Comparing Aerodynamic Terminal Velocity of Open and Closed Mouth Pistachio Nuts Using Wind Column
Subject Areas : Pistachio
Kobra
Heidarbeigi
1
(Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran)
Sadegh
Samadi
2
(Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran)
Keywords: Pistachio, Aerodynamic properties, Pneumatic separation, Terminal velocity,
Abstract :
Determining the terminal velocity as one of the important aerodynamic properties of particles and grains is essential for pneumatic separation, grading, and handling. A wind tunnel system was used in the present research to measure the aerodynamic terminal velocity of pistachio nuts. Some physical properties were measured and calculated. The effects of pistachio mouth status at four levels (closed, open, and semi-open mouth, and shell) were investigated on its terminal velocity. The volume, mass and density of that were 1.33±0.37 cm3, 0.97±0.31 g and 0.72±0.18 g cm3-1, respectively. The average aerodynamic terminal velocity of pistachio was 9.43±1.38 m s-1. The aerodynamic terminal velocity of the pistachio had a direct relationship with the studied physical characteristics, except for density. The terminal velocity of open-mouth pistachio nuts (9.50±0.61 m s-1) was significantly lower than that of closed (10.12±0.51 m s-1) and semi-open mouth (10.16±0.62 m s-1) nuts, with the terminal velocity of the shells (6.51±0.65 m s-1) showing the lowest values. The results revealed that terminal velocity can be considered for pneumatic separation of shells from pistachio nuts as well as the separation of open-mouth nuts from closed-mouth ones.
Abdoshahi A, Mortazavi SA, Shabani AA, Elhamirad AH, Taheri M (2011) Evaluation of protein, fat and fatty acids content of the pistachio (Pistacia vera l.) cultivars of Damghan, Iran. International Journal of Nuts and Related Sciences. 2(4), 15-24.
Basati Z, Askari Asli-Ardeh E, Rasooli-Sharabiani V (20190 Effect of moisture content on terminal velocity of lentil grain. Research in Agricultural Engineering. 65(1), 7-12.
Chavoshgoli E, Abdollahpour S, Abdi R, Babaie A (2014) Aerodynamic and some physical properties of sunflower seeds as affected by moisture content. Agric Eng Int: CIGR Journal. 16(2), 136-142.
Eslami M, Nasibi F, Manouchehri Kalantari K, Khezri M, Oloumi H (2019) Effect of exogenous application of l-arginine and sodium nitroprusside on fruit abscission and physiological disorders of pistachio (Pistacia Vera L.) scions. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 6(1), 51-62.
Ghamari S, Borghei AM, Rabbani H, Khazaei J, Basati F (2010) Modeling the terminal velocity of agricultural seeds with artificial neural networks. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 5(5), 389-398.
Goldin A, Beckman JA, Schmidt AM, Creager MA (2006) Advanced glycation end products: sparking the development of diabetic vascular injury. Circulation. 114(6), 597-605.
Gonzalez-Montellano C, Fuentes JM, Ayuga-Tellez E, Ayuga F (2012) Determination of the mechanical properties of maize grains and olives required for use in DEM simulations. Journal of Food Engineering. 111(4), 553-562.
Gupta RK, Gopika A, Sharma R (2007), Aerodynamic properties of sunflower seed. Journal of Food Engineering. 79, 899-904.
Gürsoy S, Guzel E (2010) Determination of Physical Properties of some agricultural Grains. Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology. 2, 492-498.
Hemmat A, Emamy M, Razavi SJ, Masoumi AA (2007) Terminal velocity of chopped corn silage and its separate fractions as affected by moisture content. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Technology. 9, 15-23.
Hosseini N, Rezanejad F, ZamaniBahramabadi E (2022) Effects of soil texture, irrigation intervals, and cultivar on some nut qualities and different types of fruit blankness in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 9(1), 41-53.
Jordan RB, Clark CJ (2004) Sorting of kiwifruit for quality using drop velocity in water. ASAE 47(6), 1991–1998.
