List of articles (by subject) Mystic Literatur
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Open Access Article
1 - Allegorical Images in Maghamat al-Gholoob; An Analysis Based on the Views of Paul Nwyia
Manizheh Poolādi Amir Hossein Hemmati Atā Mohmmad RādmaneshIn mystical texts, abstract concepts are explained by using the referential language and literary possibilities of language, such as allegory. The main purpose of allegory is to teach the holy traveler (sālek) to go through the stages of mystical journey (suluk) and to MoreIn mystical texts, abstract concepts are explained by using the referential language and literary possibilities of language, such as allegory. The main purpose of allegory is to teach the holy traveler (sālek) to go through the stages of mystical journey (suluk) and to reach perfection. The use of allegorical language in mysticism is attributed to Abul-Hassan Nouri. After briefly referring to the background and function of allegory, in the present study, by using the method of analyzing of information and the library resources, the content and theme of Maghamat al-Gholoob (Authorities of Hearts), by Abul-Hassan Nouri, have been studied and types of allegory such as Quranic allegories, metaphors and allegorical similes have been analyzed based on the views of Paul Nwyia. The findings show that the mysticial stations and principles, in their most abstract form, are presented in this treatise. Non-narrative allegory, along with metaphor, allegories, and allegorical additions, are among the most frequent types of allegory in Maghamat al-Gholoob. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The Wise Fools (Uqalā al-Majānin) and Sufis; A Study Based on the Views of Ibn Arabi and Ayn al-Quzat
Ali Rahimi Hatef Siahkoohian Jamshid sadriIn mystical texts, the abrogation of Islamic Laws by wise fools (Uqalā al-majānin) is one of the most frequent issues that has been interpreted in various ways. By using descriptive- analytic method, the present article attempts to explain the theoretical approaches of MoreIn mystical texts, the abrogation of Islamic Laws by wise fools (Uqalā al-majānin) is one of the most frequent issues that has been interpreted in various ways. By using descriptive- analytic method, the present article attempts to explain the theoretical approaches of Sufis about the abrogation of the Islamic Laws by wise fools and to recognize the causes of it from their point of view. An attempt is made to answer these questions: In mystical anthropology, which human faculty is related to Islamic Laws? If the intellectual faculty declines, is there any other faculty related to these Laws? Considering the fact that the wise fools have a kind of intellect, can they be considered as obligated to enforce Islamic Laws like other wise men? The findings of the study show that the Sufis believe that the wise fools receive Divine inspirations and experience a state of intoxication and these spiritual modes justify their behavior. According to some Sufi theories, the decline of intellect and consequently the abrogation of Islamic Laws is a gift from God; and some Sufis consider the intoxication state of a wise fool as constant praying. The aim of the research is to study the reasons for the abrogation of Islamic Laws by wise fools from the point of view of Sufis, especially Ibn Arabi and Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Hypertextuality in the Selected Anecdotes of Asrar Nama; An Analysis
zeinab rezapour Maryam ZamaniExamining the interaction between texts is one of the ways to know texts accurately; hypertextuality is an approach to text reading that shows relationships between texts in a systematic way. Most of the anecdotes of Asrar Nama (composed by Attār of Nishapur) have their MoreExamining the interaction between texts is one of the ways to know texts accurately; hypertextuality is an approach to text reading that shows relationships between texts in a systematic way. Most of the anecdotes of Asrar Nama (composed by Attār of Nishapur) have their roots in previous works, but they have been changed and reproduced in this book very thoughtfully and purposefully. By using analytical-comparative method and based on Gérard Genette’s theory of hypertextuality, the present article attempts to investigate the relationship between the Asrar Nama and its subtexts. The findings of the research show that Attar uses subtexts in the form of explicit and implicit intertextual relationship in order to validate the narrative and confirm the content. The most type of hypertextual relationship between Asrar Nama and its subtexts is trigonomy or homogeneity in a quantitative transformation and pragmatic transformation methods. Processes such as transformation of motivation, transformation of value, qualitative transformation, amplification, expansion, cutting and summarizing the text lead to change the discourse of the stories, to highlight the content, to add fictional elements, to turn the text from a report mode into a narrative mode, to devalue or value the characters of the anecdotes and to adjust the goals in the Attār's narration. Hypertextuality in Asrar Nama is interpretive; it has played an effective role in explaining Attar's mystical views, expanding the themes, and symbolizing the anecdotes that are monosemantically and superficially narrated in the sources of Asrar Nama. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Gnostic Elements in the Mystical System of Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani
Ebrahim Ranjbar Babak SavdagarAccording to the followers of Gnosticism, this school refers to the ideas and methods that are needed to achieve the most certain and supreme kind of knowledge, and consequently, to acquire true happiness and purification of the soul through intuition and illumination. MoreAccording to the followers of Gnosticism, this school refers to the ideas and methods that are needed to achieve the most certain and supreme kind of knowledge, and consequently, to acquire true happiness and purification of the soul through intuition and illumination. The school has been popular among many ethnic groups since ancient times and has influenced Islamic-Iranian mysticism over the centuries. Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani is also influenced by the teachings of Gnosticism. Using the analytical - comparative method, the present article first states the characteristics of the Gnostic school and then compare them with the views of Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani. The purpose is to explain and illustrate the common points of Gnostic beliefs and his mystical principles. The common points are as follows: belief in the duality of light-darkness, trust in intuitive knowledge instead of acquired knowledge, believing that the being is a mystery, belief in esotericism, emphasis on self-knowledge to achieve true knowledge, belief in the originality of the spiritual world as opposed to the physical world and finally belief in Homo Deus or “perfect man”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Sama and Kathak: A Comparative Study
AZADEH RAHMANE jamshid jalali sheyjani Mahmudreza Esfandiyari Sama in Qadiriyya (the Sufi path) and Kathak in Hinduism are the most well-known dances. Both are intertwined with religious beliefs and consider dancing as one of the ways to communicate with spiritual world. In addition to the aesthetic aspects, ritual dances ha More Sama in Qadiriyya (the Sufi path) and Kathak in Hinduism are the most well-known dances. Both are intertwined with religious beliefs and consider dancing as one of the ways to communicate with spiritual world. In addition to the aesthetic aspects, ritual dances have mystical, religious and narrative meanings that have evolved over time. According to the views of Qadiriyya sect, the mystic tries to communicate with the supernatural world during the Sama. Using the analytical-comparative method, the present article describes the similarities and differences between the two types of dances and shows the influence of Qadiriyya and Hinduism on each other on this issue. The findings show that despite the ritual and religious differences, there are common structures in the two dances. Kathak dance, as performed in Hindu temples, is rooted in the worship of the Creator and in some aspects of form and content is similar to Sama. Kathak seems to have been influenced by the Qadiriyya's Sama and underwent changes during the reigns of the Delhi kings and the Mongol emperors, through cultural ties between Islam and Hinduism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Humorous Features of Abu Said Abul-Khayr ; An Analysis Based on Asrār al-Tawhid and His States and Words
Mohamad reza movahedi masoud moazami goodarzi In the present article, we have investigated and analyzed motivations and reasons for satirical speech and humorous behavior of Abu Said Abul-Khayr, a prominent mystical figure; and by using the method of content analysis, we have studied the effect of his moral a More In the present article, we have investigated and analyzed motivations and reasons for satirical speech and humorous behavior of Abu Said Abul-Khayr, a prominent mystical figure; and by using the method of content analysis, we have studied the effect of his moral and mystical characteristics on his satirical speech and humorous behavior. The main aspect of Abu Said's humorous personality is his improvisation and his dominance over verbal games. The findings of the research show that the most important aspects of Abu Said's satires can be analyzed in thirteen categories. The three cases of 1. improvisation and dominance over verbal games, 2. humor of the situation or practical teaching of mysticism based on humor 3. avoiding selfishness and egoism, constitute more than 60% of his satirical motives. The topics discussed in this research are as follows: Abu Said's inherent sense of humor; the issue of people liking him because of his humor; humor as a marker of his mystical, moral, and social characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Comparative analysis of the points of view of Christian Bobin, and Sohrawardi in Ontologie of Creation
