بررسی اهمیت طراحی باغ های شفابخش در محوطۀ دانشگاهها در راستای ارتقاء مطلوبیت فضایی: نمونه موردی دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان

محورهای موضوعی : طراحی محیط زیست

پیمان گلچین ¹ , محسن کافی ² , نیلوفر سارانی ³

1 - مربی گروه مهندسی فضای سبز دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران. * (مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - استاد تمام گروه مهندسی فضای سبز دانشگاه تهران، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.
3 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد رشته مهندسی فضای سبز دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1398/02/18 تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/07/10 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/10/01

کلید واژه: مطلوبیت فضایی, سلامت روح و روان, محوطۀ دانشگاه, باغ های شفابخش, مناظر طبیعی,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: هدف اصلی در این پژوهش، بررسی اهمیت و تاثیر حضور باغ های شفابخش در محوطۀ دانشگاه ها به عنوان یکی از مناظر شبه طبیعی دست کاشت بر مطلوبیت فضایی و سلامت روح و روان کاربرانش می باشد. در این راستا، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان به عنوان نمونه موردی انتخاب گردید.روش بررسی: در این پژوهش، روش اعمال شده شامل جمع آوری و تحلیل اطلاعات بوده که به صورت کتابخانه ای، میدانی و تهیة پرسشنامه انجام گرفت. از 24 بوستان موجود در دانشگاه، 6 بوستان جهت تحقیق انتخاب شدند. برای محاسبۀ جامعه آماری از فرمول کوکران استفاده شد و جامعۀ آماری 376 نفری جهت انجام تحقیق و تهیۀ پرسشنامه محاسبه گردید. در مرحلۀ بعد، داده های به دست آمده از پرسشنامه، مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار گرفته و نتایج حاصل از این بررسی در جداول و نمودارهای جداگانه ای تنظیم گردید.یافته ها: یافته ها نشان می دهد که بوستان کوهستان به عنوان موثرترین و بوستان قائم غربی به عنوان کم تاثیرترین بوستان شفابخش در ارتقاء و بهبود مطلوبیت فضایی محوطۀ دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان انتخاب شدند. حضور پوشش گیاهی متنوع و غنی به عنوان مهمترین معیار از میان 5 ویژگی اصلی باغ های شفابخش توسط مصاحبه شوندگان جهت استفاده و نیز موثر در ارتقاء مطلوبیت فضای محوطه دانشگاه شناخته شد.یافته ها نشان داد که مشاهده و یا استفاده نمودن از مناظر شبه طبیعی بخصوص مناظر بوستان های موجود می تواند تاثیرات روحی و روانی مثبت داشته باشد و سبب بهبود سلامت روحی و روانی آنها گردد. همچنین دیدن مناظر شبه طبیعی متنوع و استفاده از آنها در محوطه دانشگاه ها می تواند باعث ایجاد انگیزه در دانشجویان به منظور یادگیری بهتر مطالب آموزشی شود.بحث و نتیجه گیری: با توجه به یافته های تحقیق، می توان به این نتیجه رسید که طراحی و احداث بوستان های شفابخش در محوطۀ دانشگاه ها می تواند از طریق ارتقاء کیفیت بصری و مطلوب نمودن کیفیت فضاهای محوطه دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان باعث ایجاد تاثیرات مثبت بر سلامت روح و روان کاربرانش گردد. از این رو طراحی و احداث اینگونه باغ ها در محوطۀ دانشگاه ها توصیه می شود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objectives: The main objective of this research is to investigate the importance and impact of the presence of healing gardens in the campus on the spatial desirability and the mental health of its users. This research focuses on the campus of University of Sistan and Baluchestan.Material and Methodology: In this research, a descriptive- analytical method is used. The necessary Data needed for research were collected using library sources, field survey and a questionnaire. Then, out of 24 gardens in the campus, six were selected as the study cases. The statistical sample was calculated by Cochran’s formula to be 376 individuals in order to prepare a questionnaire and data analysis. In the next phase, the data derived from questionnaires were analyzed and the results were organized in separate tables and charts.Findings: According to the findings, Kuhestan Garden is the most effective and Western Qaem Garden is the least effective healing garden in order to improve the spatial desirability of the University of Sistan and Baluchestan campus. Among the five studied criteria, the participants selected ‘diverse and rich vegetation as the most important criterion effective for the use of a garden by its users and also for the improvement of spatial desirability of the campus. The results show that most of users believe that the presence of healing gardens and natural landscapes on the campus have a positive impact on their mental and psychological health. They also believe that these gardens are a source of motivation for better learning of the educational materials and a mean for improving their grades.Discussion and Conclusion: The findings lead us to the conclusion that the designing and construction of healing gardens on the campus can have positive impacts on the mental health of the users via enhancing the visual quality and the desirability of the campus. Therefore, the design and construction of healing gardens and natural landscapes in Universities campus are highly recommended.

