Journal of applied research in chemisry: 2 (2)

Open Access Article

20.1001.1.17359937.1397.12.2.17.3

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2 - Application of nanofluids for heat transfer enhancement in solar water heaters
محمد رضا جعفری نصر سیده فاطمه حسینی

In this study, techniques for heat transfer enhancement reviewed. Application of nanofluids was studied as a new technique for more energy saving and heat recovery. Transys version17 simulation was used for prediction of thermal efficiency of water and various nanofluid More

In this study, techniques for heat transfer enhancement reviewed. Application of nanofluids was studied as a new technique for more energy saving and heat recovery. Transys version17 simulation was used for prediction of thermal efficiency of water and various nanofluids in a flat plate solar collector. Nano fluids that were used in this simulation analysis are copper oxide, copper, and alumina. The results show that the heat transfer and thermal efficiency of copper nanofluid are greater than other working fluids while the exergy efficiency of alumina is greater. Gambit 2.4.6 was used for our CFD calculation along with the Fluent version17.2. We used a model to numerically simulate the heat transfer. The governing equations and corresponding boundary conditions are converted to dimensionless forms and solved numerically by the finite element method. The results show that efficiency of copper is 67% and it is greater than alumina and copper oxide efficiency. Manuscript profile

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3 - 1,10-Phenanthroline as a versatile catalyst in synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans in aqueous media
اسداله حسن خانی الهه مصدق

1,10-Phenanthroline entails several appealing structural and chemical properties: basicity, rigidity, aromaticity, planarity, and chelating capability. This makes it a versatile catalyst in organic chemistry. An efficient and environmentally friendly method for the synt More

1,10-Phenanthroline entails several appealing structural and chemical properties: basicity, rigidity, aromaticity, planarity, and chelating capability. This makes it a versatile catalyst in organic chemistry. An efficient and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans as important pharmaceutical compounds has been developed using Phenanthroline (%5 mol( as an organocatalyst. A mixture of an aromatic aldehyde, malononitrile, and 1, 3-dicarbonyl compounds in the presence of the Phenanthroline as homogeneous catalyst at 50º in H2O/EtOH resulted in excellent yields of the corresponding products. This new methodology is of interest due to use of aqueous media as a green solvent system, its short reaction time, high yields, and no further purification. Manuscript profile

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4 - Degradation of p-nitrophenol (PNP) in aqueous media by tungsten oxide-based photocatalyst using visible light
فاطمه هدایتی نسب علیرضا زارعی هادی رضایی وحیدیان

Para-Nitrophenol (PNP) as a nitroaromatic matter is a hazardous pollutant in industrial wastewaters. In this paper degradation of the pollutant was performed by the catalysts of CuWO4/CuO, Na0.01WO3, and WO3 under visible light. The catalysts were synthesized by hydroth More

Para-Nitrophenol (PNP) as a nitroaromatic matter is a hazardous pollutant in industrial wastewaters. In this paper degradation of the pollutant was performed by the catalysts of CuWO4/CuO, Na0.01WO3, and WO3 under visible light. The catalysts were synthesized by hydrothermal method and the process was performed in a suspension reactor equipped with a metal halid lamp (400 W). The synthesized catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and Diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS). The effective parameters of pH, reaction temperature, and light intensity have been studied. The results showed that using [Catalyst] = 2000 ppm, [PNP] = 20 ppm, T = 25 °C, and pH = 12 after 240 min, the degradation efficiency for WO3, Na0.01WO3, and CuWO4/CuO obtained about 40%, 42.3%, and 30%, respectively. Manuscript profile