Massumeh Ahmadi Sedigheh Sherkat MoghadamMythological views about creation describe the way man thinks about existence and creation; they often try to remove the ambiguity from the stage before creation and creation. In his literary-mystical works, Christian Bobin has dealt with the ontology of creation, somet MoreMythological views about creation describe the way man thinks about existence and creation; they often try to remove the ambiguity from the stage before creation and creation. In his literary-mystical works, Christian Bobin has dealt with the ontology of creation, sometimes in a descriptive way, and sometimes with a literary and metaphorical language. His views on the system of existence are significantly similar to Suhrawardi's views on the “controlling lights” (al-anwar al-ghahirah) and “managing lights” (al-anwar al-mudabbirah). Bobin also considers transcendental factors such as divine light and angels, along other factors, to be effective in the creation and guidance of Nature. The present article tries to deeply read Boban's literary-mystical works and to better understand his worldview in accordance with Suhrawardi's philosophy of illumination (ishrāq). The result of the research indicates that Christian Bobin, based on a kind of illuminational self-knowledge and with a poetic-mystical appraoch, believes the myth of creation is in a continuous and permanent relationship with the "face of God". His view is similar to the Quranic view that every day God is engaged in some work (Kulla Yawmin Huwa Fī Shanin, Quran: 55:29). In his works, the myth of creation refers to a chain-like and eternal birth of "being" which is associated with luminous eternity. Like Suhrawardi, Bobin sees light as the basis of "being" and the cause of its continuity; his view is a kind of quasi-illuminational view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Influence of Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani on Mohammad Nassir-a-din Makki Hosseini, Regarding Their Epistemological Views in Tamhīdāt and Bahr al-Maani
Kazem Asghary Somayyeh KhādemiMohammad Nassir-a-din Makki Hosseini in his book Bahr al-Maani (The Sea of Meanings) pays considerable attention to epistemological issues. The purpose of the present article is to explain his the epistemological views and to examine the influence of Ayn al-Quzat Hamada MoreMohammad Nassir-a-din Makki Hosseini in his book Bahr al-Maani (The Sea of Meanings) pays considerable attention to epistemological issues. The purpose of the present article is to explain his the epistemological views and to examine the influence of Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani's Tamhīdāt on his ideas. This study has been done by using descriptive-analytical method and based on library resources. The findings show that Mohammad Makki not only in content, but also in words and phrases, has been influenced by the epistemological views of Ayn al-Quzat. Both mystics have distinguished between inward knowledge and outward knowledge, and have considered outward knowledge as the divine knowledge that mystics receive it due to their degree of unshakable faith in God. According to both of them, man can attain divine knowledge through self-knowledge and the knowing of the prophet Muhammad; but knowing the divine essence is not possible and one can only know about divine names, attributes and acts. They speak of the existence of an obstacle (hejab) in knowing God and believe that this obstacle will not be completely removed; and for some reasons such as content, human limitations and religious limitations, the inability of the audience to understand the concepts and the issue of confidentiality, the divine teachings are inexpressible. These topics are covered in more detail in Bahr al-Maani than in Tamhīdāt. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Taboo-Breaking in the Story of Sheikh Sanān; An Analysis Based on Jung's Theory
Mohammad Ahi Elyas GhaderiTaboo (meaning prohibited and forbidden) refers to things that have limits and follow certain rules and should not be broken under any circumstances, and if they are broken, the person and her/his relatives will suffer negative and harmful consequences. The present stud MoreTaboo (meaning prohibited and forbidden) refers to things that have limits and follow certain rules and should not be broken under any circumstances, and if they are broken, the person and her/his relatives will suffer negative and harmful consequences. The present study, by using analytic-descriptive method and library sources, examines the examples of taboo-breaking in the story of Sheikh Sanān from the mystical book of Attār of Nishapur, Mantiq-ut-Tayr. In the article, the taboos are divided into two categories: Islamic and Christian taboos, and each of them has been analyzed according to the relevant religion. The main question is, given the character of Sheikh Sanān, why are taboos broken? The answer of the question is given based on the psychology of Jung and according to the principles of Islam and Christianity. Carl Gustav Jung believes that the incompatible and negative features are the result of the function of the shadow archetype. Therefore, the reason for breaking the taboos by the protagonists - Sheikh Sanān and the Christian girl - is the result of the action of the shadow archetype. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Analysis of the Verses and Narrations of the First Book of Masnavi Manavi Based on Harold Bloom's Theory of Creative Misprision