Kabas O, Kayakus M, Moiceanu G (2023) Nondestructive estimation of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) terminal velocity and drag coefficient based on some fruit physical properties using machine learning algorithms. Foods. 12(15), 1-16.
Kashaninejad M, Mortazavi A, Safekordi A, Tabil LG (2006) Some physical properties of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) nut and its kernel. Journal of Food Engineering. 72(1), 30-38.
Kheiralipour K (2008) Determination of terminal velocities of two apple varieties (cv; Redspar and Delbarstival) using water column. MSc Thesis. University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Kheiralipour K (2014) Theoretical modeling of fruit settling depth in water. International Journal of Food Properties. 17, 2361-2366.
Kheiralipour K, Kakaee M, Nouri B (2015) Experimental modeling of orange settling depth in water. CIGR Journal. 17(2), 221-227.
Kheiralipour K, Marzbani F (2016) Multivariate modeling of settling depth of apple fruit (Red Delicious variety) in water. Food Science & Nutrition. 4(2), 138-142.
Kheiralipour K, Tabatabaeefar A, Mobli H, Mohtasebi SS, Rafiee S, Rajabipour A, Jafari A (2010a) Terminal velocity and its relationship to physical characteristics of apple (Malus domestica borkg L.). International Journal of Food Properties. 13, 261-271.
Kheiralipour K, Tabatabaeefar A, Mobli H, Rafiee S, Rajabipour A, Jafari A, Mirzaee E (2010b) Modeling of dropping time of Kiwi fruit in water. International Journal of Food Properties. 13, 1315-1322.
Kheiralipour K, Tabatabaeefar A, Mobli H, Rafiee S, Sharifi M, Jafari A, Rajabipour A (2008) Some physical and hydrodynamic properties of two varieties of apple (Malus domestica Borkh L.). International Agrophysics. 22, 225-229.
Kroulik M, Hula J, Rybka A, Honzik I (2016) Pneumatic conveying characteristics of seeds in a vertical ascending airstream. Research Agricultural Engineering. 62(2), 56-63.
Masoumi AA, Rajabipour A, Tabil L, Akram AA (2003) Terminal velocity and frictional properties of garlic (Allium sativum L). Engineering in agricultural, Food and Biological Systems. 03-330.
Mohsenin NN (1986) Physical properties of plant and animal material. Goraon beach pollution. Routledge.pp. 758.
Razavi SMA, Rafe A, Akbari R (2017) Terminal velocity of pistachio nut and its kernel as affected by moisture content and variety. Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences. 3 (3), 1-4.
Masoumi M, Mahmoudi A, Alizadeh MR, Abdollahpour S (2020) Effect of awn on aerodynamic properties of paddy grains (Oryza Sativa L.). Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal 22(2), 208-216.
Nalbandi H, Seiiedlou S, Ghassemzadeh HR (2010) Aerodynamic properties of Turgenia latifolia seeds and wheat kernels. International Agrophysics. 24(1), 57-61.
Polat R, Aydin C, Bekir Erol AK (2007) Some physical and mechanical properties of pistachio nut. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science. 13, 237-246.
Rajabipour A, Tabatabaeefar A, Farahani M (20060 Effect of moisture on terminal velocity of wheat varieties. International Journal of Agricultural Engineering. 8, 10-13.
Roozban MR, Mohamadi N and Vahdati K (2006) Fat content and fatty acid composition of four Iranian pistachio varieties grown in Iran. Acta Horticulturae. 726, 573-577.
Sharifkhah M, Bakhshi D, Pourghayoumi M, Abdi S, Hokmabadi H (2020) Effect of pollination time on yield and antioxidant properties of some pistachio cultivars. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 7(1), 51-58.
Vasundhara CH, Rajender G, Teja R, Mamatha P, Sunil K (20190 Development and evaluation of terminal velocity apparatus for sorghum grains. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 8(3), 1962-1968.
Zewdu AD (2007) Aerodynamic properties of tef grain and straw material. Biosystems Engineering. 98(3), 304-309.