سایت موزه کشاورزی, راهبردی آموزشی جهت ارتقاء محیط زیست شهری
محورهای موضوعی :
طراحی محیط زیست
ندا زرکش
1
,
رضا سامه
2
,
محمدمهدی ضرابی
3
1 - کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران.* (مسئول مکاتبات)
2 - استادیار گروه مهندسی معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران
3 - استادیار گروه مهندسی علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1396/01/25
تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/05/25
تاریخ انتشار : 1398/07/01
کلید واژه:
منظر شهری,
پایداری زیست محیطی,
کشاورزی,
سایت موزه,
آموزش,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: امروزه یکی از مهم ترین راهبردها در مواجهه با افزایش جمعیت شهرها، طراحی فضای سبز در بخشی از ساختار شهری می باشد. موضوع توانمند سازی در سطوح شهری و منطقه ای بهتر است در خدمت ضروریات زندگی و پاسخگویی به نیاز شهروندان صورت گیرد. همچنین در کشور ما کشاورزی از میراث ارزشمندی برخوردار است، کوچک شمردن این امر در یک کشور مستعد، نه تنها تأمین غذا را تهدید می کند، بلکه سلامت محیطی را نیز به خطر می اندازد. از آنجایی که مسائلی چون افزایش جمعیت و تغییرات آب و هوایی، لزوم توجه به محیط زیست را ایجاب می کند، بنابراین هدف این مقاله ارتقاء شرایط محیطی از طریق ایجاد سایت موزه کشاورزی و برقراری ارتباط میان محیط انسان ساخت و بسترهای طبیعی است تا بتوان شرایط مناسبی را جهت آموزش، ایجاد فرهنگ صحیح زیست محیطی و توسعه‌ی فضای تفرجگاهی فراهم کرد. روش بررسی: پژوهش حاضر از لحاظ روش با اتکاء به شیوه‌ی توصیف و تحلیل انجام گرفته است. بدین‌ترتیب که پس از بیان پیشینه ای پیرامون نمونه های اجرا شده در رابطه با موضوع و عملکرد آنها، به رویکردها و اهداف مرتبط جهت آموزش کشاورزی در شهر و حومه‌ی آن پرداخته شده است که در نهایت عملکردهای پیشنهادی در سایت موزه‌‌‌ی کشاورزی به شش عامل دسته بندی و تأثیر آنها بر هریک از رویکردهای بیان شده تحلیل می گردد. یافتهها و نتایج: یافته های تحقیق بیان می کند که اختصاص زمین هایی در شهر و حومه آن به زمین های مثمر همچون سایت موزه کشاورزی علاوه بر بهبود جنبه‌های فرهنگی، تفریحی و جذب مخاطب می تواند پایداری زیست محیطی و شرایط اکولوژیکی مناسب را فراهم کند و نقش سازنده ای در افزایش کیفیت منظر شهری داشته باشد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Nowadays, one of the most important strategies in the face of the increased population of cities is the design of green space in part of the urban structure. Empowerment at the urban and regional levels should meet the needs of life and respond to the needs of citizens. Agriculture has a valuable heritage in Iran and depreciating it in this rich and talented country not only threatens food security, but also endangers environmental health. Since issues such as population growth and climate change require considering the environment. The purpose of this article is to promote environmental conditions by creating an agricultural museum site and establishing a link between the man-made environment and natural environment in order to provide good conditions for education and create a good environmental culture and expand the recreational space.
Methodology: The present study uses a descriptive and analytical research method. After describing the previous studies in this field as well as their function, the approaches and goals related to agricultural education in the city and its suburbs will be discussed and the proposed activities on Agricultural Museum Site will be classified into six factors and their impact on each of the mentioned approaches will be analyzed.
Findings: The findings of the research show that urban and suburban agricultural approaches, productive urban landscape, design of ecosystems and performance analysis of each one, including their educational, tourism, recreational, economic, social and cultural roles and climatic changes help promote the quality of the natural environment
Discussion and Conclusion: The Agricultural Museum Site is a naturalistic approach and presented as an educational approach to promote the urban environment in this research. Therefore, the allocation of urban and suburban lands to productive lands, such as the Agricultural Museum Site and its proper management as part of the social spaces of cities and a place for social interactions have helped revive the green space and improve the quality of the living environment in the city.
منابع و مأخذ:
Sheikholeslami, M. 1996. Designing the Botanical Garden of Tropical and Subtropical Regions of Dezful. Master's Thesis: Tehran: University of Tehran, pp. 10-12. [In Persian]
2. Wong, T.C., Yuen, B., 2013. Ecological urban planning, policies, experiences, and design. Translated by Mohammad Rahim Rahnama and Elahe Karimi, Mashad, Jahad-e Daneshgahi Publications. [In Persian]
3. (3)Sheibani, M.; Sadeghi, Z., 2012. Productive Landscape, Attention to the Environment; The Role of Agriculture in the Formation of Urban Landscape, Journal of Landscape, Vol. 4, Iss. 21, pp. 10-15. [In Persian]
Zachrisson, S., 1984. Agricultural museums - the story and propagation of an idea , Museums and the agriculture in the 1980s, Vol.36, PP.121-124.