alieh youseffam Masoume Kazemi NezhadCreative misprision is a theory proposed by Harold Bloom based on intertextuality and the relationships between literary texts and their influence on each other. The theory posits that there is always a conflict between poets and writers of the past and the succeeding o MoreCreative misprision is a theory proposed by Harold Bloom based on intertextuality and the relationships between literary texts and their influence on each other. The theory posits that there is always a conflict between poets and writers of the past and the succeeding ones. In his most important work, The Anxiety of Influence, Bloom emphasizes the two-way but hostile relationship between new writers and past ones. To get rid of the anxiety of influence of the past texts, poets and writers use methods through creative misprision to create new works in an attempt to show their own superiority to their predecessors. In the present research, we analyze the transformations that Jalāl al-Din Rūmi has applied in order to get rid of the anxiety of the influence of past texts , and to study the role of Bloom's creative misprision in Masnavi by using analytical-comparative method. The findings show that Rumi's creative method in the creation of stories and anecdotes to get rid of the influence of past texts is an instance of the creative misprision. For this purpose, he has employed a variety of techniques such as association, using educational, religious and philosophical themes, changing the elements of the stories, and symbolism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Attār of Nishapur's Mantiq-u-Tayr and Orhan Pamuk's The Black Book: A Comparative Study
Samira Jamali Ghotolou Nasser Alizadeh Khayat Arash MoshfeghiOrhan Pamuk, the well-known Turkish novelist, has created some of his works under the influence of Iranian literature and in accordance with the patterns found in the masterpieces of classical Persian literature. In The Black Book, one of Pamuk's novels, modern Western MoreOrhan Pamuk, the well-known Turkish novelist, has created some of his works under the influence of Iranian literature and in accordance with the patterns found in the masterpieces of classical Persian literature. In The Black Book, one of Pamuk's novels, modern Western storytelling methods are combined with ancient stories and anecdotes of Eastern literature, including Persian literature. In the novel, Pamuk has paid special attention to Attār of Nishapur's Mantiq-u-Tayr and has tried to match his work with the symbolic patterns in Mantiq-u-Tayr. He has taken advantage of the content of Mantiq-u-Tayr and used it as a structural support for his work, and by creating special narrative situations, he has tried to represent the mystical paths in his novel. The present article, by analytical-comparative method, examines the way Pamuk benefits from Attar's ideas and how he was influenced by the Mantiq-u-Tayr. The findings show that the mystical, allegorical and narrative capacities of Mantiq-u-Tayr and The Black Book are similar in different ways. In his novel, Pamuk provides a semantic representation of the mystical concepts of Mantiq-u-Tayr, and refers directly to its stories, especially the story of the birds' journey to Mount Qaf; also, the mention of some common proper names in both books clearly shows that there is a deep intertextual relationship between the two works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Examples of Theory of Well-being in Hafez's Ghazals Based on Seligman's Positive Psychology
maryam Safari Mohammad Ali Gozashti shirin kooshki Ashraf ShibaniaghdamMartin Seligman's theory of well-being focuses on positive emotion, engagement, relationship, meaning, and achievement (PERMA) to assess prosperity. The six virtues of wisdom/knowledge, courage, humanity, justice, temperance, and transcendence and twenty-four chara MoreMartin Seligman's theory of well-being focuses on positive emotion, engagement, relationship, meaning, and achievement (PERMA) to assess prosperity. The six virtues of wisdom/knowledge, courage, humanity, justice, temperance, and transcendence and twenty-four character strengths form its foundation. The aim of the current research is to study comparatively the indicators of Seligman's well-being theory in Hafez's ghazals using analytical-descriptive method. The research findings indicate that both literary and mystical works and positive psychology share common goals. These goals include finding satisfaction from the past, harboring hope for the future, and obtaining happiness in the present, all with the aim of personal growth and flourishing. Hafez's worldview, influenced by the conditions of his time, emphasizes the significance of happiness and love as essential elements in healing humanity. Consequently, his message transcends time and location, remaining relevant across different eras. Throughout Hafez's ghazals, the elements of Seligman's well-being theory manifest themselves, further emphasizing their compatibility. This interdisciplinary research provides a platform for comparing Hafez's and Seligman's perspectives on happiness. Manuscript profile -
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13 - The Conceptual Metaphor of Love in the Story of Sheikh Sanān