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5 - Evaluation of photovoltaic properties of polymeric solar cell comprising quantum dots with perovskite ligands
رضوان سلطانی علی اصغر کتباب

in the present study, attempts have been made for the first time to investigate the influence of lead sulfide (PbS) colloidal quantum dots along with their ligand exchange from long-chain insulating oleic acid )OA) to the short-chain semiconducting methylammonium lead i More

in the present study, attempts have been made for the first time to investigate the influence of lead sulfide (PbS) colloidal quantum dots along with their ligand exchange from long-chain insulating oleic acid )OA) to the short-chain semiconducting methylammonium lead iodide )MA4PbI6), called perovskite, upon the photon harvesting efficiency and photovoltaic characteristics of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymeric solar cell comprising ternary photo active layer based on poly )3-hexyl thiophene))rrP3HT) as electron donor and PC61BM as acceptor. According to the photo absorption spectrum obtained within UV-Vis and NIR regions, the ternary cells based on OA and MA4PbI6 capped PbS exhibit enhanced photon harvesting efficiency compared with their binary counterpart cell. The steady state photoluminescence results reveal efficient electron transfer from photoexcited P3HT to QDs and hole transfer from photoexcited QDs to P3HT, leading to the improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the ternary cells. However, compared with OA, the semiconducting perovskite )MA4PbI6) ligand shows to be much more effective in increasing power conversion efficiency, so that 6% improvement in PCE is seen by the introduction of 6% PbS QD capped with perovskite ligand unlike PbS QD with OA ligand which had adverse effect on the photovoltaic properties of p 3HT: PC61BM solar cell. This is explained to be due to the insulating characteristic of long chain OA as well as improved charge carrier transport in the case of PbS capped perovskite based ternary solar cells. Manuscript profile

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6 - Preparation of a simple and low cost catalyst with sodium dodecyl sulfate modified carbon paste electrode containing nickel for electrocatalytic oxidation of ethylene glycohol
بنفشه نوروزی زهرا شاکری

In this research work, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS( was deposited on the surface of carbon paste electrode by dropping method. Then, the modified carbon paste electrode with SDS containing nickel (Ni/SDS) was prepared by inserting the modified electrode in a solution co More

In this research work, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS( was deposited on the surface of carbon paste electrode by dropping method. Then, the modified carbon paste electrode with SDS containing nickel (Ni/SDS) was prepared by inserting the modified electrode in a solution containing nickel nitrate for 5 minutes and sweeping of the consecutive potential in sodium hydroxide solution. Also, considering the importance of using ethylene glycohol as a proposed source instead of hydrogen and because of its slow kinetic on the bare carbon paste electrode, its oxidation investigated on the above modified electrode. The results showed the electrocatalytic oxidation of ethylene glycol on the surface of carbon paste electrode modified with SDS/Ni. The effect of various parameters on the efficiency of modified electrode was investigated and the optimal conditions were determined. Finally, the reaction rate constant between the chemical redox centers at the modified electrode surface and ethylene glycol was calculated. Simplicity, low cost, and high sensitivity are the outstanding features of the electrode. Manuscript profile

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7 - Spent caustic wastewater treatment of petrochemical units by wet air oxidation process
اسما مرتضویان حمیدرضا مرتهب مرتضی مافی

Wet air oxidation (WAO) is an efficient way to treat industrial wastewaters. In present study, wet air oxidation process was used for treatment of spent caustic effluents from ethylene unit in the petrochemical industry. After analysis and determination of wastewater pr More

Wet air oxidation (WAO) is an efficient way to treat industrial wastewaters. In present study, wet air oxidation process was used for treatment of spent caustic effluents from ethylene unit in the petrochemical industry. After analysis and determination of wastewater properties, the process was performed using an experimental set-up having 1-L reactor in the temperature range of 170-200 ̊C and 6-9 bar partial pressure of oxygen. The effects of parameters including liquid volume, temperature, and pH were investigated. Performing experiments in two liquid volumes of 200 and 400 mL confirmed that required oxygen is provided at 190 ̊C and changing the partial pressure of oxygen has no significant effect on process efficiency due to abundant oxygen in the reactor. The values of reduction in chemical oxygen demands (COD) after 3 h at temperatures of 170, 190, and 200 C were 61, 63, and 67%, respectively. The process at 200 ̊C and pH of 12 and 10 for 3 h could decrease 69 and 82% of COD, respectively. Applying homogenous Fe3+ and Cu2+ catalysts could not enhance the performance of the process significantly. Furthermore, the kinetics of two-stage reactions of wet air oxidation process was also studied and the kinetic constants and activation energies were determined. Since the real sample from a petrochemical unit was used, determination of optimum operation conditions, investigation on the effect of catalyst, and also determination of kinetic degree of wet air oxidation reaction for spent caustic wastes of petrochemical units might be considered as the novelties of the current study. Manuscript profile

