Baharestan Sokhon: 4 (49)

Open Access Article

1 - Comparative Studying of Two Fictional Elements in the narratives of " Zal and Rudabeh " with " Romeo and Juliet "
Akram Nadiri Kiwi Nahid Ja'fari

Abstract         One of the traits of the story which has significant role in the writing scheme, coherence, and its development, is characterization and plot; because the writer should know how and with what language and function to More

Abstract         One of the traits of the story which has significant role in the writing scheme, coherence, and its development, is characterization and plot; because the writer should know how and with what language and function to create a character and give him/her the suitable rank and role and untie the puzzles which have been emerged during the events. In the oriental and occidental language and literature, the reason that poetry and prose works appeal the literary men is that they not only are indebted to the attractiveness of these individuals and heroes of this kind of story but also are the reasons of personal interference and the language and thought of its creator. This research has been done in bibliographical method and in descriptive – analytical style to investigate the effective elements in creating plot and characterization of the two significant factors in the two narratives of " Zal and Rudabeh " and " Romeo and Juliet ". The result of the comparison of the two stories are very similar to each other and the different frequencies of the types of personality are close to each other, except two clear differences which appear in the number of symbolic and simple characters, in the view point of story plot in both narratives. One can distinguish five ties that in the beginning both explain contradicting families which bring about different hindrances but at the end one attains joy and unity while the other ends in sorrow and death.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Studying the Role of Warning Fantasies in Gaining the Identity and Critical Thinkingof Children with Emphasis on Bruno Bettelheim 's Ideas
Sayed Fahimah Ghayyum Nia Bijan Zahiri Nav Mohammad Reza Shad Manaman

Abstract         The warning fantasy is of the fantasies which presents the most fundamental problems of human society in an imaginative mold. This kind of fantasy gives information about one of the most important aspects of child's e More

Abstract         The warning fantasy is of the fantasies which presents the most fundamental problems of human society in an imaginative mold. This kind of fantasy gives information about one of the most important aspects of child's existence; that's, his own identity and the others in the layers of narrative story. We have investigated, in this article, the methods of finding the identity, critical thinking, and the recognition of oneself and the other in an analytic – descriptive way. We have concentrated on " children need the story " from Bruno Bettelheim to attain a better perception of the child and juvenile's mentality and mental structure. Our investigation showed that most studied fantasy stories emphasize on the preservation of the environment, altruism, finding identity as speculation. The writers of these works enumerate the difficulties and disasters of the story characters to their readers in an indirect way; and without pretending being teachers. They transfer their recommendations in a fantasy mold to their readers. On the other hand, the most significant type of thinking is the instructive thinking. The most important restitution of this kind of thinking is creativity which is an important phenomenon and valuable in the child development and must have a special stance in the life of a child. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Studying the Symbols and Rites of Familiarization in the Versified Story of the " Banu Ghoshasb Nameh "
Nasim Parizadeh Hamid Reza farzi Rostam Amani Astmal

  Abstract         Familiarization (initiating, being honored, passage, apprentice, and servitude) are the rites and ceremonies which are accomplished to make changes and transformation in the life of an individual and is interp More

  Abstract         Familiarization (initiating, being honored, passage, apprentice, and servitude) are the rites and ceremonies which are accomplished to make changes and transformation in the life of an individual and is interpreted as death (eliminating the ignorance and profanity of childhood) and rebirth (the soul and life transcendence). This is in regard to the belief of some researchers including "Mircha Eliadeh" who consider the myths and fairy tales initiated from the familiarization and other transient rites or the symbolic expressions of those ceremonies. The story of "Banu Ghoshasb Nameh", as an epic and myth has been investigated in this article. We assume that this story reveals the rites and ceremonies of familiarization (initiating) in itself. Based on the mentioned ideas and through the thematic analysis of the story, the adaptability of this story, together with the familiarization has been proved; all the components and the levels of familiarization such as seclusion, separation, taking the new learner to the woods ( desert ) and hard test can be observed in that story. Besides these symbolic elements, there are other archetypes in the text which have been analyzed in relation to the main theme of familiarization. . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Comparative Studying of the Relationship Between Love and Elitism in Maulana and Shamloo's Poetry
Masoud Barzegar Jalali Kamran Pashaei Fakhri Parvaneh AdelZadeh

Abstract         This research is a literary and sociological comparison with one of the most important themes of Persian poetry in the past and today's periods of time. We have tried, in this article, to study the course of evolution More

