Analysis of the impact of chemical, organic, and biological fertilizers on enhancing yield, yield components, and quality traits of medicinal plants: A new study on two ecotypes of Bunium persicum Bioss
Subject Areas : Medicinal Plants
Somayeh Elyasi Rad
1
,
Seyyed gholamreza Moosavi
2
,
محمد جواد ثقه الاسلامی
3
,
Fatemeh Nakhaei
4
1 - Ph.D. student in Agronomy, Department of Agriculture, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran
2 - Agriculture, Medicinal plants and Animals Sciences Research Center, Birjand branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran
3 - عضو هیات علمی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد بیرجند
4 - عضو هیات علمی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی
Keywords: Plant nutrition, Seed yield, Total chlorophyll, Medicinal plant, Essential oil content.,
Abstract :
Utilizing plant nutrition systems, considering various climatic conditions and plant genotype characteristics can enhance the yield and quality of plant products, particularly medicinal plants. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of fertilizer sources (12 treatments) on the yield, yield components, and some biochemical characteristics of two ecotypes of Bunium persicum Bioss during two agricultural years (2021-2022) at the Agricultural Research Center and Natural Resources of South Khorasan (Mohammadiyeh), Birjand, Iran. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design within a randomized complete block design with three replications. Two ecotypes (‘Birjand’ and ‘Saghafi’) were considered as main factors, and fertilizer treatments, including combinations of NPK1 (70-60-80), NPK2 (35-30-40), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and vermicompost (VC) were examined as sub-factors. Plant height, number of umbelts per umbel, number of seeds, thousand-seed weight, seed yield, total chlorophyll content, essential oil content (by Clevenger method), and essential oil yield (the result of multiplying the percentage of essential oil by seed yield)were measured. The results showed that fertilizer treatments significantly influenced thestudied traits, with the combined use of fertilizer system(NPK1+AMF+VC) leading to increased average traits in both experimental years. The ‘Birjand’ ecotype had higher seed yields by40.5% and 24.0%, respectively, compared to the ‘Saghafi’ecotype in the first and second years. In both years, the application of the NPK1+AMF+VC treatment resulted in the highest seed yield (19.2and83.3 g plant-1, respectively). The highest total chlorophyll content was obtained in the combined treatment application in both ecotypes(24.83 and 26.55 µg g-1 FW, respectively). Stepwise regression results showed that the number of umbelts per umbel, number of seeds per plant, thousand-seed weight, and total chlorophyll were influential traits on essential oil content. Overall, the combined application of chemical (NPK1), organic (VC), and biological(AMF) fertilizers exhibited high efficacy in enhancing the quantitative and qualitative traits of Bunium persicum.
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