Number 9 Volume 3

Open Access Article

1 - Feasibility of employment rights of disabled citizens from perspectiveSubject laws and international documents
hedieh sadat mirtorabi ehsan aghamohamadaghaee khatereh ghasemi

On the one hand, the right to employment of the disabled is a concern of most general and special human rights documents, both international and regional, based on citizenship considerations, and on the other hand, due to the specific physical and mental requirements of More

On the one hand, the right to employment of the disabled is a concern of most general and special human rights documents, both international and regional, based on citizenship considerations, and on the other hand, due to the specific physical and mental requirements of citizens, it may require special commitment from the governments. , based on behavioral considerations and support requirements. In the meantime, the principle of equal employment opportunity and the principle of prohibition of discrimination, which are the most fundamental principles in all human rights documents and domestic laws, target the government as a responsible and committed institution, and it means that the government's commitment in the field of disabled people's rights is justified Positive discrimination requires a reinterpretation of rights and duties. In Iran's legal system, according to the comprehensive law on the comprehensive protection of the rights of the disabled, almost all governmental, semi-governmental bodies and organizations, public and revolutionary institutions and even sometimes private and non-profit organizations are required to provide cultural, economic, social and educational support to the disabled citizens. The title of the first law, which has such a broad view on the issues of the disabled, is important. Despite this, shortcomings are observed in the implementation of policies and laws, including the employment of disabled citizens in jobs that they have the talent and ability to do because they do not have the appearance accepted by the society. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - A comparative study of the rule of negation of mustache from the point of view of Imamiyyah and Sunni jurists
Hossein Bakhshi shahrokh abadi Alireza Askari Seyyed Mohammad Mehdi Ahmadi

In this research, it is devoted to the study of "the application of the rule of negation of mustache from the viewpoint of Shiite and Sunni scholars".The findings of the research indicate that the rules and principles of the Imami jurisprudence and the jurisprudence of More

In this research, it is devoted to the study of "the application of the rule of negation of mustache from the viewpoint of Shiite and Sunni scholars".The findings of the research indicate that the rules and principles of the Imami jurisprudence and the jurisprudence of the four Sunni sects regarding the issue of the rule of negation of the mustache, the principle of adherence to agreements and treaties, the rule of invitation, the rule of intimacy and brotherhood in relation to Islamic countries, peace Izzat Madar, the principle of preserving the system, Dar al-Islam and Jihad, and the viewpoints and points of view and the quality of reasoning were mentioned along with the mention of their evidence, and to reach the views of the jurists of the two religions, drawing rules and principles for it is very helpful.The results of the research showed that the Sunni experts said about the concept of negation of the mustache, the meaning of the negation of the mustache is the negation of proof and argument for the unbelievers on the Day of Judgment. Some said that it is negating the power that can destroy the government and the faith of the believers. Some said it is negation of enemies' rule; provided that they do not advise each other to falsehood, and give up evil deeds, and repent of their sins, and some have expressed another meaning. In Shia, according to Ibn Abbas and Yasa Hazrami, Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - International Criminal Court Advocacy Procedure for Child Sexual Victimization
Reyhaneh Zandi Ali Molabeygi

Among victims of international crimes, children and adolescents need more support because they are growing mentally and physically and their personality has not been properly formed. Among these, victims of sexual assault are at greater risk, such as repeated abuse, fut More

Among victims of international crimes, children and adolescents need more support because they are growing mentally and physically and their personality has not been properly formed. Among these, victims of sexual assault are at greater risk, such as repeated abuse, future crime, prostitution, expulsion from society and various sexually transmitted diseases. The leading research by library method seeks to find the level of attention of international criminal court to the sexual abuse of children and also the types of support provided to them in this court. Findings of the study show that the International Criminal Court pays more attention to this issue than other. However, there are still many gaps and weaknesses in the Court's performance and there is a long distance from the theoretical approach to the practical procedure of the Court, which makes it necessary to balance the goals of the Court's proceedings and follow the example of some international judicial institutions in some cases. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Principles and legal requirements in line with management of haze
Hossein Khazaei

According to article 50 of the constitution, environmental protection is a public duty, and all people and agencies are obligated to do so. One of the factors that threatens the environment is the phenomenon of haze that has affected many provinces of Iran in the past d More

According to article 50 of the constitution, environmental protection is a public duty, and all people and agencies are obligated to do so. One of the factors that threatens the environment is the phenomenon of haze that has affected many provinces of Iran in the past decade and today threatens the right to life of citizens and even many animal species. On the other hand, considering that many countries face this environmental risk, in addition to domestic actions, joint actions of countries should not be ignored. For this reason, in recent years, laws and agreements have been introduced at national, regional and international levels, but they have not been able to affect the management of haze phenomenon. In addition, measures must be taken within the country that prevent or minimize the penetration of haze phenomenon, These measures have been mentioned in laws such as the Clean Air Act, the Environmental Protection and Improvement Act, and the Executive Regulations on Combating the haze phenomenon, but unfortunately they have always faced challenges; Therefore, in this study, while emphasizing international actions, these challenges and limitations have been addressed and solutions have been proposed to eliminate them in order to manage haze phenomenon. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The function of regional organizations in cyber wars
Tajmohammad Sadeghi Leila raisi Alireza ansari mahyari

With the expansion of the cyber space, a new arena of threats has been created for governments in the form of cyber threats, and it has affected various aspects of national security, including social, economic, military and political security. It has affected internatio More

With the expansion of the cyber space, a new arena of threats has been created for governments in the form of cyber threats, and it has affected various aspects of national security, including social, economic, military and political security. It has affected international and regional security, which requires the necessary solutions to minimize the damage caused by this type of threats and maintain international security. Therefore, this article examines the role of regional organizations in preventing cyber-attacks by using the descriptive-analytical method, The hypothesis proposed in this research is that since governments are increasingly focused on unilateral policies and initiatives to deal with cyber threats, regional organizations should play an active role in shaping cooperation among members in the form of approaches focused on International and regional cooperation in the field of cyber security and prevention of cyber threats and the development of the global cyber security system. The findings of the research show that regional organizations such as NATO, the European Union, Shanghai, ASEAN, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and the Organization of American States have taken measures to reduce damages caused by cybercrimes and counter cyber-attacks, including They have started to increase knowledge and establish cyber laws, regional cooperation, information sharing, infrastructure strengthening and trust building Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Examining the restoration of executive operations in administrative law
Hosseini Najafi Ramezan Dehghan, Hossein Ghorbanian

When dealing with various issues in administrative proceedings, many events occur; Orders and orders are issued, followed by a series of executive operations. This operation is performed during the proceedings, after the conclusion of the proceedings and as a result of More

When dealing with various issues in administrative proceedings, many events occur; Orders and orders are issued, followed by a series of executive operations. This operation is performed during the proceedings, after the conclusion of the proceedings and as a result of the execution of the verdict or decision. An operation that is executed in a complete or incomplete way, sometimes needs to be restored. This return can be in different directions, including simple or fundamental mistakes, and in some cases it is accompanied by problems for which alternatives should be sought here. In the meantime, there is a possibility of incurring losses and people are also responsible for it. The type of votes and decisions taken in administrative proceedings, because these legal acts are unilateral, is such that it is distinguished from private or penal rights, on the one hand, we are on the side of the government, and on the other hand, with the rights of individuals. This distinction and feature will cause the restoration of executive operations in administrative proceedings to be done with special care. As a result, it is necessary to mention that the traditional way of restoring executive operations needs to be changed and the old way will not be the answer to the society's problems in some cases due to the prevailing public order. Manuscript profile

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