Abstract         This research is a literary and sociological comparison with one of the most important themes of Persian poetry in the past and today's periods of time. We have tried, in this article, to study the course of evolution of love and its relationship with the elitism with emphasis on Maulana and Shamloo's poetry. In this library research, Maulana's ideas have been studied and compared with the contemporary well-known poet Shamloo's. The findings of present article show that the meaning of love and elitism , in the classic and contemporary poetry, are only common terms and the function of the implication of love reflect different themes. The frequencies of love and elitism, the power of ultra love and its impact on elitism, creation of unity in love, the trust of man in God's love; and in Shamloo's poetry , it includes the joy of love in the elite man, truthfulness of man in love, faith etc … . The conclusion of this research is the transformation in the approach to love and elitism that changes simultaneously with the change of the emotion and the manifestation of love and the type of the beloved. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The Thematic Studying of the "Ashuraee Elegies" from Haydar Shabgard " In the mold of Liberty, revival of Islamic religion, Divine love and guidance"
Fatemeh Aghazadeh Rasool E'tebari

Abstract         One of the impressive matters which has appealed the attention of the literary men and those who are poetry lovers is the threnody which denotes, in common, the poetry which is composed on the death of a loved one and More

Abstract         One of the impressive matters which has appealed the attention of the literary men and those who are poetry lovers is the threnody which denotes, in common, the poetry which is composed on the death of a loved one and enumerating his/her positive affairs; and specifically the dole and martyrdom of Imam Hossein (p. b. u. H) and the tragic events of Karbala and the innocent Imams; and in this case, the only difference lies in its content and the way it is presented and its strength and weakness in the grievance of the heart, specifically when it comes to the devotion to Aba Abdollah Hossein and his household. Haydar Shabgard is one of the elegist poets who has tried his talent in the lamentation of Ashura and proved his ultimate love for Imam Hossein (a.s.). The threnodies of this emotive poet which arouse a sad turmoil in the hearts of Imam Hossein's lovers, which initiates from his intense grief towards the tragic events of Karbala. Master Shabgard, in his elegies, besides allusion to the events of Karbala, points out the important aim of Ashura uprising such as reviving and propagating the Islamic religion, liberty, dignity and rejecting the false obedience, fighting against cruelty and supporting the "hejab" ( Islamic coverage for women). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Intertextuality of the Qur'anic Verses in the Transcription of "Gholshan" from Mohammad Rahim Kermani
Seyyed Ya'ghoob Hosseini Maryam Mahmoodi

Abstract         In fact, the intertextual relationship, studies the bonds of one text with the other past or present texts. Julia Christova was the originator of intertextuality. Later on Gerard Janet developed this idea and divided More

Abstract         In fact, the intertextual relationship, studies the bonds of one text with the other past or present texts. Julia Christova was the originator of intertextuality. Later on Gerard Janet developed this idea and divided it to its subdivisions. Today, the intertextual technique is one of the most outstanding characteristics of poetical and textual structure. In this case, The Holy Qur'an as an ethereal source, is of the most significant sources which has inspired most of the writers and poets in the Islamic world. Mohammad Rahim Kermani, the writer of the ethical book " Gholshan ", and of the imitators of the Gulestan of Sa'di, has also utilized the intertextual technique. We have tried, in this article, by using the intertextuality and by employing analytical – descriptive method to investigate these impacts on the text of this book. The aim of this article is to reveal the approach and intertextual relations to highlight the didactic and ethic teachings of the Holy Qur'an. The attention of the author of the Gholshan to the Qur'an and utilizing it in numerous methods shows his presence of mind, the vastness of his knowledge, and indicates his commitment to religion. Mohammad Rahim Kermani, by using the Qur'an in his words has revealed the literary aesthetics elements in its best form. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The Analysis of the stylistic Specifications of Zohuri Torshizi's Odes
Shokoofeh Darabi

Abstract         Zohuri Torshizi is one of the competent Indian Style poets in the 10th and 11th A. H. centuries who has been remained unknown in Persian language and literature. By his strong power of mind and sophisticated imaginati More

Abstract         Zohuri Torshizi is one of the competent Indian Style poets in the 10th and 11th A. H. centuries who has been remained unknown in Persian language and literature. By his strong power of mind and sophisticated imagination he was able to compose meaningful, stable poetry with modern themes which are difficult to grasp. This punctilious poet of the Safawid era, by using exquisite similes and metaphors has created new compounds and expressions meticulously. The main aim of this research is: What are the most significant traits of Zohuri's style from lingual , syntactic, literary and thinking point of view ? The results of the research showed that innovation in speech and exaggeration in the imagination caused his poetry to be understood with difficulty and sometimes together with misunderstanding of the meaning and in this way the metaphors and similes have appeared themselves in a challenging way in his poetry; and the last word is that the usage of allegory, the method of equilibrium, allusion, paradox and new themes and compounds have high frequency in his divan – book of poetry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The Tohfatolloghat ; an Unknown Dictionary
Morteza Ja'fari