منابع و مأخذ:

1. Maller, C.,  Townsend, M.,  Pryor, A.,  Brown, P.,  Leger, L., 2006. Healthy nature healthy people: ‘contact with nature’ as an upstream health promotion intervention for populations, Health Promotion International, Vol.21, pp.45–54.


2. Van den Berg, A.E., Koole, S.L., Van der Wulp, N.Y., 2003. Environmental preference and restoration: (How) are they related? , Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol.23, pp.135-146.


3. Lau, S. S. Y., Yang, F., 2009. Introducing Healing Gardens into a Compact University Campus: Design Natural Space to Create Healthy and Sustainable Campuses, Journal of Landscape Research, Vol.34, pp.55-81.


4. Lau, S.S.Y., Gou, Z., Liu, Y., 2014. Healthy campus by open space design: Approaches and guidelines, Frontiers of Architectural Research, Vol.3, pp.452–467.


5. Shahcheraghi, A., Bandar Abad, A., 2016. Environed in environment: Application of environmental psychology to architecture and urban design, first Ed. Tehran press. (In Persian)


6. Thompson, C.W., 2011. Linking landscape and health: the recurring theme, Journal of Landscape and Urban Planning, Vol.99, pp.187–195.


7. Nightingale, F., 1863. Observations on the Evidence Contained in the Stational Reports Submitted to Her by the Royal Commission on the Sanitary State of the Army in India: By Florence Nightingale


8. Ulrich, R.S., 1984. View through a Window May Influence Recovery from Surgery, Journal of Science, Vol.224, pp.420-421.


9. Hartig, T., Evans, G. W., Jamner, L. D., Davis, D. S., Garling, T., 2003. Tracking restoration in natural and urban field settings, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol.23, pp.109–123.


10. Ottosson, J., Grahn, P., 2005. A comparison of leisure time spent in a garden with leisure time spent indoors: on measures of restoration in residents in Geriatric care, Journal of Landscape Research, Vol.30, pp.23–55.


11. Van den Berg, A.E., Hartig, T., Staats, H., 2007. Preference for nature in urbanized societies: stress, restoration, and the pursuit of sustainability, Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 63(1):pp.79–96.


12. Wood, L., Hooper, P., Foster, S., Bull, F., 2017. Public green spaces and positive mental health – investigating the relationship between access, quantity and types of parks and mental wellbeing, Journal of Health & Place, Vol.48, pp. 63-71.


13. Moore, T. H. M., Kesten, J. M., López-López, J. A., Ijaz, S., Audrey, S., 2018. The effects of changes to the built environment on the mental health and well-being of adults: Systematic review, Journal of Health & Place, Vol.53, pp. 237-257.


14. Su, J.G., Dadvand, P., Nieuwenhuijsen, M.J., Bartoll, X., Jerrett, M., 2019. Associations of green space metrics with health and behavior outcomes at different buffer sizes and remote sensing sensor resolutions, Journal of Environment International, Vol.126, pp. 162-170.


15. Hunter, R.F., Cleland, C., Cleary, A., Droomers, M., Braubach, M., 2019. Environmental, health, wellbeing, social and equity effects of urban green space interventions: A meta-narrative evidence synthesis, Journal of Environment International, Vol.130, Article 104923.


16. Hoisington, A.J., Yoder, K.A.S., Schuldt, S.J., Beemer, C.J., 2019. Ten questions concerning the built environment and mental health, Journal of Building and Environment, Vol.155, pp. 58-69.


17. Golchin, P., Naroei, B., Masnavi, M.R., 2013. Evaluating visual quality of educational campus based on users preferences (Case study: Sistan and Baluchestan University), Journal of Environmental Studies, Vol.62, pp.135-150. (In Persian with English abstract).


