تحلیل تأثیر کودهای شیمیایی، آلی و بیولوژیک بر ارتقاء عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد، و ویژگی‌های کیفی گیاهان دارویی: مطالعه جدید بر روی دو اکوتیپ زیره کوهی (Bunium persicum Bioss)
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی
سمیه الیاسی راد
1
,
سید غلامرضا موسوی
2
,
محمد جواد ثقه الاسلامی
3
,
فاطمه نخعی
4
1 - گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران
2 - مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی، گیاهان دارویی، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران
3 - عضو هیات علمی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد بیرجند
4 - عضو هیات علمی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی
کلید واژه: تغذیه گیاه, عملکرد دانه, کلروفیل کل, گیاه دارویی, محتوای اسانس.,
چکیده مقاله :
استفاده از سیستم‌های تغذیه گیاهی، با توجه به شرایط اقلیمی مختلف و ویژگی‌های ژنوتیپی گیاهان، می‌تواند به عملکرد بهتر و افزایش کیفیت محصولات گیاهی، به‌ویژه گیاهان دارویی، کمک کند. این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی اثرات منابع کودی (12 تیمار) بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی دو اکوتیپ بیرجند و ثقفی زیره کوهی (Bunium persicum Bioss) در طی دو سال زراعی (1402-1401) در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان جنوبی (محمدیه)، بیرجند به¬صورت آزمایش اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک¬های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. دو اکوتیپ به¬عنوان عوامل اصلی و تیمارهای کودی از ترکیب منابعNPK1 (70-60-80)، NPK2 (35-30-40)، قارچ مایکوریزا (AMF) و ورمی¬کمپوست (VC) به¬عنوان عامل فرعی مورد آزمایش قرار گرفتند. ارتفاع بوته، تعداد چترک در چتر، تعداد دانه، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، محتوای کلروفیل کل، محتوای اسانس (به روش کلونجر) و همچنین عملکرد اسانس (حاصل‌ضرب درصد اسانس در عملکرد دانه) اندازه¬گیری شدند. براساس نتایج، تیمارهای کودی به¬طور معنی¬داری بر صفات مورد مطالعه تأثیر داشتند به‌طوری که استفاده از سیستم تلفیقی (NPK1+AMF+VC) منجر به بالا رفتن میانگین اغلب صفات در هر دو سال آزمایش شد. اکوتیپ بیرجند در مقایسه با ثقفی دارای 5/40 و 0/24 درصد عملکرد دانه بالاتری به¬ترتیب در سال اول و دوم بود. در هر دو سال کاربرد تیمار NPK1+AMF+VC منجر به ایجاد بالاترین عملکرد دانه (به¬ترتیب 19/2 و 83/3 گرم در بوته) شد. بالاترین محتوای کلروفیل کل در کاربرد تیمار تلفیقی در هر دو اکوتیپ (به¬ترتیب 83/24 و 55/26 میکروگرم بر گرموزن تر) به¬دست آمد. نتایج رگرسیون گام به گام نشان داد که تعداد چترک در چتر، تعداد دانه در بوته، وزن هزار دانه و کلروفیل کل از صفات اثرگذاربر محتوای اسانس بودند. درمجموع، کاربرد تلفیقی کودهای شیمیایی (NPK1)، آلی (VC) و بیولوژیک (AMF)از کارایی بالاییدر افزایش صفات کمی و کیفی گیاه زیره کوهی برخوردار بود.
Utilizing plant nutrition systems, considering various climatic conditions and plant genotype characteristics can enhance the yield and quality of plant products, particularly medicinal plants. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of fertilizer sources (12 treatments) on the yield, yield components, and some biochemical characteristics of two ecotypes of Bunium persicum Bioss during two agricultural years (2021-2022) at the Agricultural Research Center and Natural Resources of South Khorasan (Mohammadiyeh), Birjand, Iran. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design within a randomized complete block design with three replications. Two ecotypes (‘Birjand’ and ‘Saghafi’) were considered as main factors, and fertilizer treatments, including combinations of NPK1 (70-60-80), NPK2 (35-30-40), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and vermicompost (VC) were examined as sub-factors. Plant height, number of umbelts per umbel, number of seeds, thousand-seed weight, seed yield, total chlorophyll content, essential oil content (by Clevenger method), and essential oil yield (the result of multiplying the percentage of essential oil by seed yield)were measured. The results showed that fertilizer treatments significantly influenced thestudied traits, with the combined use of fertilizer system(NPK1+AMF+VC) leading to increased average traits in both experimental years. The ‘Birjand’ ecotype had higher seed yields by40.5% and 24.0%, respectively, compared to the ‘Saghafi’ecotype in the first and second years. In both years, the application of the NPK1+AMF+VC treatment resulted in the highest seed yield (19.2and83.3 g plant-1, respectively). The highest total chlorophyll content was obtained in the combined treatment application in both ecotypes(24.83 and 26.55 µg g-1 FW, respectively). Stepwise regression results showed that the number of umbelts per umbel, number of seeds per plant, thousand-seed weight, and total chlorophyll were influential traits on essential oil content. Overall, the combined application of chemical (NPK1), organic (VC), and biological(AMF) fertilizers exhibited high efficacy in enhancing the quantitative and qualitative traits of Bunium persicum.
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