V., Dankaerts, M., Vreeke, L. J., Willems, A., van Oers, H. J., Heuvel, V. D., Birnie, D., Amelsvoort, T., A., V., Franken, I. H., & Maras, A. (2016). Behavioral Outcome Effect of Serious Gaming as an Adjunct to Treeatment for Children with Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medial Internet Research.doi: 10.2196/jmir.5173/ 18(2):e26.
Dlgun,O. B. (2018). Music Therapy in ADHD and Autism, Journal of Humanities And Social (23)7, 90-96.
Ebrahimpour, M., Niakan, R., & Abbasi K. Z. (2017). A comparative study of the effectiveness of active and inactive music therapy on increasing the attention span of hyperactive children. The Third National Conference on Modern Studies and Research in the Field of Educational Sciences and Psychology in Qom.
Emadifar, F., & Gorji, Y.. (2017). The effectiveness of attention training on attention control, focused attention and scattered attention of female students with test anxiety. Child Mental Health Quarterly, Volume 4, Number 1, pp. 67-77.
Eslami N, M., Namazizadeh, M., & Aslankhani, M. A. (2019). The effect of attention games and cognitive rehabilitation on attention and cognitive functions of hyperactive children. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 201-208.
Gachkova, M., & Smova, E. (2016). Game- based approach in e-learnining. University of Plovdidiv" Paisii Hilendarski", 143-152.
Hafezi, A., Yarmohammadian, A., & Ghamrani, A. (2019). Psychological approaches to various types of attention in religious and spiritual education of children. Two Scientific and Research Quarterly of Islamic Education, No. 28, pp. 159-173.
Ismaili, L., & Bahramipour, M. (2017). The effectiveness of cognitive-based computer games on cognitive abilities, creativity and behavioral self-regulation of students aged 12-12. . The first national conference on digital game research, trends, technologies and applications.
Issa Nejad Bushehri, S., Dadashpour Ahangar, M., Ashouri, J., & Dasht-e Bozorgi, Z. (2016). The effect of computer games on sustained attention and working memory of elementary school boys with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.
Karimi, L. S., Hosseini, S., E., Afrazizadeh, S. F., & Niazmand, H. (2018). The effectiveness of music therapy based on Orf Sholurk method on reducing the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Shiraz students. Third Conference on Empowerment of Cultural and Social Skills of Society.
Kasuya, Y.,U. , Zhao, S., & Toichi, M. (2020). The effect of music intervention on attention in children: experimental evidence.Frontiers In Neuroscience, doi: 10.3389/ finins.2020.00757.
Keilow, M., Holm, A., & Fallesen, P. (2018). Medical treatment of attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and childrens academic performance. PLOS ONE, doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0207905, 1-17.
Mohammadzadeh, A., & Sajjadi, E. (2018). The effect of music on cognitive functions and speech comprehension: A review article. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 235-243.
Mousavi, F., & Merati Fashi, Z. (2016). Treatment of children with ADHD. The first national conference on new education in the Iranian educational system. Islamic Azad University, Ardakan Branch.
Nazemzadegan, G. H., & Eider, R. (2015). The effect of inner and outer attention training with / without motivational music on dynamic balance task performance. Development and motor-sports learning Volume 7, Number 3, Fall.
Nejati, V., Barzegar, B., & Pourgoldoz, P. (2013). The evolution of sustainable attention in a sample of Iranian children. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Science and Rehabilitation, Second Volume.
Nouri Moghadam, S., Rasoulzadeh Tabatabai, K., Ghorbani, N., Moradi, A., Sehat, A. (2017), The effectiveness of awareness training package on the level of attention of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Journal of Applied Psychological Research, 123 (1) 9.
Pesantez, d., A., Cardenas, M., V., Avil, L., M., & Cardenas, L., V. (2018). Conceptual model for derius games design: case study of children with attention deficit hyperactivety disorder modelo conceptual parael diseno serious game. Knowledge, doi: 10.18502/keg.v3i9.3646.
Rashidi, H., & Izzy, M., Delavarian, F., & Rostami Nejad, M. A. (2015). Serious games and constructive educational design: A case study of "My City". First National Conference on Computer Games, Opportunities and Challenges, Isfahan. 9 p.
Redondo, P., G., Garcia, T., Areces, D., Nunez, J., C., & Rodriguez, C.(2019). Serius games and their effect improving attention in student with learning disabilities. International Journal of Environmemtal Research and Public Health, doi: 10.3390/ijerph16142480,1-12.
Rogerio, L., & Carrer, J. (2015). Music and Sound in time processing of children with ADHD. Frontiers in psychiatry, (6)127, 1-7. Doi 10.3389/ fpsyt. 2015. 00127.
Sachs, M., Kaplan, J., Sarkissian, A. D., & Habibi, A. (2017). Increased engagement of the cognitive control network associated with music training in children during an FMRI Stroop task. PLOS ONE 12(10).e0187254, doi.org/10.1371/ Journal.pone. 0187254, 1-27.
Shaik, R., Kumari, K. P., & Basha, S. A. (2015). Multi disciplinary approach in treating a girl child diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactive disorder and opposition deficit hyper active disorder and oppositional defiant disorder: A case report. International Journal of Physiotherapy, 2 (4). 652-657.
Shah Mohammadi, M. Entesarfooti, G. H., Hejazi, M., & Asadzadeh, H. (2019). The effect of cognitive rehabilitation exercise program on nonverbal intelligence, attention and concentration, and academic performance of students with learning disabilities. Child Mental Health Quarterly, Volume 6, Number 2, pp. 93-106.
Shamsi, A. H., Qamrani, A., & Siadatian, S. H. (2018). Meta-analysis of the effect of computer game-based cognitive rehabilitation on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Fourth National Conference and Second International Conference "Computer Games, Opportunities and Challenges".
Sidanloo, T., & Bagherpour, M. (2017). The effect of music application on improving the reading and writing performance of students with learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, Volume 7, Number 2 / 54-40, 40- 115.
Torabi makhsus, S., Rahmanian, M., Farrokhzad, P., & Alibazi, H. (2016). Comparison of the effectiveness of individual play therapy and play therapy with family therapy on reducing behavioral problems in children with ADHD. Bi-Quarterly Journal of Applied Consulting, 23-36, 5(2).
Wu, C., & Shih, Y. (2019). The effects of background music on the work attention performance between musicians and non- musicians. International Journal of Occupation Safety and Ergonomics. Doi.org/ 10.1080/ 10803548. 2018. 1558854, (28), Issue 2, 1-5.
Zaire, M., & Taheri, F. (2018). The effect of purposeful computer games on attention span in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Proceedings of the National Conference of Children with Special Needs.
Zeinali, A., Souri, A., & Ashuri, J. (2016). The effect of computer games on the ability to concentrate and organize students with attention deficit disorder. Scientific, Research Journal of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Volume 24, Number 102, pp. 88-98.
Zhou, R., Xia, R., Shen, H., Yongli, X.Y., & Xu, Z.J. (2015). Diagnosis of children s attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its association with cytomegalovirus infection with ADHD: a historical review. Int J Clin Wxp Med, 8(8):13969-13975.
_||_