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8 - Study of Calf thymus DNA interaction with Schiff base Re (I) tricarbonyl-diimine complex using different spectroscopic techniques
مریم بردبار فریبا طاووسی علی یگانه فعال اکبر رستمی ورتونی

The interaction of Re )I( tricarbonyl-diimine complex )]Re[( with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) was investigated by using UV–Vis, fluorescence spectrophotometry, circular dichroism )CD( spectroscopy, thermal denaturation, and cyclic voltammetry )CV( studies. The bindin More

The interaction of Re )I( tricarbonyl-diimine complex )]Re[( with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) was investigated by using UV–Vis, fluorescence spectrophotometry, circular dichroism )CD( spectroscopy, thermal denaturation, and cyclic voltammetry )CV( studies. The binding constant value Kb of complex ]Re[ was found to be 5.47×106 M-1 using UV-Vis spectrophotometry data. The results show that the ]Re[ complex has relatively good interaction in comparison to other Schiff base complexes, indicating that the ]Re[ complex binds to DNA by electrostatic and partial intercalation modes. In addition, the intercalation mode is dominant via electrostatic interaction, as the most experiments confirm it Manuscript profile

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9 - Anticancer activity of vanadium complexes with bipyridine and phenanthroline
طاهره نشاطی افخم مرضیه زارعی دهنوی آنیتا عابدی

Vanadium is a nonessential mineral of the daily diet that has shown beneficial health effects. In the present research, we synthesized and characterized three vanadium complexes,]VOCl)bpy(2]Cl )1(, ]VOCl)phen(2]Cl )2(, and ]VO)SO4()phen(2] )3(, from the reaction of VCl3 More

Vanadium is a nonessential mineral of the daily diet that has shown beneficial health effects. In the present research, we synthesized and characterized three vanadium complexes,]VOCl)bpy(2]Cl )1(, ]VOCl)phen(2]Cl )2(, and ]VO)SO4()phen(2] )3(, from the reaction of VCl3 and VOSO4 salts with 2,2'-bipyridine)bpy( and 1,10-phenanthroline )phen( ligands. The mentioned complexes were characterized by FT-IR, Mass and UV-Vis spectroscopy. In absorption spectrum of the synthesized compounds, there is a broad weak peak, above 700 nm which is referred to d-d transition of vanadium )IV( center. Moreover, stretching vibration of V=O is appeared around 973-978 cm-1, in IR spectrum. These results confirm the structure of the compounds. Cytotoxic properties of the complexes were checked out on a normal cell NIH3T3 (Rat embryo fibroblast cell) and against three cancer cell lines including HT29 (colon carcinoma), CacoII )colorectal adenocarcinoma(, and T47D )breast cancer cell( by MTT assay and compared with cis-platin. The results indicate compound )1( with low toxicity on normal cells and high cytotoxicity on the cancerous cell lines, is capable of selectively killing properties Manuscript profile

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10 - Synthesis and characterization of four hydrophilic ionic liquids and their application in enhanced oil recovery
مریم یوسفی وهاب‌الدین گودرزی مجید عبدوس علی ناصری علی اکبر میران بیگی

Water injection is one of the EOR methods which has shown great potential in recent years. The water flooding process is more effective when the injected water is enriched by chemicals which improves the oil recovery by reducing interfacial tension )IFT( and alternating More