omid vahdanifar safoora entezariIn the present research, with a linguistic approach, we examine the conceptual metaphor of love in the story of Sheikh Sanān from the mystical book of Attār of Nishapur, Mantiq-ut-Tayr, taking into account the theory of George Lakoff and Mark Johnson. For this purpose, MoreIn the present research, with a linguistic approach, we examine the conceptual metaphor of love in the story of Sheikh Sanān from the mystical book of Attār of Nishapur, Mantiq-ut-Tayr, taking into account the theory of George Lakoff and Mark Johnson. For this purpose, we have divided the story into three periods of sharia (law), tariqat (mystical way) and truth, and in order to understand the abstract concepts of love, we have analyzed all three periods by using analytical-comparative method. Also, based on the conceptual metaphor of love, some examples of the verses of the story have been examined. The findings of the research show that Attār has used various conceptual metaphors to represent love in the story of Sheikh Sanān. The micro-metaphors used in the surface structure of the story have a basic substructure called "mystical love" that gives them coherence. In terms of frequency, the macro-metaphors of the story are placed in three categories: ontological, orientational and structural metaphors. If we pay attention to the metaphors in the story, it becomes clear that the macro-metaphor "God is love" is the most central metaphor and all micro-metaphors have played a role in the evolution of this macro-metaphor. Manuscript profile -
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14 - The Layered Semiotics of "Alast" in Masnavi Manavi
Masoud Ruhani Ahmad Ghanipour Malekshāh Nasrin ShahbaziSemiotics aims to uncover the conventions that give rise to meaning and assigns each word as a sign based on the concepts of the signifier and the signified, as well as signification. This research examines the word "Alast" ("Am I not your Lord?" Quran:7/172) in Masnavi MoreSemiotics aims to uncover the conventions that give rise to meaning and assigns each word as a sign based on the concepts of the signifier and the signified, as well as signification. This research examines the word "Alast" ("Am I not your Lord?" Quran:7/172) in Masnavi Manavi using an analytical-descriptive method and relies on layered semiotics. As an abstract sign, the word carries various meanings. Jalāl-al Din Rumi, like other Quranic words, has undergone semantic evolution and has created innovative interpretations within its context. Whenever he refers to the word, he establishes specific semantic links with a particular concept. This article investigates these specific semantic connections. The research results indicate that Rumi has employed this word in semantic fields with a unique artistic function. By mastering the mystical, philosophical, historical, and psychological content, and most importantly, the Quran and Hadiths, Rumi has effectively expressed profound content through this word. His intention was not merely to use the word as rhetoric. Manuscript profile -
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15 - The Nostalgia of the Soul in "The Hymn of the Pearl" and "Exiled in the West"; A Comparative Study
nasrin vakilian FATEMEH LAJEVARDI ABOLGHASEM ESMAILPOUR MOTLAGH Belief in the descent of the soul to the material realm and its return to its higher state and homeland is the core of the teachings of the Gnostic School as well as Islamic mysticism. This belief is manifested in two allegorical stories: “The Hymn of the Pe More Belief in the descent of the soul to the material realm and its return to its higher state and homeland is the core of the teachings of the Gnostic School as well as Islamic mysticism. This belief is manifested in two allegorical stories: “The Hymn of the Pearl” and “Exiled in the West: The Mystical Narration of Shihab Al-Din Suhrawardi's Recital of the Occidental Exile” The former is a reflection of Gnostic epistemological thoughts and the latter being an expression of Suhrawardi's intellectual-philosophical system. By a comparative analytical approach and using library method, the present article tires to decipher these two stories to depict the basic worldviews of Gnosticism and Suhrawardi through these two treatises, to reread the commonalities and differences between them, and in this way, achieve achievements by comparing and intertextually examining the two stories. Despite the great intellectual differences between these two worldviews, the findings of the research show many commonalities. Among the common themes of two stories, we can refer to spiritual nostalgia, East-West worldview, the presence of an old man and a spiritual guide, being informant, as well as the symbolic and mythological structure of both stories. Themes such as the return and the second birth, the Divine intervention in all things, and the non-dualistic worldview, that are referred in Exiled in the West, are the differences between the two stories. Manuscript profile -
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16 - The Strategy of Moving away from People; A Comparative Study Based on the Views of Jalāl-a-Din Rūmi and Karen Horney
Shahram Mahmoodi Ebrahim Danesh Faramarz JalalatMany of our psychological sufferings are rooted in the way our parents treated us in our childhood. Neo-Freudian psychologist, Karen Horney established the theory of neurosis on the basis of the psychological sufferings and their consequences. Horney believes that a neu MoreMany of our psychological sufferings are rooted in the way our parents treated us in our childhood. Neo-Freudian psychologist, Karen Horney established the theory of neurosis on the basis of the psychological sufferings and their consequences. Horney believes that a neurotic person resorts to "moving toward people" (compliance), "moving against people" (aggression) and "moving away from people" (withdrawal), but these mechanisms are a temporary relief and may lead to the patient's discomfort. Jalāl-a-Din Rūmi, as a mystic who closely monitored the behavior of different classes