Abstract         Tohfatolloghat is a dictionary of which the only copy with the number 2708 is kept at Tehran university. Because of its missing pages in the beginning and ending the book, the name of the author and the date of its au More

Abstract         Tohfatolloghat is a dictionary of which the only copy with the number 2708 is kept at Tehran university. Because of its missing pages in the beginning and ending the book, the name of the author and the date of its authorship are unknown. The probable date of its writing is the 12th century. It has 8625 words, 1060 of them appear at the margin of the book. This dictionary has been copied in abstract from Jahangiri dictionary and besides the elimination of historical evidences and addition of synonyms, the writer has arranged the entries alphabetically and has also added compound expressions from the Borhan Ghate' in the margin of the book and got a thorough collection of the words based on rhyming letters. It has been written in nasta'ligh ( a kind of calligraphy ) and rarely has mistakes. It has been compared and collated with Farhangh Jahangiri, Borhan Ghate' and Dehkhoda encyclopedia in the process of correction and in this way it has presented a thorough list of the pronunciations of the words Borhan Ghate' and Dehkhoda dictionary lack them. There are, besides the Farsi words, some terms in Arabic, Hendi, Turkish , Roman and other languages. It also has some Arabicised words and a few terms in Shirazi, Gilani, Esfahani and Ghazwini dialects. Like the Borhan Ghate', this dictionary includes some grammatical and interpretive words entitles synonyms and antonyms and the like. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Criticism and Studying of Newly Found Miscellany from the 7th c. A. H.( Kashi Miscellany )
Mojtaba Safarali Zadeh

Abstract         The present article, based on the intra and extra textual documentaries, is to reveal that the writer and author of the present transcription is Ezzoddin Abdolaziz Kashi who was the poet, writer and author of that wor More

Abstract         The present article, based on the intra and extra textual documentaries, is to reveal that the writer and author of the present transcription is Ezzoddin Abdolaziz Kashi who was the poet, writer and author of that work in the late 7th and early 8th c A.H. By investigating the author's poetry in the miscellanies and numerous books of prose and verse, we encountered some of his poems in the Rozatonnazer, the Nozhatolkhater, and in the introduction of the Ghalamiyeh Thsis and we became ensured that this transcript had been written by Ezzoddin Abdolaziz Kashi. A few pages of the beginning and the ending of the book are missing. In this literary miscellany, the works of some famous poets such as Ferdowsi, Daghighi, Assadi Toosi, Khaghani, Hafez, Motanabbi, Abu Novas … and also some unknown poets as Shams Kashi, Sayenaddin Tabrizi, Sadroddin Oshnavaei, Tooreh Poshti, Yusefi and Rortami have been written which are newly found in their genre and unprecedency;  and also there are poems with their composers that can be utilized by literary researchers in critical correction of the verses as a dependable source. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - A study Cognitive style of the verses of terror and terrorism in the Qur'an
Ismail Salem Khoei Seyyed Taghi Kabiri Mahboub Mahdavian

Abstract       It is one of the important and new sciences in the field of stylistic literature. In this knowledge, the appropriateness between the word and the meaning, the textual coherence and the harmony of the meaning of the word with the More

Abstract       It is one of the important and new sciences in the field of stylistic literature. In this knowledge, the appropriateness between the word and the meaning, the textual coherence and the harmony of the meaning of the word with the structure of the phrases are determined. In this knowledge, the science of meanings and expression is studied. Addressing this very important issue can to some extent reveal the Qur'an's view of this dimension of collective life and invite human beings to live without violence and terror. Therefore, the present article, using the knowledge of stylistics and also relying on descriptive-analytical method, intends to examine the style of verses from the Qur'an in which the category of assassination and murder is discussed. A stylistic study of this type of verses shows that the theological style of those divine verses that are related to terror, in terms of verbal and semantic structure as well as syntactic structure of words, is an avoidance approach and These verses are mentioned in the form of metaphor and irony, and most of the sentences are addressed to the reader in order to convey the state of violence and seriousness in the fight against terrorism to the reader. In general, the style of speech and  The general orientation of the words in all the verses related to murder and assassination is such that it shows that murder and assassination are reprehensible and should not be done. Manuscript profile

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