بررسی تنوع مورفولوژیکی، محتوای فنل و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی جمعیت‌های مختلف گونه‌های Nepeta nuda و Nepeta crassifolia در رویشگاه‌های استان‌های‌ اردبیل و آذربایجان شرقی

محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی

رسول نریمانی ¹ (دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.)
محمد مقدم ² (دانشیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران)
عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی ³ (گروه کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران.)
دانیال شکوهی ⁴ (کارشناس‌ارشد گروه بیوتکنولوژی و به نژادی گیاهان زراعی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/02/19 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/07/23 تاریخ انتشار : 1396/09/01

کلید واژه: آنتی‌اکسیدان, فنل کل, صفات مورفولوژیکی, پونه‌سای, جمعیت‌های مختلف,

چکیده مقاله :

جنس نپتا (Nepeta L.) متعلق تیره نعناعیان (Lamiaceae)، حاوی گونه‌های مختلف یک‌ ساله و چندساله می‌باشد که در نقاط مختلف آسیا، اروپا و شمال آفریقا یافت می‌شوند. این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی تنوع مورفولوژیکی، محتوای فنل و خاصیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی 6 جمعیت متعلق به دو گونه Nepeta nuda و Nepeta crassifolia در تابستان 1394 در دو استان اردبیل و آذربایجان شرقی انجام شد. نمونه‌برداری در زمان گلدهی صورت گرفت. صفات مورفولوژیکی شامل ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه فرعی، طول و عرض برگ، تعداد گره، طول گل‌آذین، طول میانگره و طول شاخه فرعی بود. عصاره متانولی به روش خیساندن، میزان فنل با روش فولین - سیکالتو و میزان فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی عصاره‌ها با استفاده از ظرفیت مهار رادیکال های DPPH انجام پذیرفت. آزمایش به‌صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 3 تکرار و مقایسه‌ میانگین داده ها‌ با استفاده از آزمون LSD در سطح احتمال 5 درصد انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد در گونه Nepeta crassifoliaجمعیت 1 (رضی) به لحاظ صفات مورفولوژیکی بر دیگر جمعیت های این گونه برتری داشت. بیشترین فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی با (96/74 درصد) و فنل کل (88/9 میلی‌گرم معادل گالیک اسید در هر گرم وزن‌تر) در بین جمعیت های این گونه به‌ترتیب مربوط به گل و برگ جمعیت 3 (گردنه حیران) بود. همچنین در مورد گونه Nepeta nuda بیشترین ارتفاع بوته، طول و عرض برگ، تعداد گره مربوط به جمعیت 6 (مشکین شهر) و بیشترین فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و میزان فنل کل در برگ و گل این‌ گونه به‌ترتیب در جمعیت های 5 (هریس) و 4 (مشکین- هریس) مشاهده گردید. به‌طورکلی در بین دو گونه بیشترین فنل کل و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی در جمعیت 3 (گردنه حیران) متعلق به گونه Nepeta crassifolia بود. به نظر می رسد ارتفاع از سطح دریا تاثیر به سزایی در افزایش محتوای فنلی و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی جمعیت ها داشت. جمعیت های 1 و 6 از هر دو گونه گیاهی از نظر صفات مورفولوژیک مورد ارزیابی، مطلوب بوده به‌طوری‌که دربرنامه های اصلاحی و اهلی کردن، این جمعیت‌ها می توانند مورد توجه قرارگیرند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Nepeta L., belongs to Lamiaceae family, is containing different annual and perennial species which are found in different parts of Asia, Europe and North Africa. In order to evaluate the morphological diversity, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity between 6 populations of Nepeta nuda and Nepeta crassifolia, the aerial parts of these plants in flowering stages were collected in summer 2015 from Ardabil and east Azerbaijan provinces. The morphological traits included plant height, number of sub-branches, leaf length and width, number of nodes, inflorescence length, internode length and length of sub-branch were measured. Methanolic extract were obtained by maceration, phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalto method and antioxidant activity were measurement DPPH radical scavenging capacity method, respectively.  The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with 3 replications and the comparison of data average was done by LSD test at 5% probability level. Results  were showed that the first population (Nepetacrassifolia - Razi) was superior in morphological characteristics compared to other populations of this species. The highest antioxidant activity (74.96%)and total phenolic content (9.88mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of fresh weight), was obtained from the leaves and flowers of population 3 (Heyran), respectively. Maximum plant height, leaf length and width, number of nodes were observed in population 6 (Meshkin) of Nepeta nuda and also the highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic content were perceived in leaves of population 5 (Heris) and flowers of population 4 (Meshkin-Heris), respectively. Generally the most total phenolic content and antioxidant activity between two species were observed in population 3 (Heyran) which is belong to the Nepeta crassifolia. It seems that the height of sea level had significant effect on populations phenolic content and antioxidant activity. So the populations of 1 and 6, which both species were desirable at evaluated morphological traits so that these populations can be considered in breeding and domestication programs.

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