18. Chambel, M.J., Curral, L., 2005. Stress in academic life: work characteristics as predictors of student well-being and performance, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.54, pp.135–147.

19.   Jones, D.R., 2013. The Biophilic University: A de-familiarizing organizational metaphor for ecological sustainability, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.48, pp.148-165.

20.   Krasny, M.E., Delia, J., 2014. Natural area stewardship as part of campus sustainability, Journal of Cleaner, pp.1-10

21.   Montacchinia, E., Tedescoa, S., Rondinonea, T., 2017. Greenery for a university campus: does it affect indoor environmental quality and user well-being?, Journal of Energy Procedia, Vol.122, pp.289-294.

22.   Abdelaal, M. S., 2019. Biophilic campus: An emerging planning approach for a sustainable innovation-conducive university, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.215, pp. 1445-1456.

1. Nikbakht, A., 2005. Medical studies in modern landscape: healing gardens, Journal of Baghe-Nazar, Vol.2, pp.79-82. (In Persian with English abstract).


2. Wichrowski, M., Whiteson, J., Haas, F., Mola, A., Rey, M., 2005. Effects of horticultural therapy on mood and heart rate in patients participating in an inpatient cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Vol. 25(5), pp.270-274.


3. Marcus, C.C., Barnes, M., 2003. Healing Gardens: Therapeutic Benefits and Design Recommendations. New York: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 27-86.


4. Wilson, E., 2002. The Future of Life, London: Little Brown, pp. 229.


5. Spirn, A.W., 2006. The language of landscape, Translate: Bahrani, H., Aminzadeh, B., second Ed. University of Tehran press. (In Persian)


6. Organization of management and planning of Iran, 2001. Principles of urban green space design, pp.19-196. (In Persian)

 

 

 

 

 

1. Maller, C.,  Townsend, M.,  Pryor, A.,  Brown, P.,  Leger, L., 2006. Healthy nature healthy people: ‘contact with nature’ as an upstream health promotion intervention for populations, Health Promotion International, Vol.21, pp.45–54.


2. Van den Berg, A.E., Koole, S.L., Van der Wulp, N.Y., 2003. Environmental preference and restoration: (How) are they related? , Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol.23, pp.135-146.


3. Lau, S. S. Y., Yang, F., 2009. Introducing Healing Gardens into a Compact University Campus: Design Natural Space to Create Healthy and Sustainable Campuses, Journal of Landscape Research, Vol.34, pp.55-81.


4. Lau, S.S.Y., Gou, Z., Liu, Y., 2014. Healthy campus by open space design: Approaches and guidelines, Frontiers of Architectural Research, Vol.3, pp.452–467.


5. Shahcheraghi, A., Bandar Abad, A., 2016. Environed in environment: Application of environmental psychology to architecture and urban design, first Ed. Tehran press. (In Persian)


6. Thompson, C.W., 2011. Linking landscape and health: the recurring theme, Journal of Landscape and Urban Planning, Vol.99, pp.187–195.


7. Nightingale, F., 1863. Observations on the Evidence Contained in the Stational Reports Submitted to Her by the Royal Commission on the Sanitary State of the Army in India: By Florence Nightingale


8. Ulrich, R.S., 1984. View through a Window May Influence Recovery from Surgery, Journal of Science, Vol.224, pp.420-421.


9. Hartig, T., Evans, G. W., Jamner, L. D., Davis, D. S., Garling, T., 2003. Tracking restoration in natural and urban field settings, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol.23, pp.109–123.


10. Ottosson, J., Grahn, P., 2005. A comparison of leisure time spent in a garden with leisure time spent indoors: on measures of restoration in residents in Geriatric care, Journal of Landscape Research, Vol.30, pp.23–55.


11. Van den Berg, A.E., Hartig, T., Staats, H., 2007. Preference for nature in urbanized societies: stress, restoration, and the pursuit of sustainability, Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 63(1):pp.79–96.


12. Wood, L., Hooper, P., Foster, S., Bull, F., 2017. Public green spaces and positive mental health – investigating the relationship between access, quantity and types of parks and mental wellbeing, Journal of Health & Place, Vol.48, pp. 63-71.