Baker, B., Jack, J., 2003. Feasibility of Establishing a Museum of Kentucky Agriculture, Research Report No. 309, prepared by the Legislative Research Commission and printed with state funds.
Niknejadi, G., 2012. Design of Tehran Botanical Garden with Bionic Architecture Approach, Master's Thesis, University of Tehran, pp. 14-16. [In Persian]
Prance, G.T., 2010. A brief history of conservation at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Kew Bulletin, Vol. 65, pp.501-508.
Panahi, P., Hassannejad, M., Zand Basari, M., Pourhashemi, M., 2014. Evaluation of Visitor's Perspective in Planning of Iran's National Botanic Garden, Environment and Development Bi-quarterly, Vol. 5, Iss. 9, pp.73-84. [In Persian]
He, H., Chen, J., 2012. Educational and enjoyment benefits of visitor education centers at botanical gardens, Biological Conservation, Vol.149, pp.103–112.
Alderson, T., Valerie B., Culbertson, J., 2013. Arizona gardens for learning, creating and sustaining your school gardens, Arizona Department of Agriculture.
Motaharifar, H. Agricultural Education in Elementary Schools, 2014. A Strategy for Sustainable Development, Monthly Journal of Livestock, Agriculture and Industry, Iss. 172, pp. 32-42. [In Persian]
FAO, 2010. A new ideal for school garden. ISBN 978-92-5-106615-7.
Kulak, M., Graves, A., & Chatterton, J., 2013. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions with urban agriculture: a life cycle assessment perspective. Landscape and urban planning, Vol.111, pp.68-78.
Farzad Behtash, M., Aqhababaei, M., Mohammad Amini, M., 2000. Urban Agriculture, City Knowledge, Research Group: Crisis Management, Tehran: Study and Planning Center of Tehran City, Iss. 25, p. 9. [In Persian]
Daneshpour, A., 2009. Sustainable Urban Agriculture, Necessities and Solutions", Conference of New Ideas in Urban Management, Tehran: Center for Studies and Planning of Tehran City. [In Persian]
Dieleman, H., 2017. Urban agriculrure in Mexico City, Balancing between ecological, economic, social and symbolic value, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.163, pp. 156-163.
FAO, 2014. Growing Greener Cities in Latin America and the Caribbean. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, p.2.
Sheibani, Mehdi; Chamran, Sanaz. 2002. Productive Urban Network, A Solution to Achieve Sustainable Development", Journal of Landscape, Vol. 4, Iss. 20, pp. 18-23.[In Persian]
Bohn, K., Viljoen, A., 2013. "Cpul an ever-effective urban landscape, a new approach to combining agriculture and the city," translated by Shahrzad Khademi, Landscape Journal, No. 20, pp.12-17. [In Persian]
Kugler, E., 2009. Intermediate nature: The landscape of Michel Desvigne, Birkhauser publication, p.101.
FAO, 2007. Profitability and sustainability of urban and peri-urban agriculture, Rome.
Jabareen, Y.R., 2006. Sustainable urban forms : their typologies, models, and concept. Journal of Planning Education and Research, Vol.26, pp.38-52.
Yeang, K., 2008. Ecoskyscrapers and Economics: New tall buildings typologies, CTBUH 2008 8th Congress, Dubai, p.3.
Gorji Mahalbani, y., 2010. "Sustainable Architecture and its Criticism in the Field of Environment", Scientific-Research Journal of Society for Iran’s Architecture and Urban Planning, Iss. 1. [In Persian]
Curwell, S., Deakin, M., Symes, M., 2013. Sustainable urban development, Translated by Asghar Zarrabi, Rasool Babanasab, Jabbar Alizadeh, Elmafarin publication, First Edition. [In Persian]
26. Botkin, D., Keller, A., 2012. Ecology. Translated by Abdolhossein Vahabzadeh, 8th Edition, Mashhad University Jihad Press. [In Persian]
Sutic, N., 2003. How green roofs can improve the urban environmental in uptown Waterloo, University of Waterloo, Enviromental studies.
Deelstra, T., Girardet, H., 2000. Urban Agriculture and Sustainable Cities, Thematic Paper, Resource Center on Urban Agriculture and Forestry.
Mazereeuw, B., 2005. Urban agriculture report, Prepared for the region of Waterloo Growth management Strategy, public Health planner.
Ghimire, S., 2008. Urban Agriculture in the Urban Landscape: An Analysis of Successful Urban Agriculture in the U.S, Master Thesis, University of Cincinnati, pp.18-20.
