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1 - Defining a Method for Measuring and Enhancing Urban Resilience to Climate Change based on Landscape Ecology Theories (Case study:Yousef Abad Neighborhood,Tehran)
Elmira Shirgir Mostafa Behzadfar Reza Kheyroddin
10.30495/hoviatshahr.2021.17026

The growing number of cities in the world face a wide range of hazards, which are affected by factors such as the increased urban population and climate change. Urban development and climate change are closely related and interlinked. Today, the direct and indirect effe More

The growing number of cities in the world face a wide range of hazards, which are affected by factors such as the increased urban population and climate change. Urban development and climate change are closely related and interlinked. Today, the direct and indirect effects of climate change can be seen in countries with the lowest effect on global warming and climate change. Cities that are exposed to the risk of climate change are very vulnerable. Climate change is a globally widespread phenomenon. These cities can be said susceptible. In recent years, to cope with the adverse challenges caused by climate change, the concepts of urban ecological resilience, specifically, climate resilience have been introduced. Climate resilience is a type of urban ecological resilience, which is defined as urban resilience to climate change. In this respect, in recent years, two urban resilience concepts have been introduced to reduce these negative effects. Resilience is the ability of a system to absorb the disturbances while maintaining the basic structure in the same way and the functional methods, the capacity for self-organization and the capacity to adapt to stress and change and the capability to build back the system into its condition before a shock or intense change. Adaption to climate change focuses on reducing the vulnerability to these negative changes. Resilience has different aspects, among which climate resilience as a subcategory of urban ecological resilience is considered in this study, which includes the adaptation to and mitigation of the risks and adverse effects of climate. However, urban green infrastructure has various vital functions, including environmental, social, etc. The urban green infrastructure (UGI), according to research, has been effective in reducing the impacts of climate change in cities and enhancing climate resilience. Reviewing existing literature on the urban green infrastructure related to its role in creating urban (climate) resilience, it seems that the features  of green infrastructure and which one is effective based on the development, analysis, and evaluation of urban resilience to climate change. These have not been properly addressed so far, and in general, no exact factors have been provided to assess this kind of resilience. It seems that the characteristics of urban green infrastructure can be used as an important factor affecting climate resilience in cities to achieve such factors for assessing the quality of climate resilience. Moreover, the neighborhood scale has not been fully studied in the existing literature. Given the theoretical gap existing in this field, this question arises: "How and based on which features of the green infrastructure can we assess and analyze climate resilience in a city?” To answer this question, landscape ecology principles and the relationship between them and green infrastructure in cities were studied. The relationship was developed in the Yousef Abad neighborhood of Tehran and was qualitatively tested using aerial images, field surveys, and preparation of basic and analytical GIS maps. Finally, ‘effective qualities in assessing climate resilience in cities using UGI based on landscape ecology were obtained. Manuscript profile
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2 - Examining the Relationship between Psychological Adaptation to Achieve Thermal Comfort with a Sense of Place in Urban Areas (The Case Study of Imam Hussein and Imam Khomeini Square in Tehran)
elham zabetian reza kheir e din

Most studies on thermal comfort in urban spaces have been focused on physical factors, while thermal adaptation is one of the most important factors in the perception of comfort. Up to now, in most studies on thermal comfort and adaptability of individuals with micro cl More

Most studies on thermal comfort in urban spaces have been focused on physical factors, while thermal adaptation is one of the most important factors in the perception of comfort. Up to now, in most studies on thermal comfort and adaptability of individuals with micro climatic conditions in urban public spaces or residential areas in Iran, just studies of physical and physiological factors and physical suggestions such as changes in the form of building, density, vegetation species, landscaping and land use planning have been conducted. Of course, there are some studies on thermal comfort perceived (not felt)and combination of physical and objective studies with mental, social and environmental psychological studies with a collaborative approach to the visitors to the space in some countries of the world; but the psychological variables studied (especially in the field of thermal adaptation) generally include the effects of the factors such as naturalness, expectation, experiences and time of exposure and perceived control on space. Although the mentioned variables have been not studied in the form of urban public spaces according to the climatic and cultural-demographic conditions of different regions in Iran in a comprehensive study, the main goal of the present study is the effect of the sense of place component on perceived thermal comfort and thermal adaptation of individuals which have been not considered in previous studies. By studying the relationship between the two concepts of thermal adaptation and sense of place, in order to promote the thermal comfort of the people in an urban space and generalize it to a variety of comfort conditions in a space, it is possible to decide better in the planning process to achieve the goals of an urban space. Since we will not have a space with a physical comfort, but without an adequate sense of place which encounters a lack of attraction of people compared to spaces that although the lack of comfort, but have enough sense of place. Therefore, expanding the concept of perception and its difference with feeling is one of the key goals of the present research. The hypothesis of the present study is that: "There is a direct relationship between thermal adaptation in order to reach thermal comfort and different levels of a sense of place in urban spaces. "The experimental model of this study has been extracted after conceptualization and explained by Delphi method and then, a questionnaire corresponding to each component of the model was developed by surveying in two urban spaces in Tehran city and filled out by 200 citizens presenting in the two places in cold season and then analyzed using statistical tests, including T‌-test, correlation and Beta. The results indicate that, it was also found that there is a direct correlation between the two variables of sense of place and individuals’ thermal adaptation in order to achieve the thermal comfort (the proof of the main research hypothesis). Finally, some strategies have‌ been provided to improve the thermal adaptation and sense of place and to increase the mentioned correlation. Manuscript profile

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List of Articles reza kheyroddin