A survey on the significance of designing the healing gardens in campuses sites to enhance spatial desirability: The case of University of Sistan and Baluchestan

Subject Areas : Environmental acriculture

Peiman Golchin ¹ , mohsen kafi ² , Niloofar Sarani ³

1 - Lecturer, Department of Landscape Design Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran. *(Corresponding Author)
2 - Professor, Department of Landscape Design Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran.
3 - Student of MSc. Landscape Design Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

Received: 2019-05-08 Accepted : 2019-10-02 Published : 2021-12-22

Keywords: spatial desirability, natural views, Mental health, campus, Healing gardens,

Abstract :

Background and Objectives: The main objective of this research is to investigate the importance and impact of the presence of healing gardens in the campus on the spatial desirability and the mental health of its users. This research focuses on the campus of University of Sistan and Baluchestan.Material and Methodology: In this research, a descriptive- analytical method is used. The necessary Data needed for research were collected using library sources, field survey and a questionnaire. Then, out of 24 gardens in the campus, six were selected as the study cases. The statistical sample was calculated by Cochran’s formula to be 376 individuals in order to prepare a questionnaire and data analysis. In the next phase, the data derived from questionnaires were analyzed and the results were organized in separate tables and charts.Findings: According to the findings, Kuhestan Garden is the most effective and Western Qaem Garden is the least effective healing garden in order to improve the spatial desirability of the University of Sistan and Baluchestan campus. Among the five studied criteria, the participants selected ‘diverse and rich vegetation as the most important criterion effective for the use of a garden by its users and also for the improvement of spatial desirability of the campus. The results show that most of users believe that the presence of healing gardens and natural landscapes on the campus have a positive impact on their mental and psychological health. They also believe that these gardens are a source of motivation for better learning of the educational materials and a mean for improving their grades.Discussion and Conclusion: The findings lead us to the conclusion that the designing and construction of healing gardens on the campus can have positive impacts on the mental health of the users via enhancing the visual quality and the desirability of the campus. Therefore, the design and construction of healing gardens and natural landscapes in Universities campus are highly recommended.

References:

1. Maller, C.,  Townsend, M.,  Pryor, A.,  Brown, P.,  Leger, L., 2006. Healthy nature healthy people: ‘contact with nature’ as an upstream health promotion intervention for populations, Health Promotion International, Vol.21, pp.45–54.


2. Van den Berg, A.E., Koole, S.L., Van der Wulp, N.Y., 2003. Environmental preference and restoration: (How) are they related? , Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol.23, pp.135-146.


3. Lau, S. S. Y., Yang, F., 2009. Introducing Healing Gardens into a Compact University Campus: Design Natural Space to Create Healthy and Sustainable Campuses, Journal of Landscape Research, Vol.34, pp.55-81.


4. Lau, S.S.Y., Gou, Z., Liu, Y., 2014. Healthy campus by open space design: Approaches and guidelines, Frontiers of Architectural Research, Vol.3, pp.452–467.


5. Shahcheraghi, A., Bandar Abad, A., 2016. Environed in environment: Application of environmental psychology to architecture and urban design, first Ed. Tehran press. (In Persian)


6. Thompson, C.W., 2011. Linking landscape and health: the recurring theme, Journal of Landscape and Urban Planning, Vol.99, pp.187–195.


7. Nightingale, F., 1863. Observations on the Evidence Contained in the Stational Reports Submitted to Her by the Royal Commission on the Sanitary State of the Army in India: By Florence Nightingale


8. Ulrich, R.S., 1984. View through a Window May Influence Recovery from Surgery, Journal of Science, Vol.224, pp.420-421.


9. Hartig, T., Evans, G. W., Jamner, L. D., Davis, D. S., Garling, T., 2003. Tracking restoration in natural and urban field settings, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol.23, pp.109–123.


10. Ottosson, J., Grahn, P., 2005. A comparison of leisure time spent in a garden with leisure time spent indoors: on measures of restoration in residents in Geriatric care, Journal of Landscape Research, Vol.30, pp.23–55.


11. Van den Berg, A.E., Hartig, T., Staats, H., 2007. Preference for nature in urbanized societies: stress, restoration, and the pursuit of sustainability, Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 63(1):pp.79–96.


12. Wood, L., Hooper, P., Foster, S., Bull, F., 2017. Public green spaces and positive mental health – investigating the relationship between access, quantity and types of parks and mental wellbeing, Journal of Health & Place, Vol.48, pp. 63-71.


13. Moore, T. H. M., Kesten, J. M., López-López, J. A., Ijaz, S., Audrey, S., 2018. The effects of changes to the built environment on the mental health and well-being of adults: Systematic review, Journal of Health & Place, Vol.53, pp. 237-257.


