مطالعه دانش بومی گیاهان دارویی مورد استفاده در روستای چهارچشمه ( شهرستان خمین، استان مرکزی)
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی
1 - استادیار، گروه آموزش زیست شناسی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، صندوق پستی 889-14665 تهران، ایران
2 - دبیر رسمی زیست شناسی، آموزش و پرورش منطقه 18، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: گیاه مردم شناسی, اختلالات گوارشی, درمان, مصاحبه,
چکیده مقاله :
اتنوبوتانی به عنوان شاخه¬¬ای از دانش بومی، به بررسی چگونگی استفاده افراد یک قوم یا جامعه از گیاهان يک منطقه می‌پردازد. علي¬رغم پیشرفت‌های عظیم در تولید داروهای شیمیایی، استفاده از داروهای گیاهی و سنتی همچنان کارآمد و غیرقابل جایگزین به نظر می‌رسد. هدف از این پژوهش، شناخت گیاهان دارویی مورد استفاده مردم در روستای چهارچشمه از توابع استان مرکزی است. بدين منظور ابتدا با استفاده از روش پیمایش صحرایی لیست فلورستیک منطقه مورد نظر تهیه گردید و سپس با استفاده از پرسش¬نامه¬هايي، دانش بومی اهالی منطقه نظير نام محلی گياه، اندام مورداستفاده، طريقۀ مصرف و کاربرد گياهان دارويي منطقه از طریق روش های مصاحبه آزاد، نیمه ساختار یافته و مشارکتی با افراد بومی به‌دست آمد. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق، تعداد 41 گونه گیاهی متعلق به تعداد 17 خانواده مورد استفاده مردم روستای چهار چشمه قرار می¬گیرند. از این میان، خانواده¬های Lamiaceae، Fabaceae، Asteraceae و Apiaceae از بیشترین اهمیت برخوردارند. بالاترین مقدار فراوانی نسبی ثبت (RFC) به‌ترتیب متعلق به گونه های چای کوهی (85/0)، پونه (76/0)، آویشن (75/0) و نعناع (72/0) بود. شایع‌ترین کاربرد این گیاهان دارویی جهت رفع اختلالات گوارشی و تنفسی بود. مردم این منطقه از این گیاهان دارویی بیشتر به‌صورت جوشانده، عرق‌گیری، استفاده موضعی و پودر بهره می‌برند. بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق می¬توان نتیجه گرفت که استفاده از دانش بومی اهالی روستای چهارچشمه می‌تواند جهت ارتقاء آگاهی افراد امروزی در زمینه بهره¬برداری از گیاهان دارویی به عنوان جایگزینی براي داروهای شیمیایی تلقي گردد و در صنعت داروسازی نیز می‌توان از این ترکیبات طبیعی برای کاهش عوارض ناشی از مواد شیمیایی بهره جست.
Ethnobotany, as a branch of indigenous knowledge, investigates how people of a tribe or community use the plants of a region. Despite the huge advances in the production of chemical drugs, the use of herbal and traditional drugs still seems to be efficient and irreplaceable. The purpose of this research is to know the medicinal plants used by the people in Chaharcheshmeh village of Markazi province. For this purpose, the floristic list of the target area was first prepared using the field survey method, and then, using questionnaires, the area’s local residents’ local knowledge such as the local name of the plant, the organ used, the method of consumption, and the use of the medicinal plants of the area was obtained through open, semi-structured and collaborative interview methods with native people. According to the results of this research, 41 plant species belonging to 17 families are used by the people of Chahar Cheshme village. Among them, Lamiaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae and Apiaceae families are the most important. The highest Relative Frequency Citaion indices (RFC) of the records belong to mountain tea (0.85), oregano (0.76), thyme (0.75), and mint (0.72), respectively. The most common uses of these medicinal plants were to eliminate digestive and respiratory disorders. The people of this region use these medicinal plants mostly in the form of decoction, sweating, topical application, and powder. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that utilizing the indigenous knowledge of the residents of Chahar Cheshmeh village can contribute to enhancing the awareness of contemporary individuals in the field of herbal medicine utilization as an alternative to chemical drugs. Furthermore, these natural compounds can be utilized in the pharmaceutical industry to mitigate the side effects caused by chemical substances.
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