of people, relying on Islamic knowledge and teachings, has presented solutions for the treatment of neuroticism, which have similarities with Horney's defense mechanisms. The present article, by using analytical-comparative method, examines the different manifestations of "moving away from people" in Masnavi Manavi. The results show that neurotic withdrawal has more manifestations in the behavior of characters of Masnavi. Also, Rūmi attaches great importance to dialogue in the process of human evolution, and considers "moving away from people" as permissible if there is no possibility of dialogue. He considers several types of withdrawal such as mystical, social and neurotic, and considers neurotic withdrawal as a result of factors such as ignorance, jealousy, hatred, lack of understanding of the causes of human differences and lack of mutual understanding. Manuscript profile -
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17 - The Spiritual Journey of the Mystic and the Force Schema in Masnavi Manavi and Nazm-as-suluk; A Comparative Study
Khadijeh Bahrami RahnamaThe force schema is one of the important components in cognitive linguistics that forms the basis of metaphor. Mark Johnson outlines seven types of force schemas which can be used to examine the stages of spiritual journey (suluk) in mystical texts. The present article, MoreThe force schema is one of the important components in cognitive linguistics that forms the basis of metaphor. Mark Johnson outlines seven types of force schemas which can be used to examine the stages of spiritual journey (suluk) in mystical texts. The present article, by using analytical descriptive method, attempts to examine the types of force schemas and the process of their influence on the mystic's spiritual journey in Jalāl-a-Din Rūmi's Masnavi Manavi and Ibn al-Farid's Nazm-as-suluk (The Wine Ode). The results show that the compulsion schema can be studied in two lexical and grammatical categories. Masnavi Manavi and Nazm-as-suluk include a motion schema in which the mystic faces obstacles that act like a barrier and prevent the mystic from entering the stages of spiritual journey (suluk). In the counterforce schema, two forces collide strongly with each other, and the resultant of these two forces leads to the creation of unity. In the restraint removal schema, Rūmi and Ibn al-Farid consider elements such as asceticism, purification and denial of reincarnation to be effective in removing obstacles. In the diversion schema, both poets have considered the exoteric knowledge as an important factor in the mystic's lack of progress. Manuscript profile -
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18 - "A Comparative Study of" Abstraction "in the thought of Rumi and Jiddu Krishnamurti"
Maryam Mardani Varposhti Hasan por alashti Maseod Rohani Ali akbar Bagheri khaliliAbstraction means abandoning all material and spiritual belongings in order to reach the truth, as one of the most important constituent factors of Sufism, is one of the main and important topics of mysticism, which is mentioned in mystical texts. In this descriptive-an MoreAbstraction means abandoning all material and spiritual belongings in order to reach the truth, as one of the most important constituent factors of Sufism, is one of the main and important topics of mysticism, which is mentioned in mystical texts. In this descriptive-analytical article, the views of Maulana Jalaluddin, Mohammad Balkhi and Jiddu Krishnamurti on abstraction are compared. The aim of the research is to find similarities and dissimilarities aspects of these two great mystics of the Orient. The results of the research show that these two mystics in many issues such as: simultaneous belief in material and spiritual abstraction, abstraction from the country or land, abstraction from intellect, knowledge, abstraction from self or ego, abstraction and love, abstraction and self-knowledge and ... commonalities and differences in issues such as: abstraction from the mentor and teacher and abstraction from religion and ideology are different and inconsistent with each other. But in general, the commonalities of the two are more than the points of difference, and this shows the similarity of the epistemological fountain and the empirical sharing of these two mystics, which is the true mysticism or the truth of mysticism. Manuscript profile -
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19 - The Anthropomorphic Images in Rumi's Masnavi Manavi
sohrab khorsand posht masari Hengame Ashoori َAlireza Nikouei bahram ParvinApart from its literary beauty and charm, Rumi's Masnavi Manavi encompasses profound concepts that continue to resonate with today's intellectual standards even after centuries. This timeless nature of the work prevents it from becoming obsolete and keeps it perpetually MoreApart from its literary beauty and charm, Rumi's Masnavi Manavi encompasses profound concepts that continue to resonate with today's intellectual standards even after centuries. This timeless nature of the work prevents it from becoming obsolete and keeps it perpetually fresh. Undoubtedly, one of the most profound concepts in Masnavi Manavi is the concept of human. According to the Masnavi Manavi, man possesses various levels and dimensions, each with its unique characteristics and attributes. Sometimes, he/she may appear weak and humble, but despite these traits, he/she also exhibits pride, rebelliousness, and overbearing nature. Additionally, there are moments when he/she has a god-like presence, portraying dignity, with the entire world being reflected in him/her. But what is important is that these two dimensions form the basis of anthropomorphic depictions of God, the world, divine matters, and natural affairs. The present study reflects on the origins and contexts of humanism and anthropomorphism, and aims to analyze the anthropomorphic images and their themes in Rumi's Masnavi Manavi using a descriptive-analytical approach. The research shows how human knowledge, cognition, language, expression, and imagination are consistently influenced by anthropomorphism, even when talking about "tanzih" (transcendence). Manuscript profile -