Water injection is one of the EOR methods which has shown great potential in recent years. The water flooding process is more effective when the injected water is enriched by chemicals which improves the oil recovery by reducing interfacial tension )IFT( and alternating wettability. In this work four long alkyl chain imidazolium based ionic liquids )ILs( including Octyl, Decyl, Dodecyl, and Tetradecyl methylimidazolium Chloride were synthesized and characterized by 1HNMR and elemental analysis. Furthermore, some physicochemical properties were investigated for studied ILs as a function of temperature. The synthesized ILs were examined as additives in injected water to reduce the IFT in water flooding process. The critical micelle concentration )CMC( point and IFT of enriched sea water by ILs/crude oil were measured as a function of ILs concentration. The results show that ILs can be good candidates for EOR technology due to their significant behavior in IFT reduction and their low consumption. According to obtained results, as the alkyl chain was longer, the CMC point and IFT values were lower. ]C14mim]]Cl] was the most effective ILs which 50 ppm of this ILs, reduced the IFT values to 0.65 mN.m-1. Manuscript profile

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11 - A Novel Efficient Solid Acid Nanocatalyst for the Synthesis of 1'-Aryl-2'-(2-oxoindolin-3-yl)spiro[indoline-3,5'-pyrroline]-2,3'-dione Derivatives
کبری نیکوفر زهرا خادمی شیوا خانی

Para-toluene sulfonic acid embedded on nano silica )ρ-TSA@nano SiO2( has been synthesized via a simple procedure and characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) More

Para-toluene sulfonic acid embedded on nano silica )ρ-TSA@nano SiO2( has been synthesized via a simple procedure and characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The synthesized nanocatalyst has been utilized to accelerate the one-pot multicomponent condensation reaction of isatins, anilines, and acetone to obtain the corresponding 1'-aryl-2'-(2-oxoindolin-3-yl)spiro[indoline-3,5'-pyrroline]-2,3'-diones at water media under reflux conditions. Utilization of H2O as available and green solvent, excellent yields of products, short reaction times, avoidance of by-products which could be obtained via Aldol condensation of acetone, easily-handle, inexpensive, non-toxic, and heterogeneous nano acid catalyst are some advantageous of the reported method. The recovery and reusability of the nano catalyst has been examined for four runs without activity loss Manuscript profile

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12 - Preparation of carbon nanotubes / Pt Black composite and its application for electro-catalysis of hydrogen evolution reaction
ابراهیم شجاعی شهلا فتحی فرشته چکین

n this work, the carbon nanotubes/platinum black composite was prepared by easy, efficient, and cheap method and morphology of composite was investigated by using tunnelling electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The TEM images showed More

n this work, the carbon nanotubes/platinum black composite was prepared by easy, efficient, and cheap method and morphology of composite was investigated by using tunnelling electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The TEM images showed that Pt was immobilized like rosary seeds on external walls of carbon nanotubes and the Pt in EDX spectra confirmed presence of Pt element in composite. Then catalytic activity of this nanocomposite was investigated using carbon paste electrode modified with this nanocomposite for hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic media by electrochemical methods such as linear sweep voltammetry. The linear sweep voltammetry of Pt-CNT/CPE electrode exhibits higher current density and less negative value of potential towards hydrogen evolution reaction than the CPE. Effects of different parameters such as electrolyte type, electrolyte concentration, and platinum black/carbon nanotubes ratio were studied for electrocatalysis of hydrogen evolution reaction. The results showed that sulphuric acid 0.1 M and 2:5 ratio was choice as optimum condition for hydrogen evolution reaction. The deposition of this nanocomposite on the electrode caused onset potential of -0.2 V and the lowest Tafel slope of 4.0 V-1 dec-1 for hydrogen evolution reaction. The electron transfer coefficient and exchange current density for the Pt-CNT/CPE were calculated by Tafel plot about 1.3 and 0.12 mA cm-2, respectively for hydrogen evolution reaction. Manuscript profile