_||_
Sheikholeslami, M. 1996. Designing the Botanical Garden of Tropical and Subtropical Regions of Dezful. Master's Thesis: Tehran: University of Tehran, pp. 10-12. [In Persian]
2. Wong, T.C., Yuen, B., 2013. Ecological urban planning, policies, experiences, and design. Translated by Mohammad Rahim Rahnama and Elahe Karimi, Mashad, Jahad-e Daneshgahi Publications. [In Persian]
3. (3)Sheibani, M.; Sadeghi, Z., 2012. Productive Landscape, Attention to the Environment; The Role of Agriculture in the Formation of Urban Landscape, Journal of Landscape, Vol. 4, Iss. 21, pp. 10-15. [In Persian]
Zachrisson, S., 1984. Agricultural museums - the story and propagation of an idea , Museums and the agriculture in the 1980s, Vol.36, PP.121-124.
Baker, B., Jack, J., 2003. Feasibility of Establishing a Museum of Kentucky Agriculture, Research Report No. 309, prepared by the Legislative Research Commission and printed with state funds.
Niknejadi, G., 2012. Design of Tehran Botanical Garden with Bionic Architecture Approach, Master's Thesis, University of Tehran, pp. 14-16. [In Persian]
Prance, G.T., 2010. A brief history of conservation at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Kew Bulletin, Vol. 65, pp.501-508.
Panahi, P., Hassannejad, M., Zand Basari, M., Pourhashemi, M., 2014. Evaluation of Visitor's Perspective in Planning of Iran's National Botanic Garden, Environment and Development Bi-quarterly, Vol. 5, Iss. 9, pp.73-84. [In Persian]
He, H., Chen, J., 2012. Educational and enjoyment benefits of visitor education centers at botanical gardens, Biological Conservation, Vol.149, pp.103–112.
Alderson, T., Valerie B., Culbertson, J., 2013. Arizona gardens for learning, creating and sustaining your school gardens, Arizona Department of Agriculture.
Motaharifar, H. Agricultural Education in Elementary Schools, 2014. A Strategy for Sustainable Development, Monthly Journal of Livestock, Agriculture and Industry, Iss. 172, pp. 32-42. [In Persian]
FAO, 2010. A new ideal for school garden. ISBN 978-92-5-106615-7.
Kulak, M., Graves, A., & Chatterton, J., 2013. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions with urban agriculture: a life cycle assessment perspective. Landscape and urban planning, Vol.111, pp.68-78.
Farzad Behtash, M., Aqhababaei, M., Mohammad Amini, M., 2000. Urban Agriculture, City Knowledge, Research Group: Crisis Management, Tehran: Study and Planning Center of Tehran City, Iss. 25, p. 9. [In Persian]
Daneshpour, A., 2009. Sustainable Urban Agriculture, Necessities and Solutions", Conference of New Ideas in Urban Management, Tehran: Center for Studies and Planning of Tehran City. [In Persian]
Dieleman, H., 2017. Urban agriculrure in Mexico City, Balancing between ecological, economic, social and symbolic value, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.163, pp. 156-163.
FAO, 2014. Growing Greener Cities in Latin America and the Caribbean. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, p.2.
Sheibani, Mehdi; Chamran, Sanaz. 2002. Productive Urban Network, A Solution to Achieve Sustainable Development", Journal of Landscape, Vol. 4, Iss. 20, pp. 18-23.[In Persian]
Bohn, K., Viljoen, A., 2013. "Cpul an ever-effective urban landscape, a new approach to combining agriculture and the city," translated by Shahrzad Khademi, Landscape Journal, No. 20, pp.12-17. [In Persian]
Kugler, E., 2009. Intermediate nature: The landscape of Michel Desvigne, Birkhauser publication, p.101.
FAO, 2007. Profitability and sustainability of urban and peri-urban agriculture, Rome.
Jabareen, Y.R., 2006. Sustainable urban forms : their typologies, models, and concept. Journal of Planning Education and Research, Vol.26, pp.38-52.
Yeang, K., 2008. Ecoskyscrapers and Economics: New tall buildings typologies, CTBUH 2008 8th Congress, Dubai, p.3.
Gorji Mahalbani, y., 2010. "Sustainable Architecture and its Criticism in the Field of Environment", Scientific-Research Journal of Society for Iran’s Architecture and Urban Planning, Iss. 1. [In Persian]
Curwell, S., Deakin, M., Symes, M., 2013. Sustainable urban development, Translated by Asghar Zarrabi, Rasool Babanasab, Jabbar Alizadeh, Elmafarin publication, First Edition. [In Persian]
26. Botkin, D., Keller, A., 2012. Ecology. Translated by Abdolhossein Vahabzadeh, 8th Edition, Mashhad University Jihad Press. [In Persian]
Sutic, N., 2003. How green roofs can improve the urban environmental in uptown Waterloo, University of Waterloo, Enviromental studies.
Deelstra, T., Girardet, H., 2000. Urban Agriculture and Sustainable Cities, Thematic Paper, Resource Center on Urban Agriculture and Forestry.
Mazereeuw, B., 2005. Urban agriculture report, Prepared for the region of Waterloo Growth management Strategy, public Health planner.
Ghimire, S., 2008. Urban Agriculture in the Urban Landscape: An Analysis of Successful Urban Agriculture in the U.S, Master Thesis, University of Cincinnati, pp.18-20.