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20 - Intertextual Interaction between Qaboosname & Quotations of Sufis Based on Gerard Genette’s Theory
Ebrahim Danesh Faramarz JalalatQaboosname is one of the prominent works of Persian didactic literature. It is considered a central text among Persian literary works due to its formal attractiveness and thematic variety. This book had an undeniable intertextual role in the evolution of the Persian tex MoreQaboosname is one of the prominent works of Persian didactic literature. It is considered a central text among Persian literary works due to its formal attractiveness and thematic variety. This book had an undeniable intertextual role in the evolution of the Persian textual galaxy in getting, developing, and transferring religious, social, and educational teachings. Wise quotations and pieces of educational advice are some of the valuable heritage that reached Qabooname to remarkable Persian works after it. Analyzing intertextual relations between Qaboosname and quotations of Sufis can explain the share of mysticism in Onsorolma’ali’s educational system and make us familiar with the amount and the way of intertextual application of Qaboosname and its intellectual references. It also can help us to reach a better understanding of the book and its related texts. This paper in a descriptive and analytical way has concluded that the high frequency of implicit and explicit intertextuality indicates that Qaboosname has a high level of literariness and aestheticism. The high amount of educational topics such as social, and religious issues and the necessity of linguistic and behavioral politeness signifies that social interactions are important in Onsorolma’ali’s view and intellectual framework of Sufism. Paying attention to the quotations and behaviors of the first-class Sufis of Islamic mysticism indicates that Onsorolma’ali had a firm belief in getting educational teachings from basic Sources of this movement. Manuscript profile -
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21 - The Relationship between Man and God in Nikos Kazantzakis' Mystical Perspective
Ali bahadori لیلا Mohammadi ghotbeThe power of literature to connect civilized and cultured individuals across different times and places is undeniable. For centuries, mystical literature has served as a bridge for those who believe in transcendence and spirituality, uniting passionate individuals who s MoreThe power of literature to connect civilized and cultured individuals across different times and places is undeniable. For centuries, mystical literature has served as a bridge for those who believe in transcendence and spirituality, uniting passionate individuals who share common concerns. Nikos Kazantzakis, a writer with a rich body of literary and mystical works, is a prime example of these concerned and rebellious individuals whose mystical literature is the focus of his writing. This article examines Kazantzakis's mystical perspective, exploring his approach to the mystical relationship between man and God through a descriptive-analytical method. The results of this research reveal that, in accordance with Kazantzakis's spiritual worldview, God and man have a significant impact on the creation of divine works. In expressing the relationship between man and God, Kazantzakis emphasizes love, liberation from worldly attachments, the conflict between body and soul, human existential suffering, and inner confrontation with God. He also views death as a transcendental phenomenon that leads to the immortality of the human soul and its connection with God. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The Role of Sacred Objects in Healing: A Classification and Analysis with Focus on Key Mystical Prose Texts from the First Seven Centuries of Hijri
Afrooz KHodabandeloo s.mohsen hosseini s.ali ghasemzadehHealing is considered one of the most significant virtues of Sufi masters, with some instances involving the use of sacred and blessed objects associated with them. This research delves into the role of such objects within some Persian mystical texts using a descriptive MoreHealing is considered one of the most significant virtues of Sufi masters, with some instances involving the use of sacred and blessed objects associated with them. This research delves into the role of such objects within some Persian mystical texts using a descriptive-analytical approach that takes into account mythological and religious contexts. Through the study, it is observed that healing objects fall into three main categories: first, writings, such as manuscripts, amulets, and charms; second, the garments and various coverings worn by Sufi masters, including cloaks, shirts, coats, hats, and sandals; and finally, consumables, like partially eaten food, saliva, and items like toothpicks. What binds these diverse objects together is their shared attribute of being sanctified, blessed, and imbued with healing properties, attributed to them through their connection with Sufi elders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The Cultural Semiotics of Kashf-ul-Mahjoob: Meaning-Making Processes and Patterns