14. Su, J.G., Dadvand, P., Nieuwenhuijsen, M.J., Bartoll, X., Jerrett, M., 2019. Associations of green space metrics with health and behavior outcomes at different buffer sizes and remote sensing sensor resolutions, Journal of Environment International, Vol.126, pp. 162-170.


15. Hunter, R.F., Cleland, C., Cleary, A., Droomers, M., Braubach, M., 2019. Environmental, health, wellbeing, social and equity effects of urban green space interventions: A meta-narrative evidence synthesis, Journal of Environment International, Vol.130, Article 104923.


16. Hoisington, A.J., Yoder, K.A.S., Schuldt, S.J., Beemer, C.J., 2019. Ten questions concerning the built environment and mental health, Journal of Building and Environment, Vol.155, pp. 58-69.


17. Golchin, P., Naroei, B., Masnavi, M.R., 2013. Evaluating visual quality of educational campus based on users preferences (Case study: Sistan and Baluchestan University), Journal of Environmental Studies, Vol.62, pp.135-150. (In Persian with English abstract).


18. Chambel, M.J., Curral, L., 2005. Stress in academic life: work characteristics as predictors of student well-being and performance, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.54, pp.135–147.

19.   Jones, D.R., 2013. The Biophilic University: A de-familiarizing organizational metaphor for ecological sustainability, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.48, pp.148-165.

20.   Krasny, M.E., Delia, J., 2014. Natural area stewardship as part of campus sustainability, Journal of Cleaner, pp.1-10

21.   Montacchinia, E., Tedescoa, S., Rondinonea, T., 2017. Greenery for a university campus: does it affect indoor environmental quality and user well-being?, Journal of Energy Procedia, Vol.122, pp.289-294.

22.   Abdelaal, M. S., 2019. Biophilic campus: An emerging planning approach for a sustainable innovation-conducive university, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.215, pp. 1445-1456.

1. Nikbakht, A., 2005. Medical studies in modern landscape: healing gardens, Journal of Baghe-Nazar, Vol.2, pp.79-82. (In Persian with English abstract).


2. Wichrowski, M., Whiteson, J., Haas, F., Mola, A., Rey, M., 2005. Effects of horticultural therapy on mood and heart rate in patients participating in an inpatient cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Vol. 25(5), pp.270-274.


3. Marcus, C.C., Barnes, M., 2003. Healing Gardens: Therapeutic Benefits and Design Recommendations. New York: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 27-86.


4. Wilson, E., 2002. The Future of Life, London: Little Brown, pp. 229.


5. Spirn, A.W., 2006. The language of landscape, Translate: Bahrani, H., Aminzadeh, B., second Ed. University of Tehran press. (In Persian)


6. Organization of management and planning of Iran, 2001. Principles of urban green space design, pp.19-196. (In Persian)

 

 

 

 

 

1. Maller, C.,  Townsend, M.,  Pryor, A.,  Brown, P.,  Leger, L., 2006. Healthy nature healthy people: ‘contact with nature’ as an upstream health promotion intervention for populations, Health Promotion International, Vol.21, pp.45–54.


2. Van den Berg, A.E., Koole, S.L., Van der Wulp, N.Y., 2003. Environmental preference and restoration: (How) are they related? , Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol.23, pp.135-146.


3. Lau, S. S. Y., Yang, F., 2009. Introducing Healing Gardens into a Compact University Campus: Design Natural Space to Create Healthy and Sustainable Campuses, Journal of Landscape Research, Vol.34, pp.55-81.


4. Lau, S.S.Y., Gou, Z., Liu, Y., 2014. Healthy campus by open space design: Approaches and guidelines, Frontiers of Architectural Research, Vol.3, pp.452–467.


5. Shahcheraghi, A., Bandar Abad, A., 2016. Environed in environment: Application of environmental psychology to architecture and urban design, first Ed. Tehran press. (In Persian)


6. Thompson, C.W., 2011. Linking landscape and health: the recurring theme, Journal of Landscape and Urban Planning, Vol.99, pp.187–195.


7. Nightingale, F., 1863. Observations on the Evidence Contained in the Stational Reports Submitted to Her by the Royal Commission on the Sanitary State of the Army in India: By Florence Nightingale


8. Ulrich, R.S., 1984. View through a Window May Influence Recovery from Surgery, Journal of Science, Vol.224, pp.420-421.


9. Hartig, T., Evans, G. W., Jamner, L. D., Davis, D. S., Garling, T., 2003. Tracking restoration in natural and urban field settings, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol.23, pp.109–123.