13. Moore, T. H. M., Kesten, J. M., López-López, J. A., Ijaz, S., Audrey, S., 2018. The effects of changes to the built environment on the mental health and well-being of adults: Systematic review, Journal of Health & Place, Vol.53, pp. 237-257.


14. Su, J.G., Dadvand, P., Nieuwenhuijsen, M.J., Bartoll, X., Jerrett, M., 2019. Associations of green space metrics with health and behavior outcomes at different buffer sizes and remote sensing sensor resolutions, Journal of Environment International, Vol.126, pp. 162-170.


15. Hunter, R.F., Cleland, C., Cleary, A., Droomers, M., Braubach, M., 2019. Environmental, health, wellbeing, social and equity effects of urban green space interventions: A meta-narrative evidence synthesis, Journal of Environment International, Vol.130, Article 104923.


16. Hoisington, A.J., Yoder, K.A.S., Schuldt, S.J., Beemer, C.J., 2019. Ten questions concerning the built environment and mental health, Journal of Building and Environment, Vol.155, pp. 58-69.


17. Golchin, P., Naroei, B., Masnavi, M.R., 2013. Evaluating visual quality of educational campus based on users preferences (Case study: Sistan and Baluchestan University), Journal of Environmental Studies, Vol.62, pp.135-150. (In Persian with English abstract).


18. Chambel, M.J., Curral, L., 2005. Stress in academic life: work characteristics as predictors of student well-being and performance, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.54, pp.135–147.

19.   Jones, D.R., 2013. The Biophilic University: A de-familiarizing organizational metaphor for ecological sustainability, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.48, pp.148-165.

20.   Krasny, M.E., Delia, J., 2014. Natural area stewardship as part of campus sustainability, Journal of Cleaner, pp.1-10

21.   Montacchinia, E., Tedescoa, S., Rondinonea, T., 2017. Greenery for a university campus: does it affect indoor environmental quality and user well-being?, Journal of Energy Procedia, Vol.122, pp.289-294.

22.   Abdelaal, M. S., 2019. Biophilic campus: An emerging planning approach for a sustainable innovation-conducive university, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.215, pp. 1445-1456.

1. Nikbakht, A., 2005. Medical studies in modern landscape: healing gardens, Journal of Baghe-Nazar, Vol.2, pp.79-82. (In Persian with English abstract).


2. Wichrowski, M., Whiteson, J., Haas, F., Mola, A., Rey, M., 2005. Effects of horticultural therapy on mood and heart rate in patients participating in an inpatient cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Vol. 25(5), pp.270-274.


3. Marcus, C.C., Barnes, M., 2003. Healing Gardens: Therapeutic Benefits and Design Recommendations. New York: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 27-86.


4. Wilson, E., 2002. The Future of Life, London: Little Brown, pp. 229.


5. Spirn, A.W., 2006. The language of landscape, Translate: Bahrani, H., Aminzadeh, B., second Ed. University of Tehran press. (In Persian)


6. Organization of management and planning of Iran, 2001. Principles of urban green space design, pp.19-196. (In Persian)

 

 

1. Maller, C.,  Townsend, M.,  Pryor, A.,  Brown, P.,  Leger, L., 2006. Healthy nature healthy people: ‘contact with nature’ as an upstream health promotion intervention for populations, Health Promotion International, Vol.21, pp.45–54.


2. Van den Berg, A.E., Koole, S.L., Van der Wulp, N.Y., 2003. Environmental preference and restoration: (How) are they related? , Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol.23, pp.135-146.


3. Lau, S. S. Y., Yang, F., 2009. Introducing Healing Gardens into a Compact University Campus: Design Natural Space to Create Healthy and Sustainable Campuses, Journal of Landscape Research, Vol.34, pp.55-81.


4. Lau, S.S.Y., Gou, Z., Liu, Y., 2014. Healthy campus by open space design: Approaches and guidelines, Frontiers of Architectural Research, Vol.3, pp.452–467.


5. Shahcheraghi, A., Bandar Abad, A., 2016. Environed in environment: Application of environmental psychology to architecture and urban design, first Ed. Tehran press. (In Persian)


6. Thompson, C.W., 2011. Linking landscape and health: the recurring theme, Journal of Landscape and Urban Planning, Vol.99, pp.187–195.