Zahra Nazeri Mahdi Fayyaz Mohsen HosseiniDuring the third phase of semiotics, special attention has been paid to semantic systems, the production and transmission of meaning, and the exploration of semantic mechanisms through various approaches. One notable approach is the semiotics of culture, which investiga MoreDuring the third phase of semiotics, special attention has been paid to semantic systems, the production and transmission of meaning, and the exploration of semantic mechanisms through various approaches. One notable approach is the semiotics of culture, which investigates meaning-making processes within a particular culture by focusing on its signs. In this research, by introducing the meaning-making model "culture-nature", the mechanism of meaning production in the mystical text of Kashf-ul-Mahjoob is explained in a descriptive-analytical way within the framework of cultural semiotics. The findings reveal that the fundamental content of Kashf-ul-Mahjoob is rooted in Hujwīrī 's ideological and cultural beliefs, using the three sub-patterns of "culture/counterculture", "chaos" or mystical order versus its absence or negation, and "self/other". The "culture/counterculture" model is employed to assign value to the signifiers of mystical culture, serving to create an identity. Moreover, the repeated mention of contrasting states of order and disorder highlights the dominance and superiority of mystical signs while portraying the opposing field as inauthentic and defeated. Furthermore, the actions of the Sufi elders are recorded as the ultimate standard of "self", while emphasizing the recognition of the details of the carnal soul as an enemy to be confronted. This establishes the farthest other within the framework of the "self/other" model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Exploring Epic Elements in Suhrawardi's Aql-i Surkh Treatise
Askar Seyadat soodabeh keshavarzi Zarrintaj VarediIn the works of Persian Sufis and mystics, alongside national, historical, and religious epics, there exist mystical epics as well. These mystical epics feature the holy traveler (sālek), who, like the hero of the epic, continually faces conflicts with his/her hidden de MoreIn the works of Persian Sufis and mystics, alongside national, historical, and religious epics, there exist mystical epics as well. These mystical epics feature the holy traveler (sālek), who, like the hero of the epic, continually faces conflicts with his/her hidden devil or carnal soul. In Suhrawardi's treatise, Aql-i Surkh (The Red Intellect), the author employs symbolic language to depict the soul's entrapment within the body's prison, and through the words of a wise old man, he illustrates the intricate twists and turns of the path towards spiritual rediscovery. The current research, utilizing an analytical-descriptive method, examines the epic elements present within Aql-i Surkh. This analysis reveals the mystical-epic components embedded within the treatise. The study's findings suggest that epic components and symbols, such as the struggle between good and evil, the journey, the Haftkhān (Seven Labours), the need for a wise old man's companionship during Haftkhān, Mount Qaf, Simorgh, epic warriors, Jam-e Giti-nama, weapons, and the Water of Life, imbue the treatise with a distinct mystical-epic flavor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Analyzing Binary Oppositions in Hassan Alwan’s Novel Mouton Sageer Through the Eyes of Iranian Mystics
رضا ناظمیان mansooreh doagooBinary oppositions have long captivated mystics and are a focal point for structuralists, who often build the foundation of texts around them. By emphasizing these dichotomies, they aim to unveil a unified system and gain deeper insights into the text. In "Mouton Sageer MoreBinary oppositions have long captivated mystics and are a focal point for structuralists, who often build the foundation of texts around them. By emphasizing these dichotomies, they aim to unveil a unified system and gain deeper insights into the text. In "Mouton Sageer" (A Small Death), binary oppositions play a central role, and this study examines their significance in the story of Hassan Alwan through a descriptive-analytical approach. Drawing from Ibn Arabi's mystical themes, the research delves into the perspectives of Iranian mystics to elucidate the author's underlying framework. The title "A Small Death" symbolizes an earthly love that undergoes a transformation, elevating a mortal being to a celestial realm and fostering a connection to true love. Alvan's work strives to expound upon an intellectual system rooted in binary oppositions, illustrating a mystical concept of "unity in plurality" where love serves as the unifying principle. The ultimate goal is to bring harmony to the current world, transcending conflict, as Alvan posits love as the key element that binds individuals together. Manuscript profile