10. Ottosson, J., Grahn, P., 2005. A comparison of leisure time spent in a garden with leisure time spent indoors: on measures of restoration in residents in Geriatric care, Journal of Landscape Research, Vol.30, pp.23–55.


11. Van den Berg, A.E., Hartig, T., Staats, H., 2007. Preference for nature in urbanized societies: stress, restoration, and the pursuit of sustainability, Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 63(1):pp.79–96.


12. Wood, L., Hooper, P., Foster, S., Bull, F., 2017. Public green spaces and positive mental health – investigating the relationship between access, quantity and types of parks and mental wellbeing, Journal of Health & Place, Vol.48, pp. 63-71.


13. Moore, T. H. M., Kesten, J. M., López-López, J. A., Ijaz, S., Audrey, S., 2018. The effects of changes to the built environment on the mental health and well-being of adults: Systematic review, Journal of Health & Place, Vol.53, pp. 237-257.


14. Su, J.G., Dadvand, P., Nieuwenhuijsen, M.J., Bartoll, X., Jerrett, M., 2019. Associations of green space metrics with health and behavior outcomes at different buffer sizes and remote sensing sensor resolutions, Journal of Environment International, Vol.126, pp. 162-170.


15. Hunter, R.F., Cleland, C., Cleary, A., Droomers, M., Braubach, M., 2019. Environmental, health, wellbeing, social and equity effects of urban green space interventions: A meta-narrative evidence synthesis, Journal of Environment International, Vol.130, Article 104923.


16. Hoisington, A.J., Yoder, K.A.S., Schuldt, S.J., Beemer, C.J., 2019. Ten questions concerning the built environment and mental health, Journal of Building and Environment, Vol.155, pp. 58-69.


17. Golchin, P., Naroei, B., Masnavi, M.R., 2013. Evaluating visual quality of educational campus based on users preferences (Case study: Sistan and Baluchestan University), Journal of Environmental Studies, Vol.62, pp.135-150. (In Persian with English abstract).


18. Chambel, M.J., Curral, L., 2005. Stress in academic life: work characteristics as predictors of student well-being and performance, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.54, pp.135–147.

19.   Jones, D.R., 2013. The Biophilic University: A de-familiarizing organizational metaphor for ecological sustainability, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.48, pp.148-165.

20.   Krasny, M.E., Delia, J., 2014. Natural area stewardship as part of campus sustainability, Journal of Cleaner, pp.1-10

21.   Montacchinia, E., Tedescoa, S., Rondinonea, T., 2017. Greenery for a university campus: does it affect indoor environmental quality and user well-being?, Journal of Energy Procedia, Vol.122, pp.289-294.

22.   Abdelaal, M. S., 2019. Biophilic campus: An emerging planning approach for a sustainable innovation-conducive university, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.215, pp. 1445-1456.

1. Nikbakht, A., 2005. Medical studies in modern landscape: healing gardens, Journal of Baghe-Nazar, Vol.2, pp.79-82. (In Persian with English abstract).


2. Wichrowski, M., Whiteson, J., Haas, F., Mola, A., Rey, M., 2005. Effects of horticultural therapy on mood and heart rate in patients participating in an inpatient cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Vol. 25(5), pp.270-274.


3. Marcus, C.C., Barnes, M., 2003. Healing Gardens: Therapeutic Benefits and Design Recommendations. New York: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 27-86.


4. Wilson, E., 2002. The Future of Life, London: Little Brown, pp. 229.


5. Spirn, A.W., 2006. The language of landscape, Translate: Bahrani, H., Aminzadeh, B., second Ed. University of Tehran press. (In Persian)


6. Organization of management and planning of Iran, 2001. Principles of urban green space design, pp.19-196. (In Persian)

 

 

1. Maller, C.,  Townsend, M.,  Pryor, A.,  Brown, P.,  Leger, L., 2006. Healthy nature healthy people: ‘contact with nature’ as an upstream health promotion intervention for populations, Health Promotion International, Vol.21, pp.45–54.


2. Van den Berg, A.E., Koole, S.L., Van der Wulp, N.Y., 2003. Environmental preference and restoration: (How) are they related? , Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol.23, pp.135-146.


3. Lau, S. S. Y., Yang, F., 2009. Introducing Healing Gardens into a Compact University Campus: Design Natural Space to Create Healthy and Sustainable Campuses, Journal of Landscape Research, Vol.34, pp.55-81.


4. Lau, S.S.Y., Gou, Z., Liu, Y., 2014. Healthy campus by open space design: Approaches and guidelines, Frontiers of Architectural Research, Vol.3, pp.452–467.