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13 - Synthesis of highly pure poly (vinylacetate) by one- step controlled radical polymerization in the presence of cobalt catalyst using cross linked suspended polyvinyl acetate particles
محمد علی سمسارزاده علیرضا سبزواری سیده محبوبه رضوی

One of the main drawbacks in organometallic-mediated radical polymerization techniques is a high amount of catalyst residual in the polymer product, which results in deep colors in polymer mixture .In this research, cross linked suspended polyvinyl acetate )SPVAc( was u More

One of the main drawbacks in organometallic-mediated radical polymerization techniques is a high amount of catalyst residual in the polymer product, which results in deep colors in polymer mixture .In this research, cross linked suspended polyvinyl acetate )SPVAc( was used as catalyst adsorbing agent and its release in cobalt-mediated radical polymerization of vinyl acetate. For this purpose, firstly, the adsorption process of cobalt acetylacetonate on these particles and also the thermodynamics of this process were studied. SPVAc particles have the capability of the catalyst adsorption at low temperatures and adsorbed catalyst particles are gradually released by increasing temperature to polymerization reaction temperature. The kinetic studies for vinyl acetate polymerization in the presence of cobalt acetylacetonate adsorbed on the SPVAc particle is compared with cobalt acetylacetonate mediated polymerization of vinyl acetate in the absence of SPVAc particle. The results have proved positive effects of these particles on the rate and kinetic of reaction. Then, radical polymerization of vinyl acetate without the need for purification of polymer was carried out successfully through a single reaction in a column packed with alumina and a layer of adsorbed cobalt acetylacetonate catalyst on the SPVAc particles. In this method, the slow adsorption and desorption of cobalt complex by suspended polyvinyl acetate, were followed by the radical polymerization and the final separation step. Manuscript profile

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14 - Synthesis and characterization of TiO2-MgO mesoporous particles using copolymers as a drug delivery system for simvastatin
محبوبه حبیبی حمیدرضا آقابزرگ علی اکبر طرلانی آنیتا عابدی

In this study, TiO2-MgO mesoporous particles were prepared via evaporation-induced self assembly method using two different copolymers of polyvinylpyridine-polystyrene )PVP-PS( and polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol-polyethylene glycol )PEG-PPG-PEO or PEO-PPO-PEO) More

In this study, TiO2-MgO mesoporous particles were prepared via evaporation-induced self assembly method using two different copolymers of polyvinylpyridine-polystyrene )PVP-PS( and polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol-polyethylene glycol )PEG-PPG-PEO or PEO-PPO-PEO) as structure directing agents. The characteristics of the products were investigated by X-ray diffraction )XRD(, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm )BET-BJH(, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry )FT-IR(, and scanning electron microscopy )SEM(. The effects of polymer type, different amounts of magnesium, and calcination temperature were studied. The results showed that the use of (PEO-PPO-PEO) copolymer and increasing the amount of magnesium nitrate increased the surface area of the products. In addition, increasing of calcination temperature from 400 to 550 oC leads to a reduction in surface area of the samples. Simvastatin was loaded on the prepared samples and drug release was studied in simulated gastrointestinal fluid. The release profile of simvastatin fluid from the TiO2-MgO sample, prepared by using )PEO-PPO-PEO(, in the simulated gastric and intestinal within 20 hours showed 100 and 70%, respectively. Manuscript profile

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15 - Bio-adsorption process of heavy metal contaminants by the bacterium:Study of the effect of various conditions using response surface methodology
سمیه محمدیان روح افزا اکبری مونا طاهری فاطمه اکبری

The entrance of heavy metals contaminants into the aqueous environment, due to their toxicity and the biological damages is hazardous for the human health. So the separation of them from the environment is an important subject. In this work, adsorption of heavy metals w More