7. Nightingale, F., 1863. Observations on the Evidence Contained in the Stational Reports Submitted to Her by the Royal Commission on the Sanitary State of the Army in India: By Florence Nightingale


8. Ulrich, R.S., 1984. View through a Window May Influence Recovery from Surgery, Journal of Science, Vol.224, pp.420-421.


9. Hartig, T., Evans, G. W., Jamner, L. D., Davis, D. S., Garling, T., 2003. Tracking restoration in natural and urban field settings, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol.23, pp.109–123.


10. Ottosson, J., Grahn, P., 2005. A comparison of leisure time spent in a garden with leisure time spent indoors: on measures of restoration in residents in Geriatric care, Journal of Landscape Research, Vol.30, pp.23–55.


11. Van den Berg, A.E., Hartig, T., Staats, H., 2007. Preference for nature in urbanized societies: stress, restoration, and the pursuit of sustainability, Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 63(1):pp.79–96.


12. Wood, L., Hooper, P., Foster, S., Bull, F., 2017. Public green spaces and positive mental health – investigating the relationship between access, quantity and types of parks and mental wellbeing, Journal of Health & Place, Vol.48, pp. 63-71.


13. Moore, T. H. M., Kesten, J. M., López-López, J. A., Ijaz, S., Audrey, S., 2018. The effects of changes to the built environment on the mental health and well-being of adults: Systematic review, Journal of Health & Place, Vol.53, pp. 237-257.


14. Su, J.G., Dadvand, P., Nieuwenhuijsen, M.J., Bartoll, X., Jerrett, M., 2019. Associations of green space metrics with health and behavior outcomes at different buffer sizes and remote sensing sensor resolutions, Journal of Environment International, Vol.126, pp. 162-170.


15. Hunter, R.F., Cleland, C., Cleary, A., Droomers, M., Braubach, M., 2019. Environmental, health, wellbeing, social and equity effects of urban green space interventions: A meta-narrative evidence synthesis, Journal of Environment International, Vol.130, Article 104923.


16. Hoisington, A.J., Yoder, K.A.S., Schuldt, S.J., Beemer, C.J., 2019. Ten questions concerning the built environment and mental health, Journal of Building and Environment, Vol.155, pp. 58-69.


17. Golchin, P., Naroei, B., Masnavi, M.R., 2013. Evaluating visual quality of educational campus based on users preferences (Case study: Sistan and Baluchestan University), Journal of Environmental Studies, Vol.62, pp.135-150. (In Persian with English abstract).


18. Chambel, M.J., Curral, L., 2005. Stress in academic life: work characteristics as predictors of student well-being and performance, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.54, pp.135–147.

19.   Jones, D.R., 2013. The Biophilic University: A de-familiarizing organizational metaphor for ecological sustainability, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.48, pp.148-165.

20.   Krasny, M.E., Delia, J., 2014. Natural area stewardship as part of campus sustainability, Journal of Cleaner, pp.1-10

21.   Montacchinia, E., Tedescoa, S., Rondinonea, T., 2017. Greenery for a university campus: does it affect indoor environmental quality and user well-being?, Journal of Energy Procedia, Vol.122, pp.289-294.

22.   Abdelaal, M. S., 2019. Biophilic campus: An emerging planning approach for a sustainable innovation-conducive university, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.215, pp. 1445-1456.

1. Nikbakht, A., 2005. Medical studies in modern landscape: healing gardens, Journal of Baghe-Nazar, Vol.2, pp.79-82. (In Persian with English abstract).


2. Wichrowski, M., Whiteson, J., Haas, F., Mola, A., Rey, M., 2005. Effects of horticultural therapy on mood and heart rate in patients participating in an inpatient cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Vol. 25(5), pp.270-274.


3. Marcus, C.C., Barnes, M., 2003. Healing Gardens: Therapeutic Benefits and Design Recommendations. New York: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 27-86.


4. Wilson, E., 2002. The Future of Life, London: Little Brown, pp. 229.


5. Spirn, A.W., 2006. The language of landscape, Translate: Bahrani, H., Aminzadeh, B., second Ed. University of Tehran press. (In Persian)


6. Organization of management and planning of Iran, 2001. Principles of urban green space design, pp.19-196. (In Persian)