مطالعه محصول اول و اصلی در میوه دارویی انجیر (Ficus carica L.) از نظر صفات مرفولوژیکی و آنتی‌اکسیدانی
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی
فاطمه زواری
1
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اسماعیل سیفی
2
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فریال وارسته
3
1 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزي و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
2 - دانشگاه علوم كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي گرگان
3 - عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی گرگان
کلید واژه: آنتی‌اکسیدان, انجیر, فلاونوئید, فنول,
چکیده مقاله :
انجیر (Ficus carica L.) یکی از مهم‌ترین میوه‌های نیمه گرمسیری دارویی ایران است. با توجه به تنوع ژنتیکی بالای ژنوتیپ‌های انجیر در ایران، ارزیابی منابع ژنتیکی آن ضروری می‌باشد. این پژوهش در سال 1402 به منظور مقایسه محصول اول و اصلی در چهار ژنوتیپ انجیر از نظر صفات مرفولوژیکی و آنتی¬اکسیدانی انجام شد. نمونه‌های میوه به صورت تصادفی از تمام جهات درخت در خرداد و تیر ماه برداشت شدند و تنوع آن‌ها بر اساس دسکریپتور مخصوص انجیر مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین وزن میوه در محصول اول ژنوتیپ پردیس (113.85 گرم) مشاهده شد. بیشترین قطر میوه نیز مربوط به محصول اول ژنوتیپ پردیس (56.66 میلی‌متر) و سپس محصول اول ژنوتیپ تُرک (53.42 میلی‌متر) بود. میوه‌های محصول اول در اغلب ژنوتیپ‌ها وزن، قطر، طول گردن و ضخامت گوشت بیشتری داشتند؛ اما میوه‌های محصول اصلی از نظر قطر پالپ مقادیر بیشتری نشان دادند. طبق نتایج حاصل، میوه‌های محصول اول طول بیشتری (69 میلی‌متر) نسبت به میوه‌های محصول اصلی داشتند و همچنین کشیده‌تر بودند. بین محصول اول و محصول اصلی چهار ژنوتیپ از نظر میزان مواد جامد محلول، pH، فنول کل، فلاونوئید کل و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی نیز اختلاف معنی‌دار مشاهده شد و محصول اول در تمام این صفات مقادیر بالاتری را نشان دادند. بین ژنوتیپ¬ها از نظر فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی اختلاف معنی‌دار وجود داشت و ژنوتیپ ترک بیشترین فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی (82.8 درصد رادیکال آزاد) را دارا بود. زمان میوه‌دهی احتمالاً نقش مهمی در میزان توانمندی آنتی‌اکسیدانی و محتوای فنولی داشته باشد. به نظر می‌رسد که محصول اول حاصل از این نوع ژنوتیپ‌ها دارای خواص دارویی بالاتری باشند.
The fig (Ficus carica L.) holds a significant position as one of Iran's essential medicinal subtropical fruits. Given the considerable genetic diversity among fig genotypes in Iran, it is necessary to assess its genetic resources. This study, conducted in 2023, aimed to compare the morphological and antioxidant traits of the first and main crops of four fig genotypes. Fruit samples were randomly collected in June and July for analysis based on fig descriptors. The findings revealed that the first crop of the Pardis genotype exhibited the highest fruit weight (113.85 g). Similarly, the largest fruit diameter was recorded in the first crop of the Pardis genotype (56.66 mm) followed by the first crop of Turk genotype (53.42 mm). In most genotypes, the first crop displayed higher weight, diameter, neck length, and flesh thickness; however, the main crop showed higher values in pulp diameter. The first crop fruits were longer (69 mm) and more elongated. A significant difference was observed between the first crop and the main crop across four genotypes in terms of soluble solids, pH, total phenol, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity, with the first crop demonstrating superior values in all these aspects. Notably, there was a significant variance in antioxidant activity among genotypes, with the Turk genotype exhibiting the highest antioxidant activity (82.8% free radicals). The fruiting season likely plays a pivotal role in determining the antioxidant activity level and phenolic content, suggesting that the first crop of fig genotypes possesses enhanced medicinal properties.
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