کشف مهر کاتولیکوس بابوی؟
محورهای موضوعی : باستان‌شناسی تاریخی
کریستل ژولین
1
,
مصطفی اختصاصی
2
,
امیر خانمرادی
3
,
احسان خونساری‌نژاد
4
*
1 - مرکز مطالعات جهان ایرانی، ویلژوئیف، فرانسه
2 - پژوهشگر مستقل
3 - باستان‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان
4 - باستان‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران
کلید واژه: مهر, بابوی, کاتولیکوس, ساسانی, شبان خوب,
چکیده مقاله :
توجه ویژۀ پژوهش‌گران به مطالعۀ مهرهای ساسانی و به تبع آن شناسایی بسیاری از بزرگان این دوره تاریخی، باعث ایجاد درک بهتری از جامعۀ ساسانی شده است. در این مقاله به بررسی یک مهر از دوره ساسانی خواهیم پرداخت که بنا بر کتیبۀ سریانی حک شده بر آن، متعلق به فردی به نام «بابوی» است. در دوره ساسانی تعدادی از رهبران کلیسای شرق با نام بابی و بابوی معرفی شده‌اند که در سلسله مراتب کلیسا جایگاه‌های مختلفی از کاتولیکوس تا کشیش را در مناطق مختلف شاهنشاهی ساسانی برعهده داشتهاند. برای شناسایی دقیق این فرد، تاریخ‌گذاری اثر، بستر تاریخی نقش‌مایه و همچنین کتیبۀ آن، مورد مداقه قرار گرفته است. با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش، نزدیک‌ترین شخصیتی که ما می‌توانیم این مهر را متعلق به وی بدانیم، «بابوی» کاتولیکوس سلوکیه ـ تیسفون است که از حدود ۴۵۷ تا ۴۸۴ میلادی رهبری جامعه مسیحیان شرق را همزمان با سلطنت هرمزد سوم و پیروز بر عهده داشته است. بر اساس تاریخنگاریها و قدیس‌نگاریهای سریانی و مسیحیان عرب، بابوی به عللی چون دسیسه‌های برخی از بزرگان کلیسای شرق، وفاداری مورد تردید، برگزاری مراسم حساسیت برانگیز و ارسال نامه برای زِنون که ممهور به مهر شخصی وی بود، اعدام شده است.
Scholarly attention to the study of Sasanian seals has significantly enhanced our understanding of this historical period, particularly through the identification of prominent figures of the time. This article examines a Sasanian-period seal bearing a Syriac inscription that attributes it to an individual named Bābōy. During the Sasanian era, several leaders of the Church of the East bore the names Babi or Bābōy, occupying various ecclesiastical ranks from Catholicos to priest across the empire. In order to more precisely identify the owner of this seal, we analyze its historical context, the iconography, and the content of the inscription. Based on the findings, the most plausible attribution is to Bābōy, the Catholicos of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, who led the Eastern Christian community between approximately 457 and 484 CE, during the reigns of Hormizd III and Peroz I. According to Syriac chronicles and Arab Christian hagiographies, Bābōy was executed under accusations involving internal Church conspiracies, questions about his loyalty, the performance of politically sensitive rites, and, notably, the dispatch of a letter to Emperor Zeno bearing his personal seal.
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