The entrance of heavy metals contaminants into the aqueous environment, due to their toxicity and the biological damages is hazardous for the human health. So the separation of them from the environment is an important subject. In this work, adsorption of heavy metals was investigated using biological method. The process of adsorption of copper and manganese using bacterium were done at different conditions (pH, temperature, and adsorbent concentration). Besides, the experimental design of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to study the interactions between parameters and to draw the surface diagrams, and the estimation of the mathematical equation (absorbance versus variables) as a polynomial model. Results showed that increasing of pH up to 6 increased the bio-sorption of both Mn and Cu. Increment in temperature and adsorbent content had the same effect. Although the absorbance of Mn was a little higher than Cu, both of them showed the same changes with variables. The observed increment effects were lower at lower levels of variables and became more considerable at higher levels of variables. In each level of absorbent, with increasing of the temperature, absorbance increased which was greater at higher pH. Also, the incremental effect of pH was more remarkable at the higher bacterium concentration. The effect of each variable was influenced by another one. Using RSM, the bio-sorption amounts of both Cu and Mn were formulated versus T, pH, and adsorbent content, with a suitable accuracy and low error. In addition, the interactions between parameters were analyzed considering 3D plots and the coefficients of the achieved equations. Finally, the predicted results from the equations for the new experimental conditions were compared with the the experimental results, which showed a good agreement. Manuscript profile

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16 - Study of the effect of digestion media on the properties of γ-alumina granules prepared via an oil-drop technique
محمد عبدالهی حسین آتشی فرشاد فرشچی تبریزی

HCl is always used as precursor in synthesis of γ-alumina granules via oil-drop. A comparative study was conducted to evaluate the effect of precursor on the catalytic characteristics and performance of γ-alumina prepared via the oil-drop technique. The synt More

HCl is always used as precursor in synthesis of γ-alumina granules via oil-drop. A comparative study was conducted to evaluate the effect of precursor on the catalytic characteristics and performance of γ-alumina prepared via the oil-drop technique. The synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller), BJH (Barret-Joyner-Halenda), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmitting electron microscopy (TEM), and ammonia temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD( techniques. As a general trend, the γ-alumina catalyst prepared via oil-drop using HNO3 as the precursor has the higher surface area, pore volume, pore size, and distribution which are preferred in catalysis. Based on the results, the γ-alumina samples prepared using HNO3 are superior in activity about two times at 250 °C due to the differences in crystalline size, morphology, textural properties, and acid strength. Moreover, the incorporation of chlorine into γ-alumina structure is responsible for poisoning of catalysts which is evident by the less activity for the reaction Manuscript profile

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17 - Thermodegradation kinetics of poly(methyl methacrylate)/silver nanocomposites synthesized via in- situ photoiniferter-mediated photopolymerization
پویان مکوندی ناصر نیکفرجام رضوان جمال الدین طاهر نادری قزوینی

Here, we report thermodegradation of poly)methyl methacrylate(/silver nanoparticle )PMMA/AgNP( nanocomposite networks synthesized by in-situ photoiniferter-mediated photopolymerization. The nanocomposite networks were prepared in the presence of 0.5 wt.%of AgNP and vari More

Here, we report thermodegradation of poly)methyl methacrylate(/silver nanoparticle )PMMA/AgNP( nanocomposite networks synthesized by in-situ photoiniferter-mediated photopolymerization. The nanocomposite networks were prepared in the presence of 0.5 wt.%of AgNP and various amounts of allyl methacrylate )0, 1, 5, 10 wt.%( as crosslinking agent. The kinetic studies of thermodegradation of the nanocomposite networks by two isoconversional methods, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose, showed that AgNP had a dual effect on thermal degradation of PMMA networks; at early stages, AgNP promoted the degradation of the nanocomposites while in the subsequent stages maintained the polymer stability against thermal degradation. Manuscript profile

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