5. Shahcheraghi, A., Bandar Abad, A., 2016. Environed in environment: Application of environmental psychology to architecture and urban design, first Ed. Tehran press. (In Persian)


6. Thompson, C.W., 2011. Linking landscape and health: the recurring theme, Journal of Landscape and Urban Planning, Vol.99, pp.187–195.


7. Nightingale, F., 1863. Observations on the Evidence Contained in the Stational Reports Submitted to Her by the Royal Commission on the Sanitary State of the Army in India: By Florence Nightingale


8. Ulrich, R.S., 1984. View through a Window May Influence Recovery from Surgery, Journal of Science, Vol.224, pp.420-421.


9. Hartig, T., Evans, G. W., Jamner, L. D., Davis, D. S., Garling, T., 2003. Tracking restoration in natural and urban field settings, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol.23, pp.109–123.


10. Ottosson, J., Grahn, P., 2005. A comparison of leisure time spent in a garden with leisure time spent indoors: on measures of restoration in residents in Geriatric care, Journal of Landscape Research, Vol.30, pp.23–55.


11. Van den Berg, A.E., Hartig, T., Staats, H., 2007. Preference for nature in urbanized societies: stress, restoration, and the pursuit of sustainability, Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 63(1):pp.79–96.


12. Wood, L., Hooper, P., Foster, S., Bull, F., 2017. Public green spaces and positive mental health – investigating the relationship between access, quantity and types of parks and mental wellbeing, Journal of Health & Place, Vol.48, pp. 63-71.


13. Moore, T. H. M., Kesten, J. M., López-López, J. A., Ijaz, S., Audrey, S., 2018. The effects of changes to the built environment on the mental health and well-being of adults: Systematic review, Journal of Health & Place, Vol.53, pp. 237-257.


14. Su, J.G., Dadvand, P., Nieuwenhuijsen, M.J., Bartoll, X., Jerrett, M., 2019. Associations of green space metrics with health and behavior outcomes at different buffer sizes and remote sensing sensor resolutions, Journal of Environment International, Vol.126, pp. 162-170.


15. Hunter, R.F., Cleland, C., Cleary, A., Droomers, M., Braubach, M., 2019. Environmental, health, wellbeing, social and equity effects of urban green space interventions: A meta-narrative evidence synthesis, Journal of Environment International, Vol.130, Article 104923.


16. Hoisington, A.J., Yoder, K.A.S., Schuldt, S.J., Beemer, C.J., 2019. Ten questions concerning the built environment and mental health, Journal of Building and Environment, Vol.155, pp. 58-69.


17. Golchin, P., Naroei, B., Masnavi, M.R., 2013. Evaluating visual quality of educational campus based on users preferences (Case study: Sistan and Baluchestan University), Journal of Environmental Studies, Vol.62, pp.135-150. (In Persian with English abstract).


18. Chambel, M.J., Curral, L., 2005. Stress in academic life: work characteristics as predictors of student well-being and performance, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.54, pp.135–147.

19.   Jones, D.R., 2013. The Biophilic University: A de-familiarizing organizational metaphor for ecological sustainability, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.48, pp.148-165.

20.   Krasny, M.E., Delia, J., 2014. Natural area stewardship as part of campus sustainability, Journal of Cleaner, pp.1-10

21.   Montacchinia, E., Tedescoa, S., Rondinonea, T., 2017. Greenery for a university campus: does it affect indoor environmental quality and user well-being?, Journal of Energy Procedia, Vol.122, pp.289-294.

22.   Abdelaal, M. S., 2019. Biophilic campus: An emerging planning approach for a sustainable innovation-conducive university, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.215, pp. 1445-1456.

1. Nikbakht, A., 2005. Medical studies in modern landscape: healing gardens, Journal of Baghe-Nazar, Vol.2, pp.79-82. (In Persian with English abstract).


2. Wichrowski, M., Whiteson, J., Haas, F., Mola, A., Rey, M., 2005. Effects of horticultural therapy on mood and heart rate in patients participating in an inpatient cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Vol. 25(5), pp.270-274.


3. Marcus, C.C., Barnes, M., 2003. Healing Gardens: Therapeutic Benefits and Design Recommendations. New York: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 27-86.


4. Wilson, E., 2002. The Future of Life, London: Little Brown, pp. 229.


5. Spirn, A.W., 2006. The language of landscape, Translate: Bahrani, H., Aminzadeh, B., second Ed. University of Tehran press. (In Persian)


6. Organization of management and planning of Iran, 2001. Principles of urban green space design, pp.19-